1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Fuzzy Description Logics with Rules and Concrete Domains
No full text224 σ.Ένα από τα σημαντικότερα θέματα της Επιστήμης των Υπολογιστών είναι η αναπαράσταση γνώσης και η χρήση της για συλλογιστική. Οι κλασσικές Περιγραφικές Λογικές αποτελούν μία πολύ διαδεδομένη οικογένεια γλωσσών αναπαράστασης της ανθρώπινης γνώσης για τον κόσμο που μας περιβάλλει. Παρόλα αυτά, εφόσον η γνώση μας για τον κόσμο αυτό εμπεριέχει αβεβαιότητα και ανακρίβεια, έτσι και τα μέσα αναπαράστασής του θα πρέπει να έχουν τη δυνατότητα απεικόνισης αυτού του είδους της πληροφορίας. Για αυτόν τον λόγο, προτάθηκαν οι ασαφείς Περιγραφικές Λογικές, οι οποίες αποτελούν επεκτάσεις των κλασσικών Περιγραφικών Λογικών ικανές να αναπαραστήσουν έναν κόσμο με αβεβαιότητα και ανακρίβεια. Οι επεκτάσεις αυτές μας δίνουν τη δυνατότητα όχι μόνο να αναπαραστήσουμε με ικανοποιητικό τρόπο έννοιες όπως ψηλός, μακρυά, πολύ, λίγο κ.ο.κ, αλλά και να εξαγάγουμε συμπεράσματα βάσει της περιγραφόμενης γνώσης. Έτσι λοιπόν, αφενός, έχουν δημιουργηθεί εκφραστικές γλώσσες ασαφών Περιγραφικών Λογικών όπως η fKD SHIN αφετέρου έχουν δημιουργηθεί μηχανές συμπερασματολογίας όπως το FiRE για τις συγκεκριμένες εκφραστικότητες.
Στόχος της εργασίας αυτής είναι η επέκταση των ασαφών Περιγραφικών Λογικών με δύο είδη εκφραστικότητας, τα οποία δεν έχουν μελετηθεί διεξοδικά έως τώρα. Το πρώτο είδος εκφραστικότητας αναφέρεται στην επέκταση των γλωσσών αυτών με κανόνες παρόμοιους με αυτούς που παρουσιάζονται σε άλλους λογικούς φορμαλισμούς, όπως είναι ο λογικός προγραμματισμός. Το δεύτερο είδος εκφραστικότητας αναφέρεται στην επέκταση των γλωσσών αυτών έτσι ώστε να μπορούν να ενσωματώνουν με ικανοποιητικό τρόπο τύπους δεδομένων όπως αριθμητικά δεδομένα. Όπως θα δούμε και στην εργασία, τα δύο αυτά είδη εκφραστικότητας είναι πολύτιμα σε διάφορες εφαρμογές όπως ιατρικές και επεξεργασίας εικόνας. Ενώ είναι σχετικά προφανής ο τρόπος με τον οποίο θα δοθεί σημασιολογία σε μία νέα γλώσσα Περιγραφικών Λογικών, η δυσκολία σε μια τέτοια επέκταση έγκειται στην εύρεση ενός ορθού (sound) και πλήρους (complete) αλγόριθμου συλλογιστικής. Κύριο εμπόδιο σε αυτήν την προσπάθεια είναι η πολύ υψηλή πολυπλοκότητα των γλωσσών αυτών. Σε αρκετές μάλιστα περιπτώσεις, υπάρχει ο κίνδυνος οι εκφραστικές επεκτάσεις που θα προτείνουμε να οδηγήσουν σε μη αποφάνσιμες (undecidable) γλώσσες.
