1,721,037 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Development of new tools for bringing pesticide risk assessment in the small size enterprises and in the developing world
Full text linkThe role of pesticides in the modern society has been strengthened by the need for higher yield in food production and the ongoing battle against vector borne diseases in public health. Nevertheless, the toxicity of these chemicals is not fully specific to target organisms, thus posing a potential health threat to humans. In this frame, risk assessment and management are fundamental. In the occupational settings, variability of meteorological conditions, use of different concentrations of highboy variable mixtures, and significant variations in the application times and modalities make this task very complicated, underlining the need for novel approaches for conducting ‘in field’ preventive activities. New developments in pesticide risk assessment should start from the fact that the amount of information collected during the process of authorisation of new active ingredients is unique, similar to that available for pharmaceutical products, and that this significant amount of information is scarcely used in the post market risk assessment activities. In this light, a possible way forward for pesticide risk assessment is represented by a better exploitation of these data, in approaches with variable levels of complexity; the simplest, is the evaluation of the adherence of the use scenario under evaluation with the one checked and approved in the authorisation process and synthesised in the good agricultural practices. Other parameters such as Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (AOEL), acute reference dose (ArD) as well data regarding skin absorption, metabolism and relevant metabolites in animals can find use in the realisation of models adequate to estimate the dose and the risk without doing analysis, as well as to calculate provisional biological exposure indices, defining the dose supposed to be excreted in a subject exposed at the AOEL level. This can be done conducing real-life field studies to usable refine and validate the risk hypotheses generated through modelling
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Experiences and lessons learnt in the preparation of lists of occupational diseases and of the related diagnostic criteria
Full text linkAccording to ILO, an occupational disease is “Any disease contracted as a result of an exposure to risk factors arising from work activity”. In most countries, a disease is defined “occupational” when the national authorities acknowledge its occupational origin. The main tool available to national authorities to recognize the occupational origin of a disease are the lists, but aims, contents, structure and size of the lists significantly vary, from countries which have not any list to countries having lists composed of more than hundred groups of occupational diseases, therefore harmonization is needed. A disease can be included in a list when the evidence of its link with exposure is strong, and solid diagnostic criteria exist. The main points for definition of diagnostic criteria are clinical features, occupational history and exposure, natural history and progress of the disease, and differential diagnosis. Other parameters are the minimum intensity of the exposure necessary to cause the disease and its minimum duration, the maximum latent period, that is the maximum time that can elapse from the induction or, as surrogate, from the beginning of exposure to the onset of the disease. Finally, the criteria of a minimum induction and the maximum disease-free period (from the end of the exposure to the onset of the disease) should be fulfilled. Unfortunately, these criteria cannot be guaranteed in condition mainly “symptom based”, such as low back pain, migraine, burnout, Karoshi. Also new diseases, diseases emerging from new risks or from new presentations of know risks deserve attention. Finally, the main properties of “good” lists and criteria are credibility (involvement of experts and availability of references), consensus (among experts, employers, employees and governments), and consistency. These criteria and needs have been considered in the preparation of the document “International Guidance Notes on the Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Diseases”
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
INC901688 Supplemental Material2 - Supplemental material for Timing of renal replacement therapy for patients with acute kidney injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textSupplemental material, INC901688 Supplemental Material2 for Timing of renal replacement therapy for patients with acute kidney injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Mark Andonovic, Richard Shemilt, Malcolm Sim, Jamie P Traynor, Martin Shaw, Patrick B Mark and Kathryn A Puxty in Journal of the Intensive Care Society</p
INC901688 Supplemental Material1 - Supplemental material for Timing of renal replacement therapy for patients with acute kidney injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textSupplemental material, INC901688 Supplemental Material1 for Timing of renal replacement therapy for patients with acute kidney injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Mark Andonovic, Richard Shemilt, Malcolm Sim, Jamie P Traynor, Martin Shaw, Patrick B Mark and Kathryn A Puxty in Journal of the Intensive Care Society</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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