1,720,962 research outputs found
Architectural approach to evaluate the design and management of almond cultivars suitable for super high-density orchards
Full text linkIntroduction: The almond tree is a major global nut crop, and its production has surged dramatically in recent years. Super high-density (SHD) planting systems, designed to optimize resource efficiency and enhance precocity, have gained prominence in almond cultivation. A shift in cropping systems toward sustainable intensification (SI) pathways is imperative, and so maximizing branching density within the canopies of SHD trees is crucial to establish and maintain productive potential, especially for hedge-pruned trees. This study investigates the influence of different almond cultivars grafted onto a novel growth-controlling rootstock on tree architectural and growth parameters in a SHD orchard. This open field research provided valuable insights for the development and application of new tools and methods to increase productivity and sustainability in almond growing. Methods: Three cultivars (Lauranne® Avijour, Guara Tuono, and Filippo Cea) were evaluated in Gravina in Puglia (BA) over a two-year period. Canopy growth parameters, such as canopy volume and trunk cross-sectional area, and architectural traits, like branching density, branching angle, number and length of subterminal shoots, and number of brachyblasts, were measured through qualitative and quantitative measurements. Results and discussion: Results revealed significant differences in tree height, canopy thickness, width, volume, and vigor among the cultivars. Architectural traits, including branch parameters, brachyblast parameters, and subterminal shoots, varied among the cultivars. Lauranne displayed a more compact well-distributed canopy and exhibited the lowest vigor. Filippo Cea showed the highest vigor and the greatest canopy volume. Tuono had a higher number of buds and bud density. The best ideotype for SHD orchards is a smaller tree, with high branching density and smaller trunk diameters, i.e. the vigor. Cv. Lauranne seemed to be the best cultivar, mostly with the lowest tree vigor of all the cultivars involved. These findings provide valuable insights for almond growers and breeders seeking to optimize orchard design and management for enhanced SHD orchards productivity and sustainability. Future research will explore the relationship between canopy architecture and yield parameters, considering different scion/rootstock combinations in different environmental conditions
Two almond cultivars trained in a super-high density orchard show different growth, yield efficiencies and damages by mechanical harvesting
Full text linkModern almond growing travels on the tracks of super-high density (SHD). Born in 2010, it has already reached 6700 ha planted all over the world. This new cultivation system needs to define efficient agronomic techniques in order to identify it as a “Super-Efficient System”. Among these, the choice of cultivar is a crucial technique and a key factor for sustainability. The purpose of this study was to compare different cultivars in terms of vegetative, productive, and efficiencies parameters in order to gain applicable relevant knowledge about the SHD almond cultivation technique. For this, 3 years of research was carried out during 2017–2019, on a young almond grove made in 2014 with row spacing of 3.80 m × 1.20 m (2190 trees/ha), to evaluate the agronomic behavior of the two most planted cultivars in Italy, Guara-Tuono and Lauranne® Avijor, grafted on the Rootpac®20 dwarfing rootstock. The main biometric, productive, yield, mechanical harvesting efficiencies, and almond quality parameters were evaluated. Cv Lauranne® showed greater vigor, greater fruit yield, and damaged axes by mechanical harvesting, while higher values of yield efficiencies were observed for cv Tuono. Harvesting efficiency was related to canopy size and tree age. On the contrary, almonds quality parameters were strongly related to the cultivar, confirming the good performance of Tuono as varietal characters. Then, this cultivar seems to be the most suitable for an efficient SHD planting system, in line with the objectives of modern sustainable fruit growing. The better performance of cv Tuono could be related to the positive influence of the terroir as well
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Exploration and exploitation of the functional characteristics of the cultivar ‘Filippo Cea’ Apulian almond
No full textApulian almond germplasm plays a key role in the world panorama due to the existence of unique interesting genotypes, widely used for international breeding programs. The ‘Filippo Cea’ is one of the most relevant Apulian native almond genotypes. Originated in the territory of Toritto, it was rapidly spread in the last century to the other Apulian growing areas due to its good yield performances and organoleptic characteristics: its notable creaminess makes it ideal for use in confectionery due to its intense flavor, but at the same time, balanced with final hints of butter. ‘Filippo Cea’ is also a Slow Food Presidium, known as “Mandorla di Toritto”, making it a product with a high economic value as well. Nevertheless, its functional characteristics are not yet fully exploited. The aim of this research is to explore and exploit the nutraceutical characteristics of ‘Filippo Cea’ almonds. Fruits were sampled from a commercial orchard in the typical growing area, for two years. The main biochemical analyses were carried out. ‘Filippo Cea’ almonds showed low saturated fatty acids, high unsaturated fatty acids and good contents of fibre, phytosterols, amino acids, minerals and vitamins. The low-fat content should make these almonds suitable for a low-calorie diet. Moreover, the ‘Filippo Cea’ almonds used in the preparation of a great number of traditional confectionery products, in combination with egg, milk and flour, could enhance the functional value of all these foods
