1,721,096 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Incidence, mortality and risk factors of giant cell arteritis
No full textL’Artérite à Cellules Géantes (ACG) est la plus fréquente des vascularites chroniques auto-immunes des gros et moyens vaisseaux des personnes âgées. Le spectre de la maladie semble aujourd’hui s’élargir ce qui soulève diverses interrogations d’ordre diagnostique, étiologique et pronostique. Dans ce contexte, une mise à jour de l’épidémiologie de l’ACG a été réalisée, en particulier à l’aide de données recueillies en France métropolitaine. Une étude prospective effectuée dans le nord-est Parisien entre 2015 et 2017 avait pour objectif d’estimer l’incidence de l’ACG le plus exhaustivement possible tout en tenant compte des diverses formes cliniques de la maladie au diagnostic. Parmi les principaux résultats, le taux d’incidence de l’ACG a été estimé entre 7,6 cas pour 100 000 habitants 50 ans et 11,5 cas pour 100 000 habitants 50 ans lors de l’analyse par capture-recapture. Les femmes représentaient 68% des cas et la moyenne d’âge était de 77,3 (e.t. 9,1). Cinq (8%) cas d’ACG présentaient exclusivement des signes et symptômes des gros vaisseaux. Une revue exhaustive de la littérature sur les facteurs pronostiques de l’ACG parmi des publications relevées jusqu’en juillet 2018 et une étude sur les causes de décès parmi des cas avec une ACG en France métropolitaine entre 1980 et 2011 ont aussi été effectuées. Les deux études ont rapporté un sur-risque de morbimortalité cardiovasculaire des cas avec ACG, particulièrement pour ceux avec des antécédents de maladie athérosclérotique et/ou pour ceux avec atteinte des gros vaisseaux. Les Standardized Mortality Odds Ratios (SMOR) étaient particulièrement élevés pour les décès par anévrisme et dissection de l’aorte (SMOR : 3,09 95% IC 2,48-3,82) mais ne représentaient qu’environ 2% des cas de décès avec un code ACG parmi les décès de la population générale. Si les décès de cause cardiovasculaire ou infectieuse étaient augmentés, les décès de cause néoplasique (hors cancers hématologiques) étaient sous-représentés par rapport à ceux de la population générale. La synthèse de la revue de la littérature a aussi suggéré que des niveaux élevés de bio-marqueurs d’inflammation s’associent à une diminution du risque ischémique cérébro-vasculaire mais à une augmentation du risque de rechutes. De même, elle a suggéré que les pronostics diffèrent entre l’atteinte des gros vaisseaux avec dilatation de l’aorte et celle avec sténose des gros vaisseaux. En ce qui concerne les variations temporelles de la mortalité par ACG dans les années 1990, celles-ci ont été interprétées en tant que liées aux variations temporelles de l’incidence de l’ACG. Les variations d’incidence sembleraient différer entre les cas avec une biopsie de l’artère temporale dite « positive » et ceux diagnostiqués principalement par imagerie des gros vaisseaux. En conclusion, des interrogations persistent sur l’épidémiologie de l’ACG. Les objectifs futurs seraient de surveiller l’incidence de la maladie dans le contexte d’une population mondiale vieillissante, de définir les évènements déclencheurs de la maladie et d’identifier les rôles des nouvelles techniques d’imagerie et des différents marqueurs biologiques dans le diagnostic, classification et pronostic de la maladie.Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common chronic autoimmune vasculitis of the large and medium-sized vessels of the elderly. The spectrum of the disease seems to be widening, which raises various diagnostic, etiological and prognostic questions. In this context, an update of the epidemiology of GCA was carried out, in particular using data collected in metropolitan France. A comprehensive and prospective study carried out in northeastern Paris between 2015 and 2017 aimed to estimate the incidence of GCA taking into account the various clinical forms of the disease at diagnosis. Among the main results, GCA incidence rate was estimated to be between 7.6 cases per 100,000 inhabitants 50 years and 11.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants 50 by performing a capture-recapture analysis. Females accounted for 68% of cases and the mean age was 77.3 (S.D. 9.1). Five (8%) cases of GCA had exclusively large vessel signs and symptoms. A systematic review of the published literature on prognostic factors of GCA up to July 2018 and a study on causes of death among cases with GCA in metropolitan France between 1980 and 2011 were also performed. Both studies reported an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity in cases with GCA, particularly in those with a history of atherosclerotic disease and/or in those with large vessel involvement. Although Standardized Mortality Odds Ratios (SMOR) were highest for deaths due to aortic aneurysm and dissection (SMOR: 3.09 95% CI 2.48-3.82) it accounted for only about 2% of the causes of death with a GCA code among deaths in the general population. While deaths from cardiovascular or infectious causes were increased, deaths from neoplastic causes (excluding haematological cancers) were under-represented in the GCA cases compared to those in the general population. The systematic literature review also suggested that high levels of inflammatory biomarkers are associated with a decreased risk of cerebrovascular ischemia but an increased risk of relapse. Similarly, it suggested that prognoses differ between large-vessel disease with aortic dilatation and those with large vessel stenosis. Trends in GCA mortality were suggested to be directly related to trends in GCA incidence. Incidence variations seem to differ between cases with positive signs on temporal artery biopsy and those diagnosed primarily by large vessel imaging. In conclusion, questions remain about the epidemiology of GCA. Future objectives would be to monitor the incidence of the disease in the context of an ageing world population, to define the triggering events of the disease and to identify the roles of new imaging techniques and different biomarkers in the diagnosis, classification and prognosis of the disease
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