151 research outputs found

    A case study: Two teachers' reflections on the ELP in practice

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    We conducted an action research study with a group of EFL teachers in our local area in order to establish the grounds for the use of the European Language Portfolio (ELP) and the Common European Framework of Reference in local state schools. This paper reports on the way we conducted this study and the cycles we went through, specifically focusing on two teachers' experiences of the ELP in practice. © The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press; all rights reserved

    Biological Properties of Capoeta capoeta (Guldenstaedt, 1773) Population Living in Karasu Stream (Van, Turkey)

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    This study was carried out between March 2007 and April 2008 in Karasu Stream. Total 472 individual sampled by hand nets and electroshock. Length, weight, sex and gonad weight were determined. Age was determined by scales. The age, length and weights of samples varied from I-VI, 4.0-37.5 cm and 0.7-676.2 g, respectively. It was determined that the most samples were in 12.0-13.9 cm (16.1%) and 0-24.9 g (21.2%) group. Condition factor, length-weight, age-length, age-weight equations, mate:female ration were calculated as 1.452, W = 0.0129xL(3.039), Lt = 52.58x[1-e(-0.145x(1+0.464))], Wt = 2188.21x[1-e(-0.145x(1+0.464))](3.039), 2.603, 1:0.85, respectively. Sexual maturity size was determined as in males I I cm, in females 23 cm. In the reproduction, period reproduction nods were seen on head and anal fins of males. Relative fecundity number calculated as 44494 number kg(-1) fish and age diameter measured as 2.011 mm

    Van Gölü Havzası Endemik Balık Türleri

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    Kapalı bir havza &ouml;zelliğinde olan Van G&ouml;l&uuml; Havzası&rsquo;nda bir&ccedil;ok su kaynağı bulunmaktadır. Bu su&nbsp;kaynaklarındaki farklılık kendisini Alburnus tarichi, Alburnus timarensis, Barbus ercisianus, Capoeta kosswigi&nbsp;ve Oxynoemacheilus ercisianus gibi endemik balık t&uuml;rlerinde g&ouml;stermiştir. Bu balık t&uuml;rlerinin ekolojik&nbsp;&ouml;zelliklerinin bilinmesi, t&uuml;r&uuml;n havzadaki su kaynaklarında devamlılığının sağlanması a&ccedil;ısından &ouml;nemlidir. Evsel&nbsp;ve sanayi atıkları, akarsu &uuml;zerindeki kum ocakları ve ka&ccedil;ak kum alım faaliyetleri, akarsu &uuml;zerinde inşa edilen&nbsp;reg&uuml;lat&ouml;r, menfez ve k&ouml;pr&uuml; gibi yapılar, akarsu ıslah &ccedil;alışmaları, &uuml;reme d&ouml;neminde ger&ccedil;ekleştirilen ka&ccedil;ak avcılık&nbsp;bu t&uuml;rleri tehdit eden başlıca unsurlardır. Bu &ccedil;alışmada havzada doğal yayılış g&ouml;steren endemik balık t&uuml;rlerinin,&nbsp;ekolojik ve biyolojik &ouml;zellikleri, diğer balık cinslerden ayrılan farklılıkları ve yaşadığı su kaynakları hakkında&nbsp;bazı bilgiler verilerek, s&uuml;rd&uuml;r&uuml;lebilirliklerinin sağlanması amacıyla dikkatlerin bu t&uuml;rler &uuml;zerine &ccedil;ekilmesi&nbsp;ama&ccedil;lanmıştır.The Van Lake Basin is a closed basin that has many water sources. This differentiation in the water&nbsp;resources shows on endemic fish species. All species of fish showing natural distribution in basin are consist of&nbsp;Albanus tarichi, Alburnus timarensis, Barbus ercisianus, Capoeta kosswigi, and Oxynoemacheilus ercisianus. It&nbsp;is important to know the ecological characteristics of the endemic fish species in order to ensure their continuity&nbsp;in Van Lake Basin. Domestic and industrial wastes, sand quarries and illegal sand extraction activities,&nbsp;regulators, culverts and bridges on the river, river improvement studies and poaching in breeding period are the&nbsp;main threats to these endemic species. The present study, it is aimed to give some information about ecological&nbsp;and biological characteristics of endemic fish species and water resources in Van Lake Basin, differences&nbsp;between the fish species that are separated from other fish species and aiming to draw attention to these species&nbsp;in order to ensure the sustainability of these endemic species.</p

