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Assessing expressive language skills following early confirmation of permanent childhood hearing impairment
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Peer relationship experiences of deaf and hard of hearing adolescents
Full text linkDeaf and Hard of Hearing adolescents (DHH) experience more peer problems and lower levels of friendships than their hearing peers. This study used a qualitative approach to identify their experiences of peer problems and factors influencing them. A sample of 30, 13-19, year-old DHH adolescents with a moderate to profound hearing loss, drawn from a population-based cohort study in which their receptive language and social–emotional skills had been assessed, underwent semi-structured interviews. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Participants reported that, overall, they had developed positive and rewarding relationships with their peers, notwithstanding their earlier experience of being bullied. Conflicts and infrequency of interaction in their friendships were mainly reported by girls. Adolescents with moderate hearing loss were identified as facing the same or even more barriers than adolescents with severe to profound hearing loss in making new friends. Implications for educational practice are discussed
Predicting reading ability in teenagers who are deaf or hard of hearing: A longitudinal analysis of language and reading
No full textBackground:
Deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) children and young people are known to show group-level deficits in spoken language and reading abilities relative to their hearing peers. However, there is little evidence on the longitudinal predictive relationships between language and reading in this population.
Aims:
To determine the extent to which differences in spoken language ability in childhood predict reading ability in D/HH adolescents.
Methods:
and procedures: Participants were drawn from a population-based cohort study and comprised 53 D/HH teenagers, who used spoken language, and a comparison group of 38 normally hearing teenagers. All had completed standardised measures of spoken language (expression and comprehension) and reading (accuracy and comprehension) at 6–10 and 13–19 years of age.
Outcomes:
and results: Forced entry stepwise regression showed that, after taking reading ability at age 8 years into account, language scores at age 8 years did not add significantly to the prediction of Reading Accuracy z-scores at age 17 years (change in R2 = 0.01, p = .459) but did make a significant contribution to the prediction of Reading Comprehension z-scores at age 17 years (change in R2 = 0.17, p < .001).
Conclusions:
and implications: In D/HH individuals who are spoken language users, expressive and receptive language skills in middle childhood predict reading comprehension ability in adolescence. Continued intervention to support language development beyond primary school has the potential to benefit reading comprehension and hence educational access for D/HH adolescents
Societal costs of permanent childhood hearing loss at teen age: a cross-sectional cohort follow-up study of universal newborn hearing screening
Full text linkObjective: To investigate the effects in adolescence of bilateral Permanent Childhood Hearing Loss (PCHL) >40 dB and of exposure to Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) on societal costs accrued over the preceding 12 months.Design, Setting, Participants: An observational cohort study of a sample of 110 adolescents aged 13 to 20 years, 73 with PCHL and 37 in a normally hearing comparison group (HCG) closely similar in respect of place and date of birth to those with PCHL, drawn from a 1992-97 cohort of 157,000 births in Southern England, half of whom had been exposed to a UNHS programme. Intervention: Birth in periods with and without UNHS. Outcome Measures: Resource use and costs in the preceding 12 month period, estimated from interview at a mean age of 16.9 years and review of medical records. Effects on costs were examined in regression models.Results: Mean total costs for participants with PCHL and the HCG were £15,914 and £5,883 respectively (difference £10,031, 95% CI £6,460 to £13,603), primarily driven by a difference in educational costs. Compared to the HCG, additional mean costs associated with PCHL of moderate, severe and profound severity were £5,916, £6,605 and £18,437 respectively. The presence of not only PCHL but also an additional medical condition (AMC) increased costs by £15,385 (95%CI £8,532 to £22,238). An increase of one unit in receptive language z score was associated with £1,616 (95%CI £842 to £2,389) lower costs. Birth during periods of UNHS was not associated with significantly lower overall costs (difference £3,594, 95%CI -£2,918 to £10,106). Conclusions: The societal cost of PCHL was greater with more severe losses and in the presence of AMC and was lower in children with superior language scores. There was no statistically significant reduction in costs associated with birth in periods with UNHS. Trial Registration: http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN03307358/hearing+outcomes+in+teenager
Narrative skills following early confirmation of permanent childhood hearing impairment (poster)
No full textAim: the aim of this study was to compare spoken language production in children with permanent childhood hearing impairment (PCHI) whose PCHI was confirmed either early or late.Method: audio-taped spoken narrative was assessed for syntax, phonology, morphology, and narrative in transcripts from a population-based sample of 89 children (49 males, 40 females; age mean age 7y 7mo, SD1y 1mo, range 6y 6mo–10y 9mo) with bilateral PCHI (?40dB hearing loss) and a comparison group of 63 children (37 males, 26 females; mean age 8y 1mo; SD 1y) with normal hearing. Of the 89 children with PCHI, 41 (21 males, 20 females) had their hearing impairment confirmed by the age of 9 months. All children with PCHI were tested with hearing aids in place, including 16 with cochlear implants. The group of children whose PCHI had been confirmed by age 9 months was compared with the group with later confirmation of PCHI using regression models on the outcome measures.Results: compared with those with late-confirmed PCHI, children with early-confirmed PCHI used significantly more sentences (mean difference 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49–5.24; p=0.019) and categories of high-pitched morphological markers (mean difference 6.64; 95% CI 1.96–11.31; p=0.006). The number of categories of low-pitched morphological markers, phonological simplifications, and sentences with multiple clauses did not differ between groups. The odds ratios (95% CI) of superior narrative structure and narrative content in children whose PCHI was confirmed early were 3.03 (1.09–8.46; p=0.034) and 4.43 (1.52–12.89; p=0.006) respectively.Interpretation: early confirmation compared with late confirmation of PCHI was associated with benefit to narrative skills and to certain expressive aspects of syntax and morphology, but not expressive phonolog
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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