72 research outputs found
Correlation of sleep quality and academic burden in medical students of El Bosque University, Colombia 2019
No full textLa calidad de sueño representa una problemática importante de salud pública debido a la importancia que tiene el descanso para el cuerpo que muchas veces se pasa por alto. En el caso de los estudiantes, se tiene que se adquieren hábitos de vida poco saludables que traen consecuencias sobre su salud física y mental. Para los estudiantes de medicina se piensa en un escenario aún más complejo debido a la fuerte carga académica que tiene la carrera. Por tal motivo el objetivo de esta investigación es la de analizar la correlación de dos variables: la carga académica y su incidencia sobre la calidad y la higiene de los estudiantes. Esto se va a realizar sobre una muestra de estudiantes inscritos en el período 2018-II en la Universidad del Bosque de la ciudad de Bogotá bajo un paradigma de estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo y de corte transversal. Complementario a lo anterior, se emplea el índice de Calidad de Sueño de Pittsburgh sobre la muestra para medir su calidad de sueño. En segundo lugar también se va a indagar sobre la carga académica a partir de los créditos inscritos por el estudiante para poder finalmente contrastar y relacionar estas dos variables.The quality of sleep represents an important public health problem due to the importance of rest for the body that is often overlooked. In the case of students, it is necessary to acquire unhealthy lifestyle habits that have consequences on their physical and mental health. For medical students, an even more complex scenario is thought of due to the strong academic burden of the career. For this reason, the objective of this research is to analyze the correlation of two variables: the academic load and its impact on the quality and hygiene of the students. This is going to be done on a sample of students enrolled in the 2018-II period at the Universidad del Bosque in the city of Bogotá under a descriptive and cross-sectional observational study paradigm. Complementary to the above, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index is used on the sample to measure your sleep quality. Secondly, the academic burden will also be investigated based on the credits registered by the student in order to finally contrast and relate these two variablesInstituto Nacional de Salu
Sobrevida en pacientes receptores de trasplante renal con injerto proveniente de donantes vivos frente a donantes con muerte cerebral – Una revisión sistemática
No full textActualmente el trasplante renal es la segunda terapia de reemplazo renal más usada para el tratamiento de la enfermedad renal crónica en estadio avanzado (ESRD en inglés), después de la terapia dialítica (hemodiálisis y la diálisis peritoneal). En el año 2015, 979.415 personas en Colombia fueron diagnosticadas con enfermedad renal crónica y de ellas, 34.470 requirieron algún tipo de terapia de trasplante renal, siendo la terapia dialítica en el 80% de los casos. No obstante, este tipo de terapia representa una gran carga para el sistema de salud debido a la elevada cantidad de recursos necesarios para la misma, lo cual ha llevado a que la ERC sea catalogada como una enfermedad de alto costo, por lo que en la actualidad se están realizado diversos análisis con el fin de reconocer las variables que optimizan la funcionalidad del trasplante renal buscando evitar retornar a terapias de reemplazo menos costo-efectivas y, a su vez, de mejorar la sobrevida del paciente trasplantado a largo plazo (1, 2, 4, 6). Por esta razón, el objetivo de este trabajo es determinar cuáles son las diferencias en la sobrevida a largo plazo de los pacientes receptores de trasplante renal en función de su procedencia, tanto en donantes vivos como en muerte cerebral.Currently, kidney transplantation is the second most used therapy for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In 2015 there were 79,948 kidney transplants worldwide, 869 transplants were made in Colombia and there are approximately one million people with a diagnosis of CKD in this country, which explains that about 125 patients per million inhabitants use this kind of renal replacement modality. Other therapies that are being used are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, whose cost represents a great burden for the health system and it has made that CKD gets classified as a high-cost disease (1, 2, 4, 6)
SARs-CoV-2 and work-related transmission: Results of a prospective cohort of airport workers, 2020
No full textThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread rapidly around the globe. Even though multiple strategies are available for controlling infectious respiratory diseases, the current approach for managing this pandemic is the prevention of person-to-person transmission. Despite the quarantine strategy, some work positions must remain active, such as airport personnel. Objectives: To identify risk factors for COVID-19 transmission among workers at the El Dorado, Luis Carlos Galán Airport from March to July 2020. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study with workers of the El Dorado International Airport, in Bogotá, Colombia. A sociodemographic questionnaire was for searching for symptoms associated with COVID-19 and other risk factors. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for determining the presence of COVID-19. In order to identify seroconversion, we used an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies. Patients with positive results were followed-up for 21 days. Results: We observed an incidence of infection of 7.9%; most cases were asymptomatic. The main risk factor associated with infection was the duration of daily commute (relative risk 1.02 [95% confidence interval, 1.002–1.041]). Conclusions: We observed asymptomatic infection by COVID-19 among airport workers. Future research should contribute with knowledge for developing strategies that guarantee the protection of airport workers
