1,720,970 research outputs found
Prognostic Effect of Lymph Node Metastases and Mesenteric Deposits in Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Small Bowel
No full textWell-differentiated, low-grade neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are the most frequent tumor types of the small bowel. Despite their generally indolent growth patterns and grade, these tumors tend to metastasize; indeed, at presentation, approximately 50% show nodal metastases and 30% of patients have distant metastases, even though they potentially show long survival. Little is available in the literature concerning the optimal nodal yield in small-bowel resections, and the clinical significance of nodal metastases and lymph node ratio (LNR) at this site is still debated. The aim of this review, through a systematic literature search, is to explore and analyze data regarding nodal status, adequacy of lymphadenectomy, and LNR on the prognosis of small bowel NETs using defined end points (progression-free survival, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival). Some surgical series have demonstrated that extended regional mesenteric lymphadenectomy, together with primary tumor resection, is associated with improved patient survival, and LNR is proving a prognostically important parameter. The new feature of mesenteric tumor deposits (MTDs; neoplastic deposits found in the mesenteric perivisceral adipose tissue that are not LN associated) seems to be a better prognostic predictor in small-bowel NETs compared to nodal metastases, and this feature is explored and critiqued in this review. In particular, increasing number of tumor deposits is correlated with increased risk of disease-specific death, and MTDs seem to correlate with peritoneal carcinomatosis
Role of FGF System in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Potential Therapeutic Applications
Full text linkNeuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors originating from neuroendocrine cells dispersed in different organs. Receptor tyrosine kinases are a subclass of tyrosine kinases with a relevant role in several cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, motility and metabolism. Dysregulation of these receptors is involved in neoplastic development and progression for several tumors, including NENs. In this review, we provide an overview concerning the role of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) system in the development and progression of NENs, the occurrence of fibrotic complications and the onset of drug-resistance. Although no specific FGFR kinase inhibitors have been evaluated in NENs, several clinical trials on multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors, acting also on FGF system, showed promising anti-tumor activity with an acceptable and manageable safety profile in patients with advanced NENs. Future studies will need to confirm these issues, particularly with the development of new tyrosine kinase inhibitors highly selective for FGFR
Gene expression and pathway bioinformatics analysis detect a potential predictive value of MAP3K8 in thyroid cancer progression
No full textPerchlorates in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis: a comprehensive review
Full text linkIntroduction
Perchlorates are ionic inhibitors antagonizing iodine transport into thyrocytes, hampering thyroid hormone synthesis. Nevertheless, perchlorates are not considered as first-line treatment in hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis as compared to other pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.
Aim
Reassessing the therapeutic role of perchlorates in hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis throughout a systematic review of the Literature.
Methods
Guidelines were searched and examined to summarize current recommendations on the use of perchlorates in the management of hyperthyroidism. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were also searched and reviewed to summarize the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of perchlorates in hyperthyroidisms and thyrotoxicosis.
Results
The management of specific forms of hyperthyroidism was considered, including Graves' disease (GD) in non-pregnant adults, hyperthyroidisms in pregnancy, iodine media contrast-induced hyperthyroidism, amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidisms, and thyroid storm. Most of the reported studies had remarkable limitations in terms of study design (non-controlled trials, lack of blinding), low number of participants, and the lack of clinically relevant endpoints, such as cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and teratogenicity. Overall, perchlorates could be considered a second-line treatment after thionamides, radioiodine, and total thyroidectomy in both GD and hyperthyroidisms in pregnancy. The therapeutic potential of perchlorates alone or in combination with other agents could be considered a second-line treatment of iodine-related hyperthyroidisms and thyroid storm.
Conclusion
Despite the low level of evidence, perchlorates could be considered in such specific forms of thyroid disorders, including iodine-induced hyperthyroidism and thyroid storm
CANCRO TIROIDEO E AMBIENTE VULCANICO
No full textIntroduzione: L'aumentata incidenza del cancro tiroideo in diverse aree vulcaniche suggerisce una potenziale relazione tra l'ambiente e la contaminazione dei residenti con sostanze chimiche vulcaniche che hanno un effetto cancerogeno sulla tiroide.
Disegno dello studio: abbiamo sviluppato tre fasi: 1) studio epidemiologico: paragone dell incidenza del cancro tiroideo nell area vulcanica dell Etna con quella di un area di controllo non vulcanica.; 2) studio ambientale: paragone delle concentrazioni di metalli pesanti e oligoelementi nelle acque del sistema acquifero dell Etna e dell area di controllo non vulcanica in Sicilia; 3) studio biologico: paragone delle concentrazioni di metalli pesanti e oligoelementi nelle urine dei residenti nell area vulcanica e dell area di controllo in Sicilia.
Metodi: i dati di epidemiologia del cancro tiroideo sono stati estrapolati dal Registro Regionale Siciliano per il Cancro della Tiroide (periodo 2002-2006). In totale, 34 oligoelementi sono stati misurati nelle acque e nelle urine di 278 adulti residenti nell area vulcanica (n = 140 ) e nell area di controllo (n = 138).
Risultati: l'incidenza del cancro tiroideo era superiore nella zona vulcanica (tasso di incidenza standardizzato per l età della popolazione mondiale= 18.5/105 vs 9.6/105 nella zona di controllo). Tale differenza era esclusivamente sostenuta da una maggiore incidenza di cancro tiroideo di istotipo papillare. Nella zona vulcanica i tumori erano più frequentemente multifocali e con estensione extratiroidea (p < 0.01). Gli elementi studiati sono stati trovati ad una concentrazione significativamente maggiore sia nelle acque che nelle urine dei residenti nell area vulcanica, suggerendo la possibilità di una biocontaminazione. In quest area le concentrazioni urinarie di Boro, Molibdeno, Tungsteno e Palladio erano superiori ai valori di riferimento per l Italia in oltre il 20% dei campioni analizzati.
Conclusioni: nell area vulcanica dell Etna, caratterizzata da un elevata incidenza di cancro tiroideo, le concentrazioni di diversi oligoelementi e metalli pesanti sono significativamente aumentate nelle acque e nelle urine dei residenti. Questa associazione è compatibile (ma non dimostra) con una relazione di causa - effetto tra una o più di queste sostanze chimiche di origine vulcanica e il cancro tiroideo
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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