61 research outputs found
Synthesis and isolation of nanocellulose from bacteria Gluconacetobacter xylinus
No full textMagistrska naloga zajema izolacijo, sintezo ter karakterizacijo bakterijske nanoceluloze. V prvem delu magistrske naloge smo se osredotočili na pripravo rastnega medija in različnih produkcijskih gojišč ter gojenje bakterije Gluconacetobacter xylinus. V drugem delu smo najprej izolirali bakterijsko nanocelulozo (BNC) iz produkcijskega gojišča z kalcijevim karbonatom ter produkcijskega gojišča s citronsko kislino z obdelavo z natrijevim hidroksidom (NaOH). Na koncu smo oba vzorca BNC karakterizirali z različnimi analiznimi metodami. Z metodami FTIR, SEM in EDS smo dokazali, da sta oba vzorca vsebovala celulozo. Z metodo EDS/DLS pa smo dokazali, da je BNC pridobljena iz medija s citronsko kislino bolj temperaturno obstojna, prav tako se je v tem mediju sintetiziralo največ BNC.The master\u27s thesis involves the isolation, synthesis and characterization of bacterial nanocellulose. The first part of the master\u27s thesis is focused on the preparation of growth medium and various production media and the cultivation of the bacterium Gluconacetobacter xylinus. In the second part, the isolation of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) from the calcium carbonate production medium, and the production medium with citric acid by treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was described. In the end, both BNC samples were characterized by different analytical methods. With the FTIR, SEM and EDX methods was demonstrated that both samples contained cellulose. However, with the EDX/DLS method was observed that BNC obtained from the medium with citric acid is more temperature resistant, and also more BNC have been produced in this medium
{CFM}: {Confinement} {Force} {Microscopy}-a dynamic, precise and stable microconfiner for traction force microscopy in spatial confinement
No full textIn vivo, cells experience complex tissue environments with various chemical and physical features. They sense and respond to tissue morphology and mechanical properties and adjust their behavior and function based on the surrounding. In contrast to the free environment experienced on 2D substrates commonly used in research, the 3D natural environment represents a major physical obstacle for cells. Here, cells are usually confined either by the extracellular matrix (ECM) or neighboring cells. The importance of such confinements has been demon-strated in the past decades by showing its influence on cell decision-making in many vital biological processes such as migration, division and cytoskeletal reorganization. Despite these insights, the sheer level of complexity faced when studying cell biological questions in biomimetic confined situations, led to an indispensable need for a 3D system which can simulate the in vivo confined condition, while being capable of providing microenvironments with different chemical and physical properties for the cells and capturing the mechanical forces and properties of the studied biological sample. Here we introduce a microconfiner that finally provides a new imaging capacity, namely the confine-ment force microscopy (CFM). We are able to adjust the confinement level in real time during microscopy while measuring not only the the cellular traction but also the cellular compression forces. Furthermore, the chemical and physical properties of the microenvironment can be optimized for the respective questions. We demonstrate the power of this confinement system by the mechanical response of cells, migration analysis of immune cells, the timed force generation during durotaxis driven adhesion switching and the viscoelastic properties of cancer tissue
Qu’importe donc l'ivresse tant qu'on a le breuvage : fermentation, tempérance et rituel chez les Matis d'Amazonie brésilienne
No full textThe variety of intoxication does not matter ; the important thing is the beverage : fermentation, temperance and ritual among the Matis (a tribe from the amazonian region of Brazil)
The author underlines the contrast between the soberness of the Matis and the importance they grant to the drinks whose choice is linked to the ritual environment and which accompany the essential actions of life. Maize from which they make beer is an anthropomorphic plant entering the social game in a different way according to the sex. For the author, the symbolic preeminence of maize among the Matis is part of the Andean cultural context.L'auteur souligne le contraste entre la sobriété des Matis et l'importance qu'ils accordent aux boissons dont le choix est lié au cadre rituel et qui accompagnent les actes essentiels de la vie. Le maïs dont on tire la bière est une plante anthropomorphique entrant dans le jeu social de manière différenciée suivant les sexes. L'auteur replace la prééminence symbolique du maïs chez les Matis dans l'ensemble culturel andin.Erikson Philippe. Qu’importe donc l'ivresse tant qu'on a le breuvage : fermentation, tempérance et rituel chez les Matis d'Amazonie brésilienne. In: Cahiers de sociologie économique et culturelle, n°18, 1992. pp. 89-97