Στα πλαίσια τις συγκεκριμένης εργασίας δημιουργήσαμε το ασαφές CARIN, μία γλώσσα αναπαράστασης γνώσης η οποία συνδυάζει τις ασαφείς Περιγραφικές Λογικές με κανόνες Horn (Horn Rules). Το ασαφές CARIN ενσωματώνει τελεστές της ασαφούς λογικής στη γλώσσα του μη-αναδρομικού CARIN και δύναται να επιλύσει προβλήματα συλλογιστικής με συζευκτικά ερωτήματα, ενώσεις συζευκτικών ερωτημάτων, και το πρόβλημα της υπαρξιακής λογικής συνεπαγωγής. Μέσα από τη μελέτη της γλώσσας του ασαφούς CARIN και κατά την προσπάθεια υλοποίησης μίας μηχανής συλλογιστικής για τη συγκεκριμένη εκφραστικότητα, ένα από τα θέματα τα οποία αντιμετωπίσαμε ήταν αυτό της πολύ υψηλής πολυπλοκότητας του αλγορίθμου συλλογιστικής που έπρεπε να υλοποιηθεί. Για αυτόν το λόγω στραφήκαμε στη μελέτη γλωσσών πολυωνυμικής πολυπλοκότητας όπως είναι αυτές που ανήκουν στην οικογένεια της EL γλώσσας. Αρχικά προτείναμε τη γλώσσα της ασαφούς EL++ δηλαδή τη σύνταξη, τη σημασιολογία, και έναν πλήρη και ορθό αλγόριθμο συλλογιστικής για τη γλώσσα αυτή, ενώ αποδείξαμε ότι η προτεινόμενη γλώσσα διατηρεί την πολυωνυμική της πολυπλοκότητα. Στη συνέχεια μελετήσαμε τους περιορισμούς που πρέπει να τεθούν έτσι ώστε η ασαφής EL++ γλώσσα να μπορεί να ενσωματώσει απτά πεδία, δηλαδή να μπορεί να αναπαραστήσει με ικανοποιητικό τρόπο τύπους δεδομένων όπως αριθμητικά δεδομένα, χωρίς όμως να χάσει την πολυωνυμική της πολυπλοκότητα. Στα πλαίσια της μελέτης, αυτής προτάθηκε η ασαφής EL++(D) γλώσσα. Τέλος, μία ακόμα επέκταση που μελετήθηκε ήταν αυτή της ασαφούς EL++ γλώσσας με κανόνες. Η προτεινόμενη επέκταση εξετάζει το σύνολο τον περιορισμών που θα πρέπει να έχουν οι κανόνες προκειμένου να ενσωματωθούν στην EL++ γλώσσα, χωρίς όμως να χαθεί η πολυωνυμική της πολυπλοκότητα. Η μελέτη αυτή έχει σαν αποτέλεσμα τη δημιουργία της ασαφούς ELP γλώσσας.One of the most important topics in Computer Science is Knowledge Representation and Reason-ing. Description Logics is a family of formal knowledge representation languages used in artificial intelligence for formal reasoning on the concepts of an application domain. Nevertheless, since our knowledge about certain domains contains uncertainty and imprecision, the knowledge representa-tion languages should also have the ability to incorporate this kind of information. For this reason, fuzzy Description Logics, that form an extension of crisp Description Logics capable of representing uncertainty and imprecision, have been proposed. These extensions allow us, not only to adequately represent concepts such as near, far, much, little, etc., but also to perform reasoning. On this ground, on the one hand, expressive fuzzy Description Logic languages such as fKD-SHIN have been proposed, on the other hand reasoning engines such as FiRE have been developed for the previously mentioned languages.
The main objective of this thesis is to extend fuzzy Description Logics with two types of expres-siveness that have not been adequately studied. The first type refers to extending fuzzy Description Logic languages with rules similar to those already been introduced in other logic formalisms such as Logic Programming, while the second refers to extending fuzzy Description Logics so as to incorporate data types such as numerical data. These types of expressiveness are useful in various applications –such as medical and image processing applications–. The main difficulty in our work was not to provide the semantics of a fuzzy Description Logic language, but to find a sound, complete, and terminating algorithm for the specific language. The main obstacle towards this direction is the high complexity of the proposed languages. In the worst case, we may propose a DL extension which is undecidable.
During our research, we have proposed fuzzy CARIN, a knowledge representation language com-bining fuzzy Description Logics with (Horn Rules). Fuzzy CARIN incorporates fuzzy logic opera-tors to the non recursive CARIN language and is able to solve reasoning problems with conjunctive queries and unions of conjunctive queries as well as the problem of existential entailment. Throughout the study of fuzzy CARIN and in our attempt to develop a reasoning engine for the specific expressiveness, the main problem we faced was the high complexity of the proposed language (and consequently its corresponding reasoning algorithm). Thus, we later focused our attention to the study of polynomial complexity languages, such as those of the EL family. Initially we proposed the fuzzy EL++ language, i.e. its syntax, semantics together with a sound and complete reasoning algorithm which was proved to have polynomial complexity. We then studied the limitations that have to be imposed so that the fuzzy EL++ language may incorporate concrete domains, i.e. to be able to adequately represent data types such as numerical data, without losing its polynomial complexity. This study resulted in the fuzzy EL++ language. Finally, we have also examined the fuzzy EL++ language with rules. The proposed extension investigates the set of restrictions that have to be imposed to the rules, embodied to fuzzy EL++, so that it won’t lose its polynomial complexity. The specific study resulted to the creation of the fuzzy ELP language.Θεόφιλος Π. Μαΐλη
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
