1,720,981 research outputs found
On the use of spatially distributed, time-lapse microgravity surveys to inform hydrological modeling
No full textAnalysis of high streamflow extremes in climate change studies: how do we calibrate hydrological models?
No full textAbstract. Climate change impact studies on hydrological extremes
often rely on hydrological models with parameters inferred through
calibration procedures using observed meteorological data as input forcing.
We show that this procedure can lead to a biased evaluation of the
probability distribution of high streamflow extremes when climate models are
used. As an alternative approach, we introduce a methodology, coined
“Hydrological Calibration of eXtremes” (HyCoX), in which the calibration of
the hydrological model, as driven by climate model output, is carried out
by maximizing the probability that the modeled and observed high streamflow
extremes belong to the same statistical population. The application to the
Adige River catchment (southeastern Alps, Italy) by means of HYPERstreamHS,
a distributed hydrological model, showed that this procedure preserves
statistical coherence and produces reliable quantiles of the annual maximum
streamflow to be used in assessment studies.
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Hydrogeophysical characterization and monitoring of the hyporheic and riparian zones: The Vermigliana Creek case study
No full textSoil-plant interaction monitoring: Small scale example of an apple orchard in Trentino, North-Eastern Italy
No full textReducing hydrological modelling uncertainty by using MODIS snow cover data and a topography-based distribution function snowmelt model
Full text linkThis work introduces a general multi-objective parameter estimation framework to exploit MODIS-based snow cover maps to reduce predictive streamflow uncertainty in snow-dominated catchments. The well-known GLUE methodology is applied with a multi-objective approach, combining streamflow observations recorded at the outlet section and satellite-derived snow cover maps, aggregated to fractional values of the catchment area. The hydrological model used in this study includes a snowpack routine which exploits a statistical representation of the distribution of clear sky potential solar radiation - a significant advantage when parameter sensitivity and uncertainty estimation procedures are carried out. The study provides an assessment of this approach based on operational quality data from two medium-size mountainous basins (a nested one included in a larger parent basin) located in the eastern Italian Alps. The nested basin is considered as ungauged, thus allowing a spatial assessment of the multi-objective approach. Results show a positive feedback between streamflow and snow cover area likelihoods, highlighted by means of the Pareto plot. Moreover, a better identifiability of the parameters driving snowmelt rate is found and consequently a shrink of the predictive streamflow uncertainty is observed. A containing ratio of 0.54 and a mean sharpness of 0.11 are found at the outlet of the parent basin, while a containing ratio equal to 0.65 and a mean sharpness equal to 0.17 are estimated at the nested basin, used as a validation test. These results confirm the potential of MODIS snow cover maps as additional data to inform hydrological models leading to more reliable and sharper streamflow simulations. This approach might be also appealing when streamflow simulations are required for ungauged basins
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
HYPERStream: Un innovativo schema di routing per la modellazione idrologica a grande scala
No full textIl presente volume digitale ad accesso libero (licenza Creative Commons 4.0) raccoglie le memorie brevi pervenute al Comitato Scientifico di IDRA16 ed accettate per la presentazione al convegno a valle di un processo di revisione tra pari. Il volume articola dette memorie in sette macro-tematiche, che costituiscono i capitoli del volume stesso: I. meccanica dei fluidi; II. ambiente marittimo e costiero; III. criteri, metodi e modelli per l’analisi dei processi idrologici e la gestione delle acque; IV. gestione e tutela dei corpi idrici e degli ecosistemi; V. valutazione e mitigazione del rischio idrologico e idraulico; VI. dinamiche acqua-società: sviluppo sostenibile e gestione del territorio; VII. monitoraggio, open-data e software libero. Ciascuna macro-tematica raggruppa più sessioni specialistiche autonome sviluppatesi in parallelo durante le giornate del Convegno, i cui titoli vengono richiamati all’interno del presente volume. La vastità e la diversità delle tematiche affrontate, che ben rappresentano la complessità delle numerose sfide dell’Ingegneria delle Acque, appaiono evidenti dalla consultazione dell’insieme di memorie brevi presentate
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