1,473,120 research outputs found
17.2 A 0.0013mm^2 3.6uW nested-current-mirror single-stage amplifier driving 0.15-to-15nF capacitive loads with >62 phase margin
No full textA 0.012-mm2 0.244-pJ/bit successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter-based true random number generator for Internet of Things applications in a 65-nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor
No full textThis paper proposes a true random number generator (TRNG) based on a successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC). A top-plate sampling SAR ADC structure and a new MSB-isolation switch scheme (MISS) are combined to achieve low-power operation and small area occupancy at the same time. When the SAR ADC has completed its conversion, a secondary firing of the comparator measures the remaining signal. This 1-bit quantized residue serves as the true random sequence, thus eliminating the need for extra circuitry in the TRNG. A 65-nm prototype of the proposed TRNG was found to occupy an area of 0.012 mm2 and successfully passed all the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tests without post-processing. It achieved a figure-of-merit of 0.244 pJ/bit for a 1 Mb/s random sequence with a 0.8-V power supply. Its resilience to power noise injection attacks was also verified
A 28 nm 368 fJ/cycle, 0.43%/V Supply Sensitivity, FLL based RC Oscillator Featuring Positive TC Only Resistors and ΣM Based Trimming
No full textThis Brief presents a process-scaling-friendly frequency-locked-loop (FLL)-based RC oscillator. It features an R-R-C frequency-to-voltage converter that entails resistors with only the same-sign temperature coefficients. Together with a low-leakage switched-capacitor resistor and a delta-sigma-modulator-based trimming, our 71.8-MHz RC oscillator in 28-nm CMOS achieves a frequency inaccuracy of 77.6 ppm/0C, a 0.43%/V supply sensitivity, and an 11-psrms period jitter. The energy efficiency is 368 fJ/cycle
A Single-Branch Third-Order Pole–Zero Low-Pass Filter With 0.014-mm2 Die Size and 0.8-kHz (1.25-nW) to 0.94-GHz (3.99-mW) Bandwidth–Power Scalability
No full textCircuits and systems education: viewpoint of GOLD and industry
No full textThis paper discusses Circuits and Systems (CAS) education, its strengths and shortcomings, and areas that need improvement from the perspective of two GOLD (graduates of the last decade) members and one industry member. The GOLD members highlight the need for hardware experiments, and active education methods such as self-learning-the-theory through practices, and the importance of lab work to relate theory to practice, and also discuss the impact of new emerging technologies on educational reforms, also suggesting ways to get industry involved in the formulation of a new multi-discipline education curriculum. The GOLD members also discuss the impact of globalization on the CAS education in less-developed countries and the role of the IEEE CAS Society on the subject matter. The author from industry discusses the importance of CAS education, and contrary to the general belief, points out the importance of understanding the fundamentals of electrical engineering in industry. The author also discusses the importance of being flexible in a work environment, and establishing a broad knowledge in engineering to have a positive impact in the company.Fil: Tarim, Tuna B.. Texas Instruments; Estados UnidosFil: Di Federico, Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Mak, Pui In. University of Macau; Chin
A 6-to-38Gb/s capture-range bang-bang clock and data recovery circuit with deliberate-current-mismatch frequency detection and interpolation-based multiphase clock generation
No full textThis paper reports a bang-bang clock and data recovery circuit (BBCDR) with an ultra-wide capture range. The circuit exhibits automatic frequency capture and phase locking over a wide 6-to-38 Gb/s range without using a frequency detector, allowed by a recently proposed deliberate-current-mismatch technique. Moreover, we accurately obtain an eight-phase clock through analog interpolation of quadrature signals over the whole wide frequency range by introducing a tunable capacitor array before an inverter-based phase interpolator. A 65-nm prototype of the developed BBCDR occupies an area of 0.07 mm2 and attains a bit error rate of less than 10−12 under a continuously variable input frequency, with a total power consumption of 24.6 mW for a 32-Gb/s non-return-zero input, thus leading to 0.769-pJ/bit energy efficiency
Interactions between lipopolysaccharide and peptide bacteriocin BacSp222 influence their biological activities - research data
No full textThis entry contains a dataset for the publication entitled "Interactions between lipopolysaccharide and peptide bacteriocin BacSp222 influence their biological activities", published in ACS Infectious Diseases https://doi.org/10.1021/acsinfecdis.5c0006
Healthcare prioritization in ageing societies: influence of age, education, health literacy and culture
No full textObjectivesTo examine how Chinese people in Hong Kong view healthcareprioritization and to compare the findings with those from a United Kingdom survey.MethodsA cross-sectional opinion survey was conducted in Hong Kong and 1512 participants were interviewed.ResultsData show that the highest rankings were accorded to “treatment for children” and “high technology services.” Services for the elderly, whether in the community or in hospitals, and including end-of-life care, were ranked among the lowest. This view was also shared by healthcare professionals. Compared with the UK findings, there are stark contrasts in the low ranking of end-of-life care and the high ranking of high technology services among the HK population.ConclusionsIt is evident that most people would give priority to the young over the old in distributing a given amount of healthcare services. To meet the needs of ageing societies and to meet the needs of all users equitably, healthcare policy needs to acknowledge constraints and the needs for prioritization. Both the public and professionals should engage with policy makers in formulating a policy based on cost benefit considerations as well as overall societal view of prioritization that is not based on age alone
Triethanolamine [MAK Value Documentation, 2016]
No full textThe German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the work place (MAK value) of triethanolamine [102‐71‐6], considering the endpoints respiratory tract irritation and developmental toxicity.
Critical effect of triethanolamine is respiratory tract irritation (focal larynx inflammation). The previous MAK value of 5 mg/m3 is based on 5‐day and 28‐day aerosol studies in rats with a LOAEC of 20 mg/m3. A benchmark calculation gives a BMDL05 of 14,1 mg/m3. Since 2014, the Commission uses an empirical approach to set MAK values for substances with critical effects on the upper respiratory tract or the eyes. Based on this approach, a concentration of 4,7 mg/m3 for the work place air can be calculated from this BMDL05. Therefore the MAK value of 5 mg/m3 is retained.
As local effects are critical, Peak Limitation Category I is retained. At an excursion factor of 2, the allowable maximum concentration is still below the BMDL05.
NOAEL for fetotoxicity are 300 mg/kg bw and day in rats and 1125 mg/kg body weight and day in mice . Teratogenicity was not tested. Nevertheless, because the calculated margins between NOAEL and MAK value are very high, and alkylamines lack teratogenicity, there is no reason to fear damage to the embryo or foetus when the MAK value is observed. Therefore, triethanolamine is assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group C
trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluorpropen [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2019]
No full textThe German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) of trans‐1,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropene [29118‐24‐9]. As the blood:air partition coefficient of trans‐1,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropene is < 5, the increased respiratory volume at the workplace (see List of MAK and BAT Values, Sections I b and I c) does not have to be taken into account for the derivation of the MAK value. Even after extrapolation of 6‐hour exposure in the animal experiment to 8‐hour exposure at the workplace, the MAK value for trans‐1,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropene of 1000 ml/m3 can be retained
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