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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Smuggling Drugs and Psychotropic Substances in Containerized Shipments to European Union Seaports on the Example of Cocaine
No full textCelem artykułu jest zbadanie zjawiska współczesnych metod przemytu środków odurzających i substancji psychotropowych do Unii Europejskiej na przykładzie kokainy z wykorzystaniem morskich przesyłek skonteneryzowanych, ze szczególnym zwróceniem uwagi na metody typu rip-on/rip-off, która odgrywa kluczową rolę w transporcie kokainy z państw Ameryki Łacińskiej. Autor wykorzystał materiały i opracowania pozyskane w trakcie współpracy ze służbami zwalczającymi przestępczość narkotykową w największych portach morskich UE, takich jak: Rotterdam (Królestwo Niderlandów), Antwerpia (Belgia), Hawr (Francja) oraz Hamburg (Niemcy) w latach 2019–2020. Artykuł odpowiada na problem badawczy zawarty w pytaniu, jakie prawidłowości decydują o tym, że przesyłki skonteneryzowane i metoda przemytu rip-on/rip-off w transporcie morskim są najczęściej wykorzystywane przez międzynarodowe grupy przestępcze w aspekcie przemytu środków i substancji odurzających do portów morskich Unii Europejskiej. W artykule wykorzystano metodę analizy krytycznej (opracowań, raportów, artykułów naukowych, literatury przedmiotu oraz materiałów ze spotkań w ramach projektu UE Customs 2020). Autor przedstawia trzy główne tezy, które w jego ocenie przyczyniają się do wyboru tej metody: niskie koszty transportu przesyłek skonteneryzowanych, masowość, łatwość dostępu, niewielki odsetek szczegółowo przeprowadzanych kontroli podejmowanych przez służby graniczne, niedostateczne zabezpieczenie infrastruktury portowej w Ameryce Łacińskiej, ogólny dostęp do plomb spedycyjnych oraz łatwość ich sfałszowania. Artykuł jest uzupełnieniem literatury przedmiotu w kwestii sposobów przemytu środków odurzających do Unii Europejskiej.The aim of this article is to present the case on modern methods of smuggling narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances to the European Union. There is particular emphasis on rip-on / rip-off methods, which play a key role in transporting cocaine from Latin American countries via containerized sea shipments. The author used materials and studies obtained through extensive research with the services working to combat drug crime at the largest seaports in the European Union, namely: Rotterdam (Netherlands), Antwerp (Belgium), Le Havre (France), and Hamburg (Germany) in 2019-2020. The article addresses the research problem of smuggling via maritime transport, most often used by international criminal groups to trafficking narcotic substances to the European Union. The paper presents the method of critical analysis (studies, reports, scientific articles, literature on the subject, and materials from meetings under the EU Customs 2020 project). The author presents three main theses which, in his opinion, contribute to the choice of the method: low transport costs of containerized shipments, mass volume, ease of access, a small percentage of detailed checks conducted by border services, insufficient security of port infrastructure in Latin America, unrestricted access to seals forwarding, and the ease of falsification. This article supplements the literature on the subject of the methods of drug smuggling into the European Union
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Beginnings of the production of aircraft engines in the Second Republic of Poland (1921-1926)
No full textUsing, as an example, the activities of the French-Polish Car and Aircraft Works (Frankopol), the author
presented difficulties which a modern defence industry of the Second Republic of Poland had to face with. The
main objective of the company created in 1921 was to start the production of aircraft engines and to construct
aircraft for the organised military aviation. In spite of very favourable financial terms that Frankopol received
from the Ministry of Military Affairs, the company did not manage to fulfil the assignment that it was given. The
reason were financial scandals accompanying the activities of Frankopol, as well as commercial agreements that
Poland concluded with France giving it the most favoured nation clause. It was an opportunity for the foreign
capital for abuse and profiteering, which caused the waste of a considerable part of state funds.
Military authorities were not free from blame because they did not always consider technological and financial
possibilities of the national industry with reference to the plans of army modernisation and its tasks. The
expectations connected with the newly-built aircraft industry with the participation of foreign companies serve
as a good example
Początki produkcji silników lotniczych w II Rzeczypospolitej (1921-1926).
No full textUsing, as an example, the activities of the French-Polish Car and Aircraft Works (Frankopol), the author presented difficulties which a modem defence industry of the Second Republic of Poland had to face with. The main objective of the company created in 1921 was to start the production of aircraft engines and to constmct aircraft for the organised military aviation. In spite of very favourable fmancial terms that Frankopol received from the Ministry of Military Affairs, the company did not manage to fulfil the assignment that it was given. The reason were fmancial scandals accompanying the activities of Frankopol, as well as commercial agreements that Poland concluded with France giving it the most favoured nation clause. It was an opportunity for the foreign Capital for abuse and profrteering, which caused the W a -ste of a considerable part of State funds.Military authorities were not free from blame because they did not always consider technologicaland fmancial possibilities of the national industry with reference to the plans of army modemisation and its tasks. The expectations connected with the newly-built aircraft industry with the participation of foreign companies serve as a good example
Druga próba uruchomienia produkcji silników lotniczych Polskie Zakłady SŠkody (1926–1935).
No full textDissolution of the agreements with the French-Polish Aircraft and Automobile Plantsresulted in calling a competition for the start up of production of aircraft engines in Poland. Among the received offers, the military command selected the project of the Czech-Slovak concern of Škoda. Initially, the aircraft driving motors were manufactured according to French, English, and American licences, and in 1928, our native constructions were designed. At the outset, it was the 7-cylinder engine of 100 horsepower “Czarny Piotruś” G-594, then it was the G-760 of 260 horsepower. In the subsequent years, G-1620 “Mors” (340 HP) and “Foka” (420 HP) were created. The author of those designs was Stanisław Nowkuński together with the team including: Witold Łoziński, Jan Oderfeld, Włodzimierz Strzeszewski, and Ludwik Bełkowski.The production of aircraft engines on the territory of Poland, however, encountereda number of obstacles, such as the lack of tradition of machine building industry, and alsothe emergence of a whole chain of cooperation bonds. In 1926–1935, the Polish Škoda Plants tried to get in contact with the State Aircraft Plants, the steel works: “Bismarck”, Królewska”, “Pokój”, foundries: “Mieszczański” and “Babitt”. The experiments carried out with coloured metals usually ended with failure. Therefore, the production of the basic parts was entrusted to foreign firms: Lorraine-Dietrich in Louneville, Škoda in Plzen and in Mlada Boleslav, Gnôme-Rhône, High Dutty All., Pratt & Whitney. The military command was not satisfied with that cooperation due to the higher costs of production.Another reason of discrepancy between the military command and the Polish ŠkodaPlants were the capital connections of the Czech-Slovak concern, and establishing direct relationships, both economic, political, and especially military with the soviet government. The final elimination of the Czech-Slovak agency from the war industry of the 2nd Republic occurred on May 6th, 1935, and the Polish Škoda Plants were merged into the concern of the State Aircraft Plants
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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