1,721,121 research outputs found
Mainwaring (Scott) Wilde (Alexander) eds The Progressive Church in Latin America
No full textLöwy Michael. Mainwaring (Scott) Wilde (Alexander) eds The Progressive Church in Latin America. In: Archives de sciences sociales des religions, n°70, 1990. pp. 290-291
Mainwaring (Scott) The Catholic Church and Politics in Brazil (1916-1985)
No full textLöwy Michael. Mainwaring (Scott) The Catholic Church and Politics in Brazil (1916-1985). In: Archives de sciences sociales des religions, n°64/2, 1987. pp. 305-306
The Politics of Service Delivery in Pakistan: Political Parties and the Incentives for Patronage, 1988-1999
Get PDFThis paper examines the impact of the political party structure on the incentives for politicians to focus on patronage versus service delivery improvements in Pakistan. By analysing inter-provincial variations in the quality of service delivery in Pakistan, the paper argues that the more fragmented, factionalised, and polarised the party systems, the greater are the incentives for patronage, weakening service delivery improvements. Fragmentation and factionalism both exacerbate the information problems that voters have in assigning credit (blame) for service delivery improvements (deterioration), thereby creating the incentives for politicians to focus on targeted benefits. Polarisation, particularly ethnic polarisation, reduces the ability of groups to agree on the provision of public goods, again causing politicians to favour the delivery of targeted benefits.Public Goods, Models of Political Processes: Rent Seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behaviour, Health, Education, and Welfare: General
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Classifying Political Regimes in Latin América
Get PDFFil: Mainwaring, Scott. Universidad de Notre Dame; Estados Unidos.Fil: Brinks, Daniel. Universidad de Notre Dame; Estados Unidos.Fil: Pérez Liñán, Aníbal. Universidad de Pittsburgh; Estados Unidos.Este trabajo se refiere a dos temáticas interrelacionadas: cómo clasificar los regímenes políticos en general y cómo deberían clasificarse los regímenes latinoamericanos en el período 1945-99. Se harán cinco observaciones sobre la clasificación de los regímenes. Primero, la clasificación debe asentarse en conceptos y definiciones sólidas. Segundo, debe estar basada en codificaciones y reglas de agregación explícitas. Tercero, necesariamente incluye juicios subjetivos. Cuarto, el debate acerca de medidas de democracia dicotómicas versus continuas crea un falso dilema.
Ninguna teoría democrática (así como tampoco los requisitos de código) ni la realidad subyacente a las prácticas democráticas implican un acercamiento dicotómico o continuo en todos los casos. Quinto: las medidas dicotómicas de la democracia fallan en la identificación de regímenes de tipo intermedio, limitando la variación que es esencial para estudiar regímenes políticos.
Esta discusión general provee el marco para nuestra escala ordinal tricotómica, que codifica regímenes como democráticos, semidemocráticos o autoritarios en diecinueve países latinoamericanos de 1945 a 1999.
Nuestra clasificación tricotómica alcanza mejor diferenciación que la clasificación dicotómica y, más aún, evade la necesidad de información masiva que requeriría una medida más sensible.This paper is about two related subjects: how to classify political regimes in general, and how Latin American regimes should be classified for the 1945-99 period. We make five general claims about regime classification. First, regime classification should rest on sound concepts and definitions. Second, it should be based on explicit and sensible coding and aggregation rules. Third, it necessarily involves some subjective judgments. Fourth, the debate about dichotomous versus continuous measures of democracy creates a false dilemma. Neither democratic theory, nor coding requirements, nor the reality underlying democratic practice compel either a dichotomous or a continuous approach in all cases. Fifth, dichotomous measures of democracy fail to capture intermediate regime types, obscuring variation that is
essential for studying political regimes.
This general discussion provides the grounding for our trichotomous ordinal scale, which codes regimes as democratic, semidemocratic or authoritarian in nineteen Latin American countries from 1945 to 1999. Our trichotomous classification achieves greater differentiation than dichotomous classifications and yet avoids the need for massive information that a very fine grained measure would require
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Democracy in Hard Places
Get PDFHow does democracy persist for long periods of time in countries that are poor, ethnically heterogenous, wracked by economic crisis, and plagued by state weakness? In Democracy in Hard Places, leading scholars of comparative political regimes attempt to answer this question by examining cases of unlikely democratic survival in “hard places”: countries that lack the structural factors and exist outside of the contexts that scholars have long associated with democracy’s emergence and endurance. Democracies in hard places overcome underdevelopment, ethnolinguistic diversity, state weakness, and patriarchal cultural norms. The book offers rich, empirically grounded theoretical debates about whether democracy survives only because a balance of power and formal institutions constrain actors from overthrowing it, or if it also survives in part because some critical actors are normatively committed to it. The book presents nine case studies—written by leading experts in the discipline—of episodes in which democracy has emerged and survived against long odds. The cases are drawn from almost every region of the world that formed part of the “third wave” of democracy. In each case, many of the conditions conventionally associated with durable democracy were either attenuated or absent. Each case study details the constellation of obstacles to democracy faced by a given country, describes the major political actors with the potential to impact regime trajectories, and explains how the threat of democratic breakdown was staved off or averted
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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