Determinación de los efectos en la salud de los trabajadores del programa de control de vectores expuestos laboralmente a organoclorados en tres departamentos de Colombia 2013
No full textObjetivo: Evaluar la exposición a plaguicidas organoclorados empleados en salud publica en la población trabajadora del programa de control de vectores en tres regiones de Colombia en 2013.\ud
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el grupo de trabajadores del programa de control de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores -ETV- (coordinadores, técnicos, entomólogos, técnicos y auxiliares) de los departamentos de Meta, Nariño y Risaralda. A todos los participantes se les realizó una entrevista en la cual se recogió, mediante cuestionario, información de las tres variables de muestreo: sociodemográficas, ocupacionales, clínicas y toxicológicas. Se determinaron los niveles de 13 organoclorados en suero mediante cromatografía de gases en el Instituto Nacional de Salud. Se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo y se llevo a cabo un análisis para determinar la distribución de medias entre variables de exposición ocupacional (Ji2 para cualitativas y U de Mann-Whitney para cuantitativas). Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo un análisis multivariado para estimar la asociación controlando por variables de antigüedad, exposición laboral a organoclorados.\ud
Resultados: El reporte de manipulación de insecticidas organoclorados fue del 39,1%. El 100% de los trabajadores que usaron organoclorados refirieron el uso DDT. El 7,5% (n=3) refirieron el uso de Aldrin. Los organoclorados fueron hexaclorbenceno, hexaclorocicloexano, heptacloro, heptaclorepoxi, α-Clordano, 4,4-DDT, 4,4-DDE, β -endosulfan, 2,4- DDT, endosulfan sulfato y mirex. Los organoclorados con niveles pico más altos fueron β-HCH, 4,4- DDT y α –HCH. Los síntomas de mayor presentación fueron: cefalea 28,7%, mareo 29,9%, disminución de fuerza en MMSS 17,2% y síntomas neurosiquiátricos.Salud InteligenteInstituto Nacional de SaludObjective: To assess exposure to organochlorine pesticides used in public health in the working population of the vector borne control programme in three regions of Colombia in 2013.\ud
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the group of workers control program vector borne - ETV- (coordinators, technicians, entomologists, technicians and assistants ) in the departments of Meta, Nariño and Risaralda diseases. All participants underwent an interview in which was collected by questionnaire , information from the three sampling variables : sociodemographic , occupational , clinical and toxicological . Organochlorine 13 levels in serum were determined by gas chromatography in the National Institute of Health . They conducted a descriptive analysis was conducted and an analysis to determine the distribution of means between occupational exposure variables ( Ji2 for qualitative and Mann- Whitney for quantitative ). Subsequently, we conducted a multivariate analysis to estimate the association of variables controlling for age , occupational exposure to organochlorines.\ud
Results: The report handling organochlorine insecticides was 39.1 %. 100 % of workers reported that they used organochlorine DDT use . 7.5% (n = 3 ) reported the use of Aldrin. Organochlorines were hexachlorbenzene, hexachlorocyclohexane, heptachlor, heptaclorepoxi , α - chlordane , 4,4 -DDT , 4,4 -DDE , β - endosulfan , 2,4 - DDT , endosulfan sulfate and mirex. Organochlorines with higher peak levels were β -HCH , 4,4 - DDT and α -HCH. The symptoms of major presentation were headache 28.7 % , dizziness 29.9 % , decreased strength in MMSS 17.2% and neuropsiquiatric 20%
Determination of the effects on health of workers in the vector control program occupationally exposed to organochlorines in three departments of Colombia 2013
No full textObjetivo: Evaluar la exposición a plaguicidas organoclorados empleados en salud publica en la población trabajadora del programa de control de vectores en tres regiones de Colombia en 2013.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el grupo de trabajadores del programa de control de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores -ETV- (coordinadores, técnicos, entomólogos, técnicos y auxiliares) de los departamentos de Meta, Nariño y Risaralda. A todos los participantes se les realizó una entrevista en la cual se recogió, mediante cuestionario, información de las tres variables de muestreo: sociodemográficas, ocupacionales, clínicas y toxicológicas. Se determinaron los niveles de 13 organoclorados en suero mediante cromatografía de gases en el Instituto Nacional de Salud. Se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo y se llevo a cabo un análisis para determinar la distribución de medias entre variables de exposición ocupacional (Ji2 para cualitativas y U de Mann-Whitney para cuantitativas). Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo un análisis multivariado para estimar la asociación controlando por variables de antigüedad, exposición laboral a organoclorados.
