196,246 research outputs found
Passagens de tempo
No full textO livro é uma viagem pelo conceito de tempo, permeada por desafios e questionamentos, na tentativa de refletir sobre este instigante e intangível enigma. Fruto de uma aprofundada pesquisa e de sua própria vivência como médico psiquiatra, professor de psicologia e filósofo, o autor apresenta um ensaio em que dialogam filosofia, psicologia, ciência, literatura e outros campos do saber. Com uma linguagem permeada de prosa e poesia, Maldonato tece considerações sobre o tempo, os indivíduos e o mundo, além de apresentar ao leitor uma densa bibliografia sobre o tema
RESEARCH ON SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH. A TRANSDISCIPLINARY STUDY
No full textResearch on Scientific Research sets out to explain how scientific research is conducted. Editors Mauro Maldonato and Ricardo Pietrobon and Contributors focus on the emerging inter/transdisciplinary dimensions of research. They use an approach grounded in the sciences of complexity to counteract the disciplinary fragmentation and decontextualization created by a reductionist approach. ... The underlying theme throughout all the chapters is a practical focus on improving the way practitioners conduct and educate for scientific research. By rejecting the reductionistic approach to science, the authors propose research platforms that offer a broader perspective on the nature and practice of research, and the implications thereof for more complex and productive research environments. ... This volume combines leading-edge essays that focus on the inter/ transdisciplinary study of research systems, from a group of international researchers from Italy, the UK and the United States. While the book is essential reading for all those involved in planning scientific research projects, the arguments put forward for the conduct of research have broader implications and applications for the social sciences and education
Decision Making. Towards an Evolutionary Theory of rationality.
No full textSince the dawn of time human beings have had to make decisions. Wise or foolish, thoughtful or instinctive, altruistic or selfish, decision-making – from the most simple to the most complex – enables people to confront and overcome constant environmental challenges. Yet, despite the momentousness of decision-making in adaptability terms, men and women ignore the actual process that takes place in their minds when, for example, they invest in the stock market, buy a car, trust a person they just met, or simply decide to go to the movies. While some decisions are taken in a few seconds (when we act impulsively without time to evaluate the process), other decisions require considerable cognitive effort and accurate cost-benefit analysis. But is it only the optimal decision that deserves to be called rational? If this is the case, how then can we explain the wisdom of our instincts, of our emotions, of our ‘sixth sense’? Moreover, what is the role of subjectivity, free will, desire, culture in the decision-making process?
... Research on decision-making has had a long and controversial history. The idea of a perfect rationality has more recently given way to the idea of a rationality conscious of its incompleteness – to a process that cannot be expressed or conceived in logical or rational terms. In this ground-breaking book, Mauro Maldonato reinterprets the secular controversy about the nature of human decision-making in light of recent discoveries in cognitive neurosciences and new research (neuroeconomics and neuroethics). At the end of this literary excursion along a stunning archipelago of rationality, morality, emotion and consciousness, the reader is provided with the means to view and assess personal decision-making and resultant action in a completely different way – a way that impacts positively on human interaction and psychological wholeness
La clessidra vuota. Figure dell’intemporalità nel romanzo pirandelliano.
No full textO artigo reflete sobre a questão da temporalidade em Pirandello. Observando a temporalidade à luz da leitura psicológica e da reflexão fenomenologica, contesta-se a leitura da acronia como cifra temática essencial do autor para mostrar como a condição essencial da personagem prismática pirandelliana e de sua narrativa seja, na verdade, a intemporalidade
Undecidable Decisions: Rationality Limits and Decision-Making Heuristics.
No full textIn this article the theoretic evolution and the empirical-experimental efforts that have led to the affirmation of the bounded/procedural rationality paradigm are discussed. Moreover, the debate on supporters of the "optimization" approach and supporters of the "bounded/procedural rationality" approach is traced, highlighting the irreconcilability of these two approaches and, in retort, a solid defense against a merely "reductionist" attempt of the innovative context of the Simonian theory. Critically going over the debate on decision dynamics, it becomes clear how, due to the uncertain nature of rational processes, it is impossible to establish the decision-making best way. The imperfect character of individual choice is explained by how the decider identifies a solution that appears satisfying in that moment due to cognitive and temporal limits
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