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The effect of black rice (Oryza sativa L. Indica) extract to increase estrogen hormone on pre-menopause of female white rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Get PDFThe study aimed to determine the estrogenic activity of extracting ethanol from black rice (Oryza Sativa L. Indica) in pre-menopausal female white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Adaptation was carried out on 20 female rats (Rattus norvegicus) experimental rats for one week with a body weight of about 200-250 g. After one week, the experimental rats were divided into five treatment groups, with each group consisting of 4 rats. The positive control group (P1) was given Ethinyl estradiol orally at a dose of 9Ãâ10-3 mg/ 200g BB in CMC-Na 1% as much as 3 mL. The negative control group (P2) was given orally CMC-Na 1% / 200g BW as 3 mL. Test Group I (P3) were given orally an extract of Black Glutinous Rice mixed with ethanolic basil leaves 96% with a dose equivalent to 1 mL of thick extract in an amount of 0.8g/200g BW in 1% CMC-Na as much as 3 mL. Test Group II (P4) was given an extract of the ethanol substance in Black Rice with a dose equivalent to 2 mL of thick extract in 1.6g/200g BW in 3 mL of 1% CMC-Na orally. Test Group III (P5) was given orally Black Glutinous Rice in a dose equivalent to 4 mL of thick extract in 3.2g/200g BB in CMC-Na 1% as much as 3 mL. The treatments were carried out orally for one estrous cycle begins during the estrus phase. Uniformity during the estrus phase was carried out using the Whitten-Method Effect. It aims to observe changes in the vagina to determine the estrus cycle by placing the male rat cage on top of the female rat cage. Conclusions from the results of this study show that the Black Glutinous Rice (Oryza Sativa L. Indica) extract treatment can increase the estrogenic activity of white rats pre-menopausal females (Rattus norvegicus). A 0.8g/200g BW dose can prolong the estrus cycle and increase vascularity and ovarian weight compared to the negative control (CMC-Na1%). The treatment with the lowest concentration was equivalent to the positive control of Ethinyl estradiol (9x10-3mg/200g BW). This test indicates that giving 96% ethanol extract of Black Glutinous Rice causes an increase in the hormone estrogen in the estrus phase, which tends to prolong the estrus cycle
Bima ethnic medicinal plants as a natural hand sanitizer
Get PDFThis study aims to identify potential ethnic plants with medicinal properties in Bima Regency, Indonesia, as hand sanitizers. The type of research is experimental research, with a completely randomized design with two factorials: concentration of medicinal plant extracts and the ratio of alcohol and triclosan. The medicinal plants used are cherry, meniran (Phyllanthus Urinaria), the burden of straw, ketepeng (Senna alata), white turmeric, and guava, taken from the leaves. The results showed that the test plant extracts (cherry, meniran, pandanus, ketepeng, white turmeric, and guava) all had inhibitory power based on the test concentration. The ability of the inhibition of bacteria in the test plant extracts had different diameters of inhibition, where the average concentration of each concentration that had the lowest diameter of inhibition could be seen in the plant extract. In contrast, in the plant extract treatment, the inhibition zone began to appear at a concentration of 20%. In other treatments with other test plant extracts, a zone of the inhibition began to form at a concentration of 10%. Meanwhile, the plant extract which has the largest relative inhibition zone is the white turmeric plant extract. Tests on each test, namely cherry, meniran, ketepeng, white turmeric, and guava, used a concentration of 10%, and the burden of straw used an extract concentration of 20%. The overall hand sanitizer shows characteristics in the treatment concentration A1 = 4% and the concentration of alcohol and triclosan B2 = 1 ml: 1.5 g.pH of the hand sanitizer for various plants was obtained in a relatively similar pH range, namely in the range of 6.06 - 6.82
Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing Berbasis Pratikum Pada Topik Pengukuran Untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep dan Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa SMP
Get PDFAbstrak: Penelitian kuasi eksperimen ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbasis pratikum untuk meningkatkan penguasaan konsep dan keterampilan proses sains siswa pada topik pengukuran. Sebanyak 83 siswa SMP Kelas I terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Subjek penelitian dikelompokkan dalam kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Kelompok eksperimen mendapat perlakuan pembelajaran inkuiri berbasis peratikum sedangkan kelompok kontrol mendapat perlakuan pembelajaran berbasis pratikum. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen pilihan ganda untuk menjaring penguasan konsep siswa, sedangkan keterampilan proses sains dijaring dengan menggunakan tes esay. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbasis praktikum pada topik penguran dapat meningkatkan penguasaan konsep dan Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) siswa. Peningkatan penguasaan konsep untuk kelas eksperimen adalah 54.58% sedangkan kelas kontrol adalah 26.60%. Peningkatan Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) pada kelas eksperimen sebesar 67.80% dengan kategori tinggi, sedangkan Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) kelas kontrol adalah 27.25% dengan katerogi sedang. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi positif antara penguasaan konsep dan Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS). Siswa juga memberikan tanggapan positif terhadap impelementasi pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbasis praktikum. Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Inkuiri, Pratikum, Penguasaan Konsep, Keterampilan Proses Sains
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Analysis Of Factors Affecting Learning Difficulties Of Class XII Students Of SMAN 2 Bolo
Get PDFAbstract: This research aims to analyze the factors that influence students' difficulties in learning. The type of research used is descriptive with a quantitative approach. The population in this research is all students of class XII MIPA SMAN 2 Bolo which consists of four classes with a total of 121 students. Meanwhile, in determining the sample, purposive sampling was used, namely those used as samples in this study were class XII MIPA students at SMAN 2 Bolo who had scores below the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM). The instrument used to identify factors that hinder students' learning difficulties is a questionnaire consisting of 35 statement items. Data analysis uses the index % formula then the data is categorized to interpret the factors of student learning difficulties. The results of the research show that the factors that influence students' learning difficulties, the indicators of student readiness and attention are 64% including the inhibiting category, interest and motivation are 71% in the inhibiting category, the learning process indicators are 78% in the inhibiting category, the learning facilities indicators are 72% the inhibiting category and the parental role indicator is 68% of the inhibiting category.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesulitan siswa dalam belajar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Adapun yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XII MIPA SMAN 2 Bolo yang terdiri atas empat kelas dengan jumlah siswa 121 orang siswa. Sedangkan dalam penentuan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling yakni dimana yang dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas XII MIPA SMAN 2 Bolo yang memiliki nilai dibawah Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM). Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menghambat kesulitan belajar siswa yaitu kuesioner berjumlah 35 item pernyataan. Analisis data menggunakan rumus index % kemudian data dikategorikan untuk menginterpretasikan faktor-faktor kesulitan belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesulitan belajar siswa, pada indikator kersiapan dan perhatian siswa sebesar 64% termasuk kategori menghambat, minat dan motivasi sebesar 71 % kategori menghambat, indikator proses pembelajaran sebesar 78 % kategori menghambat, indikator fasilitas pembelajaran sebesar 72% kategori menghambat dan indikator peran orang tua sebesar 68 % kategori menghambat
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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