Micropropagation affects fruiting traits of olive tree depending on cultivar vigor
No full textPropagation method plays a key role in fruit tree growing. However, no data are available on how new in vitro propagation techniques can affect the fruiting traits in different olive cultivars, in order to better assess their suitability for olive orchard intensification. The goal of this research was to in field evaluate the effect of micropropagation, compared with mist propagation method, on fruiting traits of the ‘Arbequina’ and ‘Coratina’ olive cultivars grown in an adult super high-density (SHD) orchard (1,660 trees ha-1). For this purpose, on 2 shoots per tree and on 9 trees per cultivars, 8 fruiting traits and the fruiting model of the shoot were studied for two years. Micropropagation reduced important fruiting traits, such as flowering and fruits density, and yield in ‘Coratina’, that showed a significant fall in the productive potential when the trees were micropropagated. In this cultivar micropropagation changed the fruiting model of the shoot as well. On the contrary, in ‘Arbequina’ the micropropagation influenced only two considered fruiting traits, without affecting yield nor fruiting model of the shoot. So, it can be concluded that the effects intensity of the micropropagation method would be related to the vigour of the propagated cultivar: more vigour more detrimental effects. These observations are essential for a best comparative varietal evaluation in new super high-density olive planting systems. To determine the impact of micropropagation on other olive varieties, more research is required
Micropropagation affects tree architecture of two olive cultivars: a field evaluation
No full textPropagation method seems to play a key role in fruit tree growing. It is crucial to know how new in vitro propagation techniques can affect the morphology and the dynamics of shoot growth in different olive cultivars, to better assess its suitability for olive orchard intensification. The goal of this research was to field-evaluate the effect of micropropagation, compared with mist-propagation method, on sprout growth and shoot branching of the ‘Arbequina’ and ‘Coratina’ olive cultivars grown in an adult super high-density orchard (1,667 trees ha-1). For this purpose, on 2 shoots per tree and on 9 trees per cultivars, growth of the sprouts emitted by apical and lateral buds were measured. The trees obtained by micropropagation had a greater tendency to vegetative growth in ‘Coratina’ but not in ‘Arbequina’. For ‘Coratina’, a higher number of nodes were found for micropropagated trees than for mist-propagated ones, that were characterized by one proleptic bud in a basal position and a vigorous apical bud. Micropropagation did not have a significant impact on the vegetative dynamics of ‘Arbequina’. On the contrary, micropropagation was found to have significant negative impact on the shoot dynamics of ‘Coratina’. Furthermore, it was suggested that the intensity of this effect depended on the vigour of the propagated cultivar, being ‘Coratina’ more vigorous than ‘Arbequina’. These observations are essential for a best comparative varietal evaluation and for the assessment of propagation method in super high-density olive planting systems
Exploration and exploitation of the functional characteristics of the cultivar ‘Filippo Cea’ Apulian almond
No full textApulian almond germplasm plays a key role in the world panorama due to the existence of unique interesting genotypes, widely used for international breeding programs. The ‘Filippo Cea’ is one of the most relevant Apulian native almond genotypes. Originated in the territory of Toritto, it was rapidly spread in the last century to the other Apulian growing areas due to its good yield performances and organoleptic characteristics: its notable creaminess makes it ideal for use in confectionery due to its intense flavor, but at the same time, balanced with final hints of butter. ‘Filippo Cea’ is also a Slow Food Presidium, known as “Mandorla di Toritto”, making it a product with a high economic value as well. Nevertheless, its functional characteristics are not yet fully exploited. The aim of this research is to explore and exploit the nutraceutical characteristics of ‘Filippo Cea’ almonds. Fruits were sampled from a commercial orchard in the typical growing area, for two years. The main biochemical analyses were carried out. ‘Filippo Cea’ almonds showed low saturated fatty acids, high unsaturated fatty acids and good contents of fibre, phytosterols, amino acids, minerals and vitamins. The low-fat content should make these almonds suitable for a low-calorie diet. Moreover, the ‘Filippo Cea’ almonds used in the preparation of a great number of traditional confectionery products, in combination with egg, milk and flour, could enhance the functional value of all these foods
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
