188,855 research outputs found
The Mediterranean climate: An overview of the main characteristics and issues
No full textThe Mediterranean Region has many morphologic, geographical, historical, and societal characteristics, which make its climate scientifically interesting. The concept of Mediterranean climate is characterized by mild wet winters and warm to hot, dry summers and occur on the west side of continents between about 30° and 40° latitude. However, the presence of a relatively large mass of water is unique to the actual Mediterranean region. The Mediterranean Sea is a marginal and semi-enclosed sea; it is located on the western side of a large continental area and is surrounded by Europe to the North, Africa to the South, and Asia to the East. The chapter discusses that the climate of the Mediterranean region is to a large extent forced by planetary scale patterns. The time and space behavior of the regional features associated with such large-scale forcing is complex. Orography and land–sea distribution play an important role establishing the climate at basin scale and its teleconnections with global patterns. Different levels of services of readiness to emergencies, technological, and economic resources are likely to result in very different adaptation capabilities to environmental changes and new problems. The different economic situations and demographic trends are likely to produce contrasts and conflicts in a condition of limited available resources and environmental stress
Modern approaches to data assimilation in ocean modeling /
No full textThe field of oceanographic data assimilation is now well established. The main area of concern of oceanographic data assimilation is the necessity for systematic model improvement and ocean state estimation. In this respect, the book presents the newest, innovative applications combining the most sophisticated assimilation methods with the most complex ocean circulation models. Ocean prediction has also now emerged as an important area in itself. The book contains reviews of scientific oceanographic issues covering different time and space scales. The application of data assimilation methods can provide significant advances in the understanding of this subject. Also included are the first, recent developments in the forecasting of oceanic flows. Only original articles that have undergone full peer review are presented, to ensure the highest scientific quality. This work provides an excellent coverage of state-of-the-art oceanographic data assimilation.Includes bibliographical references and index.Print version record.The field of oceanographic data assimilation is now well established. The main area of concern of oceanographic data assimilation is the necessity for systematic model improvement and ocean state estimation. In this respect, the book presents the newest, innovative applications combining the most sophisticated assimilation methods with the most complex ocean circulation models. Ocean prediction has also now emerged as an important area in itself. The book contains reviews of scientific oceanographic issues covering different time and space scales. The application of data assimilation methods can provide significant advances in the understanding of this subject. Also included are the first, recent developments in the forecasting of oceanic flows. Only original articles that have undergone full peer review are presented, to ensure the highest scientific quality. This work provides an excellent coverage of state-of-the-art oceanographic data assimilation.Preface / P. Malanotte-Rizzoli -- The Oceanographic Data Assimilation Problem: Overview, Motivation and Purposes / P. Malanotte-Rizzoli and E. Tziperman -- Recent Developments in Prognostic Ocean Modeling / W.R. Holland and A. Capotondi -- Oceanographic Data for Parameter Estimation / N.G. Hogg -- A Case Study of the Effects of Errors in Satellite Altimetry on Data Assimilation / L.L. Fu and I. Fukumori -- Ocean Acoustic Tomography: Integral Data and Ocean Models / B.D. Cornuelle and P.F. Worcester -- Combining Data and a Global Primitive Equation Ocean General Circulation Model using the Adjoint Method / Z. Sirkes, E. Tziperman and W.C. Thacker -- Data Assimilation Methods for Ocean Tides / G.D. Egbert and A.F. Bennett.Global Ocean Data Assimilation System / A. Rosati, R. Gudgel and K. Miyakoda -- Tropical Data Assimilation: Theoretical Aspects / R.N. Miller and M.A. Cane -- Data Assimilation in Support of Tropical Ocean Circulation Studies / A.J. Busalacchi -- Ocean Data Assimilation as a Component of a Climate Forecast System / A. Leetmaa and M. Ji -- A Methodology for the Construction of a Hierarchy of Kalman Filters for Nonlinear Primitive Equation Models / P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, I. Fukumori and R.E. Young -- Data Assimilation in a North Pacific Ocean Monitoring and Prediction System / M.R. Carnes, D.N. Fox, R.C. Rhodes and O.M. Smedstad -- Towards an Operational Nowcast/Forecast System for the U.S. East Coast / F. Aikman III, G.L. Mellor, T. Ezer, D. Sheinin, P. Chen, L. Breaker and D.B. Rao.Real-time Regional Forecasting / A.R. Robinson, H.G. Arango, A. Warn-Varnas, W. Leslie, A.J. Miller, P.J. Haley and C.J. Lozano -- An Interdisciplinary Ocean Prediction System: Assimilation Strategies and Structured Data Models / C.J. Lozano, A.R. Robinson, H.G. Arango, A. Gangopadhyay, Q. Sloan, P.J. Haley, L. Anderson and W. Leslie.Elsevie
Cyclones in the Mediterranean Region: Climatology and Effects on the Environment (Chapter 6)
No full textRelations between climate variability in the Mediterranean region and the Tropics: ENSO, South Asian and African Monsoons, Hurricanes and Saharan dust (Chapter 2)
No full text"Limb Sparing Versus Amputation in Osteosarcoma: Istitute Rizzoli Experience"
No full text"Limb Sparing Versus Amputation in Osteosarcoma: Istitute Rizzoli Experience
Relations between variability in the Mediterranean region and Mid-latitude variability (Chapter 3)
No full textMediterranean Climate Variability Over the Last Centuries : A Review
No full text[Luterbacher, J., E. Xoplaki, C. Casty, H. Wanner, A. Pauling, M. Kuettel, T. Rutishauser, S. Broennimann, E. Fischer, D. Fleitmann, JF. Gonzalez-Rouco, R. Garcia-Herrera, M. Barriendos, FS. Rodrigo, JC. Gonzalez-Hidalgo, MA. Saz, L. Gimeno, P. Ribera, M. Brunet, H. Paeth, N. Rimbu, T. Felis, J. Jacobeit, A. Duenkeloh, E. Zorita, J. Guiot, M. Turkes, MJ. Alcoforado, R. Trigo, D. Wheeler, SFB. Tett, ME. Mann, R. Touchan, DT. Shindell, S. Silenzi, P. Montagna, D. Camuffo, A. Mariotti, T. Nanni, M. Brunetti, M. Maugeri, C. Zerefos, S. De Zolt, P. Lionello, MF. Nunes, V. Rath, H. Beltrami, E. Garnier, and E. Le Roy Ladurie] - [P. Lionello (Editor) : University of Lecce, Italy - Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli (Editor) : Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, U.S.A. - R. Boscolo (Editor) : Instituto de Investigaciones Marines, Vigo, Spain] - [E. Garnier p. 45-47] - ISBN : 0-444-52170-
Mediterranean Climate Variability Over the Last Centuries : A Review
No full text[Luterbacher, J., E. Xoplaki, C. Casty, H. Wanner, A. Pauling, M. Kuettel, T. Rutishauser, S. Broennimann, E. Fischer, D. Fleitmann, JF. Gonzalez-Rouco, R. Garcia-Herrera, M. Barriendos, FS. Rodrigo, JC. Gonzalez-Hidalgo, MA. Saz, L. Gimeno, P. Ribera, M. Brunet, H. Paeth, N. Rimbu, T. Felis, J. Jacobeit, A. Duenkeloh, E. Zorita, J. Guiot, M. Turkes, MJ. Alcoforado, R. Trigo, D. Wheeler, SFB. Tett, ME. Mann, R. Touchan, DT. Shindell, S. Silenzi, P. Montagna, D. Camuffo, A. Mariotti, T. Nanni, M. Brunetti, M. Maugeri, C. Zerefos, S. De Zolt, P. Lionello, MF. Nunes, V. Rath, H. Beltrami, E. Garnier, and E. Le Roy Ladurie] - [P. Lionello (Editor) : University of Lecce, Italy - Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli (Editor) : Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, U.S.A. - R. Boscolo (Editor) : Instituto de Investigaciones Marines, Vigo, Spain] - [E. Garnier p. 45-47] - ISBN : 0-444-52170-
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