1,720,956 research outputs found
Parental Involvement in the Management of Drug Abuse Crisis among Children and Youth in Kenya
Full text linkThe World Drug Report 2019 shows that in 2017, an estimated 271 million people, or 5.5 per cent of the global population aged 15–64, had used drugs in the previous year and that the drug problem had reached crisis level. The report indicated that the crisis affected young people irrespective of gender. Substance use in early age leads to many negative outcomes in adulthood including compromised work efficiency, poor family relationships and disrupted educational achievement. Though drug abuse is a major concern worldwide, the strategies adopted to address it do not succeed when they don’t factor the range of factors that impact young people’s lives, key among them parental involvement. Parental involvement refers to the amount of participation a parent has when it comes to a child’s life. Research has shown that parents play a major role in preventing substance abuse among children and youth, including those who have initiated drug use. This paper is a desktop review of research and reports on parental involvement and its impact on management of drug and substance abuse (DSA) among children and youth with a view to making recommendations to address the problem. The paper concludes that parental monitoring and supervision of their children’s friendships are critical for DSA prevention. It thus recommends that parents should set rules for their children’s activities and monitor their friends as well as social engagement to ensure appropriate behavior and reduce chances of involvement in drug and substance abuse. law, trade in counterfeit alcohol brands that is not properly regulated, devolution of alcohol control function, litigations against the Act, and inadequate knowledge concerning the law
Perceptions of Parents on the Practice of Private Tuition in Public Learning Institutions in Kenya
Full text linkThe practice of private tuition outside normal class hours is a phenomenon which has prevailed in Kenyan basic learning institutions despite the repeated ban by the government. The purpose of the study was to establish parental perceptions on extra tuition in public schools in Kenya. Descriptive survey design was used for the study. A total of 40 parents purposively selected from a random sample of 10 schools in Makueni County participated in the study. Self administered structured questionnaires were used to collect data and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used to analyze the data. All the null hypotheses were tested using the t-test for independence of means at a 0.05 level of significance. The analyzed data was presented in form of frequency tables. The study found that parents had a favorable perception towards private tuition. Among the reasons for this favorable attitude towards the practice was that; private tuition helped towards improvement of children’s mean grade, improves overall school performance, facilitates syllabus coverage, leads to improvement on academic performance and in increasing knowledge in various subjects among others. Further, the findings revealed that gender of the parents does not influence their perceptions towards the practice of extra tuition (p>0.05). Similarly, the views of parents whose children participated in private tuition and those whose children did not participate in the practice were homogeneous and hence; not statistically significant (p>0.05). The study recommends that the Government of Kenya should not outlaw the practice; instead, the practice should be encouraged and taxed as is the case in Israel and Australia where in each, case, private tuition contributes to the revenues of these countries. Alternatively, the government has to overhaul the entire structure of education that places high premiums on examination grades for the practice to be controlled and to ensure children have time for leisure. Keywords: parents, perception, private tuition, public learning institutions
Prevalence for Private Tuition among Parents, Teachers and Pupils in Public Primary Schools in Machakos County
Full text linkPrivate tuition refers to tutoring offered outside mainstream teaching. The study sought to establish the difference in prevalence for private tuition among parents, teachers and pupils in public primary schools in Machakos County. The study employed descriptive survey design. The target populations were all teachers, parents and pupils of public primary schools in Machakos County. A total of 405 respondents were sampled for the study and comprised of 27 parents, 27 teachers and 351 pupils. Data was collected by use of questionnaires and interview guide. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were used to analyze data and results presented in tables showing frequency, standard deviations and means. The hypothesis was tested using ANOVA which showed the tuition mean prevalence between groups as 1.457 and within groups as 0.056. The post hoc analysis was done using the Scheffe test and the mean difference between teachers and pupils gave a mean of 0.228 and between pupils and parents gave a mean of 0.260. The findings indicate that private tuition is still being offered despite the government ban and that the main reasons given for engagement in holiday tuition include desire to get high marks, stiff competition for placement into particular secondary schools, inadequate teacher pupil ratio and as a way of earning extra income by teachers. The study recommends that the government remunerates teachers adequately and to have other measures of rewarding performance other than academics. The study also recommends that the government needs to improve infrastructure in all secondary schools to minimize the stiff competition for those schools perceived to be prestigious. In addition, there should be stakeholders’ awareness of other ways of engaging pupils constructively during their free time other than in private tuition
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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