199,382 research outputs found
Association between patient and general practice characteristics and unplanned first-time admissions for cancer: observational study.
No full textBACKGROUND: To identify patient and general practice (GP) characteristics associated with emergency (unplanned) first admissions for cancer in secondary care. METHODS: Patients who had a first-time admission with a primary diagnosis of cancer during 2007/08 to 2009/10 were identified from administrative hospital data. We modelled the associations between the odds of these admissions being unplanned and various patient and GP practice characteristics using national data sets, including the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF). RESULTS: There were 639,064 patients with a first-time admission for cancer, with 139,351 unplanned, from 7957 GP practices. The unplanned proportion ranged from 13.9% (patients aged 15-44 years) to 44.9% (patients aged 85 years and older, P<0.0001), with large variation by ethnicity (highest in Asians), deprivation, rurality and cancer type. In unadjusted analyses, all included patient and practice-level variables were statistically significant predictors of the admissions being unplanned. After adjustment, patient area-level deprivation was a key factor (most deprived compared with least deprived quintile OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.32-1.40). Higher total QOF performance protected against unplanned admission (OR 0.94 per 100 points; 95% CI 0.91-0.97); having no GPs with a UK primary medical qualification (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.11) and being less able to offer appointments within 48 h were associated with higher odds. CONCLUSION: We have identified some patient and practice characteristics associated with a first-time admission for cancer being unplanned. The former could be used to help identify patients at high risk, while the latter raise questions about the role of practice organisation and staff training
General practice in England: the current crisis, opportunities, and challenges
No full textGeneral practice or family medicine has historically been lauded as the "jewel in the crown" of the English National Health Service (NHS) (M. Marshall, 2015). General practice, at the heart of primary care, has continued to contribute to the high ranking of the NHS in international comparisons (M. S. Razai & A. Majeed, 2021) and evidence from several decades of research has shown that general practice in the UK has improved the nation's health (Royal College of General Practitioners, 2013). Furthermore, it has provided equitable, cost-effective, and accessible care for all with the flexibility to adapt rapidly to a changing society and political climates, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic when there was rapid implementation of remote consultation models (Royal College of General Practitioners, 2013). However, this much-admired public sector service has recently come under unprecedented political and media spotlight instigated by the pressures of the current pandemic on the NHS (M. S. Razai & A. Majeed, 2021). This coupled with collapsing morale among general practitioners (GPs), a shrinking GP workforce, inexorable demands, increasing workload, and decreasing real-terms per capita funding have caused many to sound alarm on a general practice in "crisis" (C. Gerada, 2021). In this article, we describe the evolving nature of general practice and the current crisis, as well as potential solutions and opportunities going forward
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
Developing Effective Leadership in Small Businesses: Identifying Key Contextual Factors
No full textLeadership research has placed greater emphasis on motivational processes to the detriment of other understudied mechanisms, namely situational variables and contextual factors in light of follower readiness. Understanding and being able to interpret contextual factors is an important tool in leading and managing the internal dynamics of small teams at different levels, to further our understanding of small groups in relation to their surroundings. This qualitative and exploratory research explored the contextual factors that could be considered in the leadership process for effective leadership among Ghanaian small businesses. The study adopted a multiple-case study strategy using a purposive-homogeneous sample of thirty staff from ten small businesses and analyzed primary data from semi-structured interviews through latent thematic analysis and the Gioia technique as an analytical path and presented the results descriptively. This chapter concludes that family ties, cultural, and religious factors are key contextual factors that need to be considered in the leadership process for effective leadership when managing small teams, as managers find these factors very difficult to manage. This finding will provide a practical guide for small business leaders, managers, and practitioners to understand the contextual factors that could be considered in the leadership process for effective leadership and to deal with them appropriately when they surface
Assessment of Exploited Stock and Management Implications of Tiger Tooth Croaker (Otolithes ruber) in Coastal Waters of Makran, Pakistan
No full textPakistan’s marine fishing industry is crucial to the country’s economy, generating employment opportunities and foreign revenue. It produces 80% of the country’s total fish production. Otolithes ruber is a commercially important fish on the Makran coast of Pakistan, contributing significantly to the region’s croaker fisheries. This study is the first to apply three length-based approaches for assessing the stock status of O. ruber in the Makran coast: (1) TropFishR to estimate the mortality, growth parameters, and current exploitation status, reference points based on the yield per recruitment model, (2) the length-based Bayesian biomass method (LBB) to calculate stock biomass, and (3) the length-based spawning potential ratio (LBSPR) to estimate the spawning potential ratio. The length–weight relationship of Otolithes ruber was a positive allometric pattern (b = 3.28; R2 = 0.94). Growth parameters for Otolithes ruber were L∞ = 55.47 cm, K = 0.50 year−1. The calculated total mortality rate (Z), natural mortality (M), and fishing mortality (F) were 2.27 year−1, 0.67 year−1, and 1.6 year−1, respectively. The exploitation rate (E) was 0.70, indicating severe overexploitation. The current length at first capture (Lc50) = 27.37 cm was lower than that at first maturity (Lm50) = 30.75 cm, indicating growth overfishing. The current spawning potential ratio (8%) was lower than the optimal value (40%), indicating recruitment overfishing. The current biomass, concerning virgin biomass B/Bo, was also 8%, resulting in a 92% stock decline. We recommend reducing the exploitation pressure by limiting the commercial catch to an optimum length range of 34.5–42.2 cm and reducing fishing pressure by 40% to ensure sustainable fishery management
Assessment of Exploited Stock and Management Implications of Kingfish (Scomberomorus commerson) in the Omani Waters
No full textThe high demand and economic value of kingfish (Scomberomorus commerson) have led to intensive fishing of this species in the Omani waters. The increased fishing pressure has made the fishery vulnerable; hence, information on the current stock status is essential for the sustainability of the kingfish stock. Three length-based stock assessment approaches (TropFishR, spawning potential ratio, and Bayesian biomass method) were used to estimate growth, mortality, exploitation, spawning potential capacity, and relative biomass in relation to maximum sustainable yield (MSY). Asymptotic length (L∞) was 186.31 cm, and the growth coefficient (K) was 0.15 yr−1 for S. commerson. Fishing mortality was 0.45 yr−1, which was higher than natural mortality (M = 0.18 yr−1) and optimal fishing mortalities (F40% = 0.15 yr−1). The exploitation rate (E) was found to be 0.71 yr−1, higher than the optimum exploitation (E = 0.50), indicating a total overfishing of 42% of the S. commerson in Oman waters. The current length at first capture (Lc50 = 74.38 cm) was significantly smaller than the length at first maturity (Lm50 = 91.25 cm), indicating growth overfishing. The current spawning potential ratio (SPR) was 10%, which was significantly below the reference point (SPR = 20%), indicating that the stock was severely overfished. Biomass was critically low (B/Bo = 0.17), and lower than the reference point of 0.20. Additionally, the current biomass was 44% of Bmsy (B/Bmsy = 0.44), which is significantly lower than the reference point of 1, indicating that the stock biomass was below the maximum sustainable yield level, suggesting recruitment overfishing. Stock indicators revealed that the fishery was primarily targeting immature/juvenile fish, as well as older and larger fish, which indicated stocks were both growth- and recruitment-overfished. Therefore, carrying out commercial fishing for an optimum size range (118 to 144 cm) and reducing fishing pressure to a sustainable level (F = M, 0.18 yr−1) would sustain a healthy stock biomass of kingfish in Omani waters.11Ysciescopu
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
- …