How to manage your translation projects -- 1
No full textTranslation project management is a topic of interest for both project managers and freelance translators alike. What information is used to prepare an accurate quote? Why is scheduling so essential in some situations? How do you guarantee that a project will be profitable? How do you recruit the right resources? What is expected from each person? The author suggests a practical approach, based on an analysis of the project life cycle, to answer these crucial questions amongst others, focusing on the particular areas that require attention in order to best complete a translation project.Translation of the French book: Comment gérer vos projets de traduction. Nancy Matis ©Edi.pro 2010info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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No full textIn the vertebrate central nervous system, exploratory filopodia transiently form on dendritic branches to sample the neuronal environment and initiate new trans-neuronal contacts. While much is known about the molecules that control filopodia extension and subsequent maturation into functional synapses, the mechanisms that regulate initiation of these dynamic, actin-rich structures have remained elusive. Here, we find that filopodia initiation is suppressed by recruitment of ArhGAP44 to actin-patches that seed filopodia. Recruitment is mediated by binding of a membrane curvature-sensing ArhGAP44 N-BAR domain to plasma membrane sections that were deformed inward by acto-myosin mediated contractile forces. A GAP domain in ArhGAP44 triggers local Rac-GTP hydrolysis, thus reducing actin polymerization required for filopodia formation. Additionally, ArhGAP44 expression increases during neuronal development, concurrent with a decrease in the rate of filopodia formation. Together, our data reveals a local auto-regulatory mechanism that limits initiation of filopodia via protein recruitment to nanoscale membrane deformations
Polarized trafficking provides spatial cues for planar cell polarization within a tissue
No full textStructural Optimization of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade: The Smart Rotor Case
No full textThe main purpose of this project was the creation of a tool, based on the research performed by Scheldbergen [25] and Roscher [24], capable of performing Finite Element Analysis (FEA) on a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) blade and minimize its weight by altering the various thicknesses locally, always satisfying a number of structural constraints. The first goal was the development of a geometry creation algorithm based on a Non Uniform Rational Basis Splines (NURBS) algorithm developed by Ferede [14], with a more complex spanwise/chordwise discretization technique in order to more accurately design a discretized HAWT blade. The second goal was the alteration of the material creation algorithm developed by Scheldbergen [25], so that different stacks at various blade locations can be assigned. Moreover, the aerodynamic loads generation algorithm of Scheldbergen [25] was modified to apply for different airfoils along the blade span. Also, Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory was used for the calculation of the aerodynamic loads and the software XFOIL was used for the aerodynamic analysis of the airfoils (pressure distribution on the airfoil at corresponding angles of attack and Re numbers). An initial HAWT blade design was created, matching the SANDIA 5 MW wind turbine blade [23] geometry and materials. Furthermore, the apwise/edgewise stiffness, moments of inertia, mass and mode shapes were also validated. Additionally, the SANDIA blade was analyzed in DNV GL Bladed in order to validate the aerodynamic loads on the blade. Following, the tool was designed to process the geometry, the materials and the gravitational/ centrifugal/aerodynamic loads of the blade and translate them to an input for the FEA software MSC Nastran for Linear Static Analysis (SOL 101), Buckling Analysis (SOL 105) and Modal Analysis (SOL 103). The post processing algorithm of Scheldbergen [25] was modified to apply for a HAWT (instead of a VAWT), transforming the results of the FEA analysis into optimization constraints (ultimate load, buckling, tip deflection and fatigue). The final part of the algorithm involved the minimization of the blade's mass by altering the thickness at various locations, using the MATLAB function fmincon. Concluding, a case study of a smart rotor blade equipped with trailing edge ap (TRF) was examined. A _ 2 flap was used at 90-100% of the chord and 78-98% of the span. Two kinds of optimization were performed for the HAWT and smart rotor scenarios; one that included ultimate stress, tip deflection and fatigue constraints (UL-TD-FA) and one that also included buckling constraints (UL-BU-TD-FA). It was found that the buckling constraint was the limiting factor of the optimization and the fatigue constraint was the least dominant. The initial design of the smart rotor blade showed a 16.5% decrease of the maximum fatigue damage and a 2% decrease in the maximum stress. The optimized smart rotor blade mass was 0.5 % lower in the UL-TD-FA scenario and 2.5% in the UL-BU-TD-FA scenario compared to the HAWT blade. The tool created is capable of creating a flexible and fairly accurate representation of a HAWT and smart rotor blade. It also provides the ability to structurally analyze the blade under the most significant structural criteria and minimize the blade's weight under specific loading conditions. The tool constitutes a good starting point for more detailed structural analysis of smart rotors and more complex structural optimization of HAWT and smart rotor blades.Aerospace Engineerin
