1,720,989 research outputs found
Leveraging Domain Knowledge to Improve Microscopy Image Segmentation With Lifted Multicuts
No full textBiologie cellulaire et rôle au cours du développement d'Arabidopsis thaliana des trans-acting small interfering RNA produits par TAS3
No full textL'interférence ARN est un ensemble de mécanismes de régulation essentiel pour denombreux processus au cours du développement. Ces mécanismes sont caractérisés par lʼinhibition séquence-spécifique de lʼexpression de gènes via lʼaction de petites molécules dʼARN. Parmi les différentes voies de l'interférence ARN, la voie des trans-acting siRNAs dérivés du précurseurTAS3,qui combine des caractéristiques des voies des miRNAs et siRNAs, est spécifique des plantes et en contrôle divers aspects essentiels du développement. Dans cette voie, AGO7, un membre de la famille des protéines ARGONAUTE, interagit spécifiquement avec miR390 pour cibler et cliver le transcrit TAS3 amorçant ainsi la production de tasiARFs par lʼaction de SGS3, RDR6 et DCL4. Cette voie est conservée chez toutes les plantes terrestres. Par leur activité de répression sur des membres des facteurs de réponse à l'auxine ARF2, ARF3 et ARF4, les tasiARFS contrôlent la transition de phase et la régionalisation des feuilles. Notre laboratoire et dʼautres ont montré que TAS3 était également exprimé dans la racine dʼArabidopsis, posant la question du rôle joué par la voie TAS3dans le développement des racines. Nous avons établi que la voie TAS3, par lʼaction des tasiARFs, joue un rôle essentiel dans le contrôle de la croissance des racines latérales. Nous avons démontré que la voie TAS3 agit en aval de lʼauxine pour maintenir la correcte zone et abondance des facteurs de réponse à l'auxine, ARF2, ARF3 et ARF4. De plus nous avons élucidé un ensemble complexe de rétroactions de ces ARFs sur lʼexpression de miR390. Bien que les mécanismes de la voie TAS3 ont été identifié par divers screen génétiques, notre connaissance de lʼorganisation subcellulaire de cette voie reste essentiellement méconnue. Pour cette raison, nous avons choisi dʼétudier la localisation subcellulaire de la voie TAS3, en nous focalisant sur AGO7 qui en constitue un composant spécifique. Nous avons montré que AGO7, RDR6 et SGS3 sʼaccumulent dans des focicytoplasmiques spécifiques, les siRNA bodies. Nous avons observé une colocalisation entre cessiRNA bodies et des marqueurs des stress granules ainsi qu'une protéine virale associée aux membranes. Finalement nous avons démontré lʼimportance de la localisation cytoplasmique dʼAGO7pour la biogenèse des tasiARFs. Notre travail a permis de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de lʼaction de la voie TAS3 au cours du développement dʼArabidopsis.RNA silencing is a regulatory mechanism essential for many processes during development. This mechanism is characterized by the sequence-specific inhibition of gene expression by small RNA molecules. Among the several pathways of RNA silencing, the TAS3 trans-acting small interfering RNA (ta-siRNA) pathway, which combines features of both micro (mi)RNA and siRNA pathways, is unique to plants and controls several key aspects of plant development. In this pathwayAGO7, a member of the ARGONAUTE family of RNAse, interacts specifically with miR390 to target and cut the TAS3 transcript, priming it for production of tasiARFs by SGS3, RDR6 and DCL4 action. This pathway is conserved across all land plants. By their repressing activity on Auxin Response Factors members, ARF2, ARF3 and ARF4, the tasiARFs control phase change and leaf patterning. Our lab and others have shown that TAS3 is also expressed in the root of Arabidopsis, raising the question of the role played by the TAS3 pathway in root development. We have shown that theTAS3 pathway, through the tasiARFs action, plays an essential role in the control of lateral rootgrowth. We have demonstrated that the TAS3 pathway acts downstream of auxin, to maintain the proper zonation and abundance of the Auxin Response Factors ARF2, ARF3 and ARF4. In addition,we unravelled a complex set of feedbacks of these ARFs on miR390 expression. Although the mechanisms of TAS3 processing have been identified through various genetic screens our knowledge of the subcellular organization of this pathway remains essentially unknown. For this reason we have chosen to study the subcellular localization of the TAS3 pathway, and focused on AGO7 which represents a specific element of this pathway. We have shown that AGO7, RDR6 and SGS3 accumulate in cytoplasmic foci, dubbed siRNA bodies. We have observed colocalization between these siRNA bodies and markers of the stress granules and a membrane-associated viral protein. Finally we have demonstrated the functional relevance of the cytoplasmic localization of AGO7 for the biogenesis of tasiARFs. Our work has led to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the action the TAS3 pathway during the development of Arabidopsis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
