124,736 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
FIGURE 4. Agistemus mendozensis Simons, 1967 in Stigmaeid mites (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from vineyards in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
No full textFIGURE 4. Agistemus mendozensis Simons, 1967 (female). A: dorsum; B: palp; C: anogenital region ventrally; D: legs I and II in dorsal view.Published as part of Johann, Liana, Carvalho, Gervásio Silva, Majolo, Fernanda & Ferla, Noeli Juarez, 2013, Stigmaeid mites (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from vineyards in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, pp. 238-256 in Zootaxa 3701 (2) on page 245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/22293
Procedimentos Operacionais Padrão (POPs) para o Laboratório de Entomologia da Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental.
No full textO objetivo deste documento é orientar quanto ao uso do Laboratório de Entomologia da Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, que realiza pesquisas com insetos benéficos (polinizadores e inimigos naturais) e pragas, associados a cultivos agrícolas e florestais no estado do Amazonas. O laboratório também recebe alunos de graduação e pós-graduação para estágios obrigatórios e em projetos e alunos de escolas públicas e privadas para programas específicos de divulgação e popularização da ciência.OD
FIGURE 3. Agistemus floridanus Gonzales, 1965 in Stigmaeid mites (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from vineyards in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
No full textFIGURE 3. Agistemus floridanus Gonzales, 1965 (female). A: dorsum; B: palp; C: anogenital region ventrally; D: legs I and II in dorsal view.Published as part of Johann, Liana, Carvalho, Gervásio Silva, Majolo, Fernanda & Ferla, Noeli Juarez, 2013, Stigmaeid mites (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from vineyards in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, pp. 238-256 in Zootaxa 3701 (2) on page 243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/22293
Male social bonds and rank predict supporter selection in cooperative aggression in wild Barbary macaques
No full textCooperation in coalitions against coresident males has been shown to increase male reproductive success directly via increased mating success (levelling coalitions) or indirectly via increased dominance success (rank-changing coalitions). Two mechanisms guiding coalitionary supporter selection have been proposed. First, supporter selection may depend on the supporters available, whereby an animal chooses the highest ranking supporter present to maximize their chance of winning. Second, males may also select supporters based on the strength of the social bond they share with them. Different studies on male Barbary macaques, Macaca sylvanus, have produced support for both mechanisms but crucial assumptions and predictions remained untested. The aim of this study was to test predictions derived for both mechanisms after establishing whether Barbary macaque males formed social bonds. We observed two wild groups of macaques in Morocco (>2000 h focal animal data) and recorded the identity of males recruited to join a coalition, of all bystanders, and of the coalitionary target. We demonstrate for the first time that male Barbary macaques formed strong, equitable social bonds that were stable for 2 years. Corroborating earlier studies we found that males selected supporters by more than one criterion, namely by the strength of their social bonds to the potential ally and by their dominance rank position among potential supporters. The animals who received recruitment signals were more likely to reject the recruitment invitation the weaker their social bond to the recruiter was and if the target was higher ranking than the recruiter. In a subset in which we examined only levelling coalitions that would flatten the mating skew, males only used the mechanism that would maximize the feasibility of the coalition by more frequently selecting the highest ranked bystander. These results suggest that males flexibly apply different criteria for supporter selection depending on the context of the conflict
The effect of climatic factors on the activity budgets of Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvanus)
No full textClimatic conditions can significantly affect the behavior of animals and constrain their activity or geographic distribution. Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) are one of the few primates that live outside the tropics. Here we analyze if and how the activity budgets of Barbary macaques are affected by climatic variables, i.e., air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and snow coverage. We collected scan sampling data on the activity budgets of four groups of macaques living in the Middle Atlas Mountains of Morocco from June 2008 to January 2011. This habitat is characterized by extreme seasonal changes, from cold and snowy winters to hot and dry summers. The activity budgets of the macaques differed across months but not across the time of day (with the exception of time spent feeding). The monkeys spent significantly more time feeding or foraging when there was no snow than when snow coverage was moderate or major. Daily rainfall was positively related to resting time and negatively to time spent moving or in social behavior. Air temperature was negatively related to time spent feeding or foraging. Finally, time spent on social behavior was significantly lower when relative humidity was high. These data indicate that environmental factors significantly affect the time budgets of endangered Barbary macaques, a species that has been little studied in the wild. Our findings support previous studies on temperate primates in showing that snow coverage can have negative consequences on the feeding ecology and survival of these species
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
Atividade antibacteriana "in vitro" de diferentes acessos de urucum (Bixa orellana L.) e sua relação com o teor de bixina presente nas sementes.
No full textEste trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade bacteriostática/inibição e bactericida/inativação "in vitro" de extratos hidroetanólicos e hídricos (decoctos e infusos), obtidos de diferentes acessos de sementes de B. orellana L. (urucum) originários dos municípios de Arroio do Meio (RS), Eldorado do Sul (RS) e Maringá (PR) frente a agentes bacterianos padrões internacionais de interesse de alimentos, respectivamente Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis e Listeria monocytogenes
Dr. Edwin Wright Collection: Author Unknown
No full textNotes - The author relates several short stories about his neighbours including Alex McDonell, homesteading and life around Meanook and Athabasca (1 page
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