    İnci kefali' nin (Chalcalburnus tarichi Pallas, 1811) yumurta bırakmadan önce ve sonraki periyotta bazı ovaryum hormon seviyeleri ve foliküllerin ovulasyondan sonraki yapısı

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    Bu çalışmada, inci kefalinde yumurta bıraktıktan sonra foliküllerin yapısı ve yumurta bırakmadan önce ve yumurta bıraktıktan sonra ovaryum 11 -dehydrocorticosteroit (11-DHC), östradiol-17(3 (E2), 17oc-hydroxyprogesteron (17a-0H-P) ve progesteron (P) seviyeleri araştırıldı. Ovulasyondan sonra foliküllerin bol damarlı bir teka tabakası ve bol miktarda düz endoplazmik retikulum, tubüler kristali çok sayıda mitokondri ve lipit damlaları içeren büyük granüioza hücreleri ile karakterize edildiği gösterilmiştir. Ovaryum 11-DHC seviyesi yumurta bırakmadan önce ve sonra düşüktür (38,3 ± 4,9-22,3 ± 2,6 ng/ml). E2 seviyesi yumurta bırakmadan önce 216,8 ± 31,1 ng/ml olarak belirlendi. Bu hormon yumurta bıraktıktan sonra 1. ve 5. günde azaldı ve 10. günde tekrar 216,8 ± 6,7 ng/ml'ye yükseldi. Bununla birlikte, E2 seviyesi 15. günde belirgin olarak düştü (61,5 ± 17,8 ng/ml) (P 0,01). P seviyesi yumurta bırakmadan önce düşüktü (23,4 ± 18,3 ng/ml). Onun seviyesi yumurta bıraktıktan sonra artmaya başladı ve 10. günde maksimum seviyeye ulaştı (200,7 ± 29,1 ng/ml) (P < 0,01) fakat 15. günde belirgin olarak düştü (63,2 ± 19,5 ng/ml) (P < 0,01). Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar: a) Ovulasyondan sonraki foliküllerde granüioza hücrelerinin steroitsentezlediğini, b) 11-DHC'nin yumurta bırakmadan önce ve sonra etkili olmadığını, c) E2'nin yumurta bırakmayı uyardığını, d) 17a-0H-P ve P'un yumurta bıraktıktan sonra etkili olduğunu gösterir. İnci kefalinde, ovulasyondan sonraki foliküllerde apoptotik hücrelerin, E2 and P'nin yumurta bıraktıktan sonra en düşük seviyede olduğu, 15. günde arttığı sonucu çıkarılabilir.The structure of postovulatory follicles and the levels of ovarian 11 -dehydrocorticosterone (11 -DHC), estradiol-17(3 (E2), 17oc-hydroxyprogesterone(17a-OH-P), and progesterone (P), before and after spawning, were studied in Chalcalburnus tarichi. It was observed that postovulatory follicles are characterized by a highly vascular thecal layer and hypertrophied granulosa cells containing dense smooth endoplasmic reticulum, many large mitochondria with tubular cristae, and lipid droplets. Ovary 11-DHC level was low in the pre- and post-spawning periods (38.3 &plusmn; 4.9-22.3 &plusmn; 2.6 ng/ml). The level of E2 was 216.8 &plusmn;31.1 ng/ml before spawning. This hormone declined on the 1st and 5th day after spawning and increased again to the level of 216.8 &plusmn; 6.7 ng/ml on the 10th day; however, the E2 level decreased significantly on the 15th day (61.5 &plusmn; 17.8 ng/ml) (P &lt; 0.01). The 17oc-OH-P level was low (84.5 &plusmn; 49.4 ng/ml) before spawning and reached a peak (295.7 &plusmn; 52.5 ng/ml) on the 10th postspawning day, but a slight decline was observed on the 15th day (190 &plusmn; 21.5 ng/ml) (P &gt; 0.01). The P level was low (23.4 &plusmn; 18.3 ng/ml) before spawning. Its level began to increase after spawning and reached a peak on the 10th postspawning day (200.7 &plusmn; 29.1 ng/ml) (P &lt; 0.01), but declined significantly on the 15th day (63.2 &plusmn; 19.5 ng/ml) (P &lt; 0.01). The results obtained from this study indicate that: a) In the postovulatory follicles, the granulosa cells produce steroids; b) 11 -DHC has no effect before or after spawning; c) E2 induces spawning; d) 17a-0H-P and P have an effect after spawning, it can be concluded that the apoptotic cells in postovulatory follicles increased on the 15th day, at which time E2 and P hormones were at their lowest levels after spawning in C. tarichi
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