Resultados: El reporte de manipulación de insecticidas organoclorados fue del 39,1%. El 100% de los trabajadores que usaron organoclorados refirieron el uso DDT. El 7,5% (n=3) refirieron el uso de Aldrin. Los organoclorados fueron hexaclorbenceno, hexaclorocicloexano, heptacloro, heptaclorepoxi, α-Clordano, 4,4-DDT, 4,4-DDE, β -endosulfan, 2,4- DDT, endosulfan sulfato y mirex. Los organoclorados con niveles pico más altos fueron β-HCH, 4,4- DDT y α –HCH. Los síntomas de mayor presentación fueron: cefalea 28,7%, mareo 29,9%, disminución de fuerza en MMSS 17,2% y síntomas neurosiquiátricos.Objective: To assess exposure to organochlorine pesticides used in public health in the working population of the vector borne control programme in three regions of Colombia in 2013.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the group of workers control program vector borne - ETV- (coordinators, technicians, entomologists, technicians and assistants ) in the departments of Meta, Nariño and Risaralda diseases. All participants underwent an interview in which was collected by questionnaire , information from the three sampling variables : sociodemographic , occupational , clinical and toxicological . Organochlorine 13 levels in serum were determined by gas chromatography in the National Institute of Health . They conducted a descriptive analysis was conducted and an analysis to determine the distribution of means between occupational exposure variables ( Ji2 for qualitative and Mann- Whitney for quantitative ). Subsequently, we conducted a multivariate analysis to estimate the association of variables controlling for age , occupational exposure to organochlorines.
Results: The report handling organochlorine insecticides was 39.1 %. 100 % of workers reported that they used organochlorine DDT use . 7.5% (n = 3 ) reported the use of Aldrin. Organochlorines were hexachlorbenzene, hexachlorocyclohexane, heptachlor, heptaclorepoxi , α - chlordane , 4,4 -DDT , 4,4 -DDE , β - endosulfan , 2,4 - DDT , endosulfan sulfate and mirex. Organochlorines with higher peak levels were β -HCH , 4,4 - DDT and α -HCH. The symptoms of major presentation were headache 28.7 % , dizziness 29.9 % , decreased strength in MMSS 17.2% and neuropsiquiatric 20%.Salud InteligenteInstituto Nacional de Salu
Letter to the editor on “Asymptomatic infection by SARS 2 coronavirus: Invisible but invincible” by Nikolai et al. 2020
No full textWe send this letter regarding the article "Asymptomatic infection by SARS 2
coronavirus: invisible but invincible" published in the International Journal of
Infectious Diseases (Nikolai et al. 2020). The review was interesting in many
aspects, particularly those related to the lack of a widely accepted definition of
asymptomatic carriers and presymptomatic patients, as well as the need to include
these types of cases in regular epidemiological surveillance
Guía de Atención Clínica Integral del paciente con Dengue Guideline for clinical practice care of patients with dengue
No full text
Postbiotics for Preventing and Treating Common Infectious Diseases in Children: A Systematic Review
No full textPostbiotics have recently been tentatively defined as bioactive compounds produced during a fermentation process (including microbial cells, cell constituents and metabolites) that supports health and/or wellbeing. Postbiotics are currently available in some infant formulas and fermented foods. We systematically reviewed evidence on postbiotics for preventing and treating common infectious diseases among children younger than 5 years. The PubMed, Embase, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect databases were searched up to March 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing postbiotics with placebo or no intervention. Seven RCTs involving 1740 children met the inclusion criteria. For therapeutic trials, supplementation with heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LB reduced the duration of diarrhea (4 RCTs, n = 224, mean difference, MD, −20.31 h, 95% CI −27.06 to −13.57). For preventive trials, the pooled results from two RCTs (n = 537) showed that heat-inactivated L. paracasei CBA L74 versus placebo reduced the risk of diarrhea (relative risk, RR, 0.51, 95% CI 0.37-0.71), pharyngitis (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12-0.83) and laryngitis (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.29-0.67). There is limited evidence to recommend the use of specific postbiotics for treating pediatric diarrhea and preventing common infectious diseases among children. Further studies are necessary to determine the effects of different postbiotics.</p
Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textBackground
Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages.
Methods
Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (≥65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0–100 based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UHC effective coverage performance on the basis of pooled health spending per capita, representing UHC effective coverage index levels achieved in 2019 relative to country-level government health spending, prepaid private expenditures, and development assistance for health. To assess current trajectories towards the GPW13 UHC billion target—1 billion more people benefiting from UHC by 2023—we estimated additional population equivalents with UHC effective coverage from 2018 to 2023
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