1,720,972 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) in dairy herds of central Zambia
No full textAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide public health concern. While it is
evident that the use of antibiotics creates selection pressure for the evolution of
antibiotic resistance genes, there are still considerable knowledge gaps relating to the
status quo of antibiotic use, emergence of resistant pathogens in different livestock
production systems and spread within human and animal communities.
This thesis includes a survey of antibiotic use in the dairy sector within a specific area
of Zambia and analysis of AMR and virulence factors in E. coli isolated from dairy
cattle and diarrhoea human patients with the following objectives.
1. To investigate the usage of antibiotics in the dairy sector and the drivers for
use.
2. To determine the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli
isolated from faecal samples of dairy cattle.
3. To use whole genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate the molecular
epidemiology of resistance determinants in E. coli strains isolated from both
dairy cattle and humans.
4. To assess the zoonotic potential of isolated E. coli focusing on Shiga toxin-producing
E. coli (STEC) and relationship to STEC associated with clinical
disease in the UK.
In view of these objectives, the first part of the work was carried out in Zambia and
involved a questionnaire, a field survey, isolation of E. coli from dairy cattle faecal
samples and phenotypic testing for AMR. In addition, E. coli isolates were obtained
from another study that was focused on human patients presenting with diarrhoea at
the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka. The second part involved whole genome
sequencing and molecular analyses of E. coli for resistance and virulence genotypes at
the Roslin Institute (UK). For the field study, a stratified random sample of 104 farms
was studied, representing approximately 20% of all dairy farms in the region. On each
farm, faecal samples were collected from a random sample of animals and a
standardised questionnaire on the usage of antibiotics was completed. An E. coli
isolate was obtained from 98.67% (371/376) of the sampled animals and tested for
resistance against the six types of antibiotics (tetracycline, ampicillin,
sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, cefpodoxime, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin). These
E. coli were then analysed together with those from humans for genotypes in the
laboratory and from Illumina short read whole genome sequences using bioinformatics
tools.
Tetracylines and penicillin were the commonly used antibiotics in dairy herds. This
finding was in line with the resistance phenotypes detected in E. coli isolated from the
dairy cattle. The most prevalent AMR was to tetracycline (10.61; 95%CI: 7.40-13.82),
followed by ampicillin (6.02; 95%CI: 3.31-8.73), sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim
(4.49; 95%CI: 2.42-6.56), cefpodoxime (1.91; 95%CI: 0.46-3.36), gentamicin (0.89;
95%CI: 0.06-1.84) and ciprofloxacin (0%). The risk analysis indicated that AMR was
associated with livestock diseases (lumpy skin disease and foot rot), exotic breeds
(Jersey and Friesian), location, farm size and certain management practices.
Analysis of whole genome sequences showed that isolates from humans had both
higher levels and a greater diversity of resistance alleles than the cattle isolates.
Common genotypes in both populations were: tetA (16%), tetB (10%), tetC (2%) for
cattle isolates with tetA (32%), tetB (22%) and tetD (1%) in human isolates. Other
common genotypes were blaTEM (56%), sul1 (29%), sul2 (66%), strA4 (57%) and
strB1 (64%) in isolates of human origin while blaTEM (15%), sul1 (3%), sul2 (17%),
strA4 (13%) and strB1 (19%) were in the cattle isolates.
Whilst the E. coli isolates from cattle encoded resistance to common antibiotics of
limited significance to human clinical medicine, isolates from humans had additional
extended spectrum beta-lactamases (blaOXA, blaCMY, blaNDM, and blaDHA, blaOKP and
blaCTX-M) that encode for resistance to essential antibiotics such as third generation
cephalosporins and carbapenems. This was an evidence that AMR is an ongoing public
health subject in Zambia but the exclusivity of certain resistances in the human
population points to limited or no exchange of genotypes between E. coli of human
origin and those from cattle. AMR in humans was probably independently selected by
the use of antibiotics of clinical importance such as cephalosporin and
fluoroquinolones.
The virulence analysis focused on STEC, 11% (41/371) of E. coli isolates from cattle
contained Shiga toxin genes (stx) while none (0/73) of the human isolates were
positive. Phylogenetic analysis showed a random distribution of bovine STEC, with
no indication of clonal spread. Although 89% (16/18) of the STEC tested had a
cytotoxic effect on Vero cells, indicative of Shiga toxin production, only three (O45,
O111, O157) belonged to one of the seven serogroups (O26, O157, O111, O103,
O121, O145 and O45) associated with life-threatening enterohaemorrhagic E. coli
(EHEC) infections in humans. In line with this, only the O157 serotype encoded a type
3 secretion system. This shows that, while Stx-encoding strains are common in these
dairy herds of Zambia, they are not strain backgrounds known to pose an immediate
threat to human health as they lack colonisation factors that are found in typical human
EHEC. However, we must remain vigilant as emergence of EHEC strains in these
animals remains an ever-present threat
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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