Marketing plan based on AS B-plast
No full textKäesoleva lõputöö eesmärk oli luua turundusplaan AS B-plast näitel. Selleks viidi läbi nii mikro- kui makrokeskkonna analüüs, tegevusharu-, konkurentsi- ja kliendianalüüs. Esimeses peatükis käsitleti teoreetiliselt turunduse strateegilist planeerimist Teine peatükk keskendus käesoleva lõputöö põhiosaks olevale turundusplaani loomisele. Esmalt tutvustati nii ettevõtet, kui tema majandusnäitajaid, samuti põhiteenust, teenussegmente ja tootmisvõimekust. Järgnevalt avas autor käesoleva töö mõistmiseks esmavajaliku – AS B-plast situatsioonianalüüsi. Viimane koosnes alljärgnevatest osadest: mikro- ja makrokeskkonna analüüs, tegevusharu analüüs, konkurentsianalüüs. Edasi toodi välja ettevõtte sisekeskkonna analüüs, mis käsitles ettevõtte tänaseid tugevusi ja nõrkusi ning sellest tulenevalt ohte ja võimalusi. Järgnevaks sõnastati ettevõtte 2015 aasta eesmärgid, sõnastati turunduseesmärgid ja määrati strateegiad, koostati turunduseelarve ja sõnastati turundusmeetmestik. Kõige kandvamaks osaks peab autor ettevõtte tegevuse omapärast ja teoreetilistest andmetest lähtuvalt turundusmeetmestiku tegevuskava ja eelarvet. Nimelt, on antud ettevõtte tegevusvaldkonnaks B2B valdkonnas plasti survevalutoodete valmistamise teenus allhanke korras. Kogu turunduse eesmärk on tagada uute klientide juurdevool ja vanade säilimine. Ettevõte ei soovi hetkel laieneda otse lõppkliendi varustamisele omatoodetega ega laiemalt omatoodete arendamisele. Sellest tulenevalt lähtub kogu strateegiline ja taktikaline turundus ning selle loogiliseks lõpptulemiks olev turundusplaan. Uute klientide leidmise kõige efektiivsemaks meetodiks leidis autor olevat kontaktreiside korraldamist ja välismessidel osalemist. Ning antud kontaktide realiseerimiseks kliendikülastuste läbiviimist. Nende mõlemi vahetuks osaks on kodulehe ja müügimeeskonna ettevalmistus uute turgude ja klienditdega suhtlemiseks. Käesolev lõputöö pakub lihtsustatud tegevuskava ühe väikeettevõtte turundustegevuste elluviimiseks ja seeläbi majandustegevuse laiendamist läbi uute klientide leidmise.The purpose of the final paper at hand was to create a marketing plan for AS B-plast. To accomplish this micro- as well as macro environment analysis, industry-, contest- and client analysis were conducted. In the first chapter the author dealt with the strategic planning of the theoretical marketing. The second chapter concentrated on the bulk of the final paper at hand – to create a marketing plan. At first the author introduced the company as well as its economic indicators, also its essential service, service segments and production capability. Then the author opened the primary necessity for understanding the paper at hand – the situation analysis of AS B-plast. The situation analysis consisted of the next sections: micro- and macro environment analysis, industry analysis, contest analysis. Next the indoor environment analysis of the company was elicited, which dealt with the company’s strengths and weaknesses of today and consequently the dangers and possibilities. Following that the author phrased the objectives of the company for the year 2015 – marketing objectives and strategies were set out, marketing budget was drafted and a package plan for marketing was laid down. The author considers the prime parts to be, based on the the company’s distinctive business features and theoretical data, the action plan and budget for the marketing package plan. Namely, the operating area of the company is the production of plastic items by injection moulding in the B2B field as a subcontractor. The whole aim of the marketing is to assure the inflow of new clients and the preservation of old ones. The company does not want to expand to directly supplying its production to the ultimate costumer nor to the wider promotion of its production. Consequently the whole strategic and tactical marketing and its logical outcome – the marketing plan is based on this objective. The most effective method, what the author found, to find new costumers was participating in foreign exhibitions. And to realize these contacts by conducting costumer visits. The direct part of the method is the preparation of the home page and sales team for the communication with new markets and costumers. The final paper at hand presents a simplified plan of action for the implementation of one small company’s marketing activity and through that the enlargement of economic activities through finding new costumers
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