140,140 research outputs found
Hydrodynamic instabilities in gaseous detonations: comparison of Euler, Navier–Stokes, and large-eddy simulation
Full text linkA large-eddy simulation is conducted to investigate the transient structure of an unstable detonation wave in two dimensions and the evolution of intrinsic hydrodynamic instabilities. The dependency of the detonation structure on the grid resolution is investigated, and the structures obtained by large-eddy simulation are compared with the predictions from solving the Euler and Navier–Stokes equations directly. The results indicate that to predict irregular detonation structures in agreement with experimental observations the vorticity generation and dissipation in small scale structures should be taken into account. Thus, large-eddy simulation with high grid resolution is required. In a low grid resolution scenario, in which numerical diffusion dominates, the structures obtained by solving the Euler or Navier–Stokes equations and large-eddy simulation are qualitatively similar. When high grid resolution is employed, the detonation structures obtained by solving the Euler or Navier–Stokes equations directly are roughly similar yet equally in disagreement with the experimental results. For high grid resolution, only the large-eddy simulation predicts detonation substructures correctly, a fact that is attributed to the increased dissipation provided by the subgrid scale model. Specific to the investigated configuration, major differences are observed in the occurrence of unreacted gas pockets in the high-resolution Euler and Navier–Stokes computations, which appear to be fully combusted when large-eddy simulation is employed
Fenómenos de concentración en geometría y análisis no lineal
No full textIngeniero Civil MatemáticoEl trabajo presentado en esta memoria se sitúa en la interfaz entre el análisis y la geometría. El interés recae en el estudio de fenómenos de concentración para dos problemas "geométricos" no lineales: la existencia de hipersuperficies con r-curvatura constante en variedades Riemannianas, y una ecuación de Schrödinger no lineal. Esta memoria se puede dividir en dos partes principales. La primera está dedicada a explorar algunos resultados sobre concentración de familias de hipersuperficies de curvatura media constante (o en general curvatura r-media constante) con topología no trivial en variedades Riemannianas compactas. Se recuerda que la curvatura r-media de una hipersuperficie se define como la r-ésima función simétrica elemental de las curvaturas principales de la hipersuperficie. Se prueba que las técnicas desarrolladas en el trabajo de Mahmoudi, Mazzeo y Pacard se pueden extender para manejar el caso de curvatura r-media con r>=1. Este fenómeno de concentración se relaciona en general con un fenómeno de resonancia, que hace el análisis particularmente delicado y que también se encuentra en el estudio de una clase de ecuaciones elípticas no lineales que presentan concentración sobre conjuntos de dimensión mayor.
En la segunda parte, correspondiente al paper presentado, se prueba un nuevo resultado sobre concentración en subvariedades para una ecuación de Schrödinger no lineal con potencial definido en una variedad Riemanniana suave y compacta M o el espacio Euclídeo R^n, resolviendo en completa generalidad una conjetura planteada por Ambrosetti, Malchiodi y Ni. Precisamente, se estudian soluciones positivas de la siguiente ecuación semilineal:
\e^2\Delta_{\bar g} u - V(z)u + u^{p} =0 en M,
donde (M,g) es una variedad Riemanniana n-dimensional suave, compacta y sin borde o el espacio Euclídeo R^n, e es un parámetro positivo pequeño, p>1 y V es un potencial uniformemente positivo. Se prueba que dado k=1,...,n-1 y 1<p<(n+2-k)/(n-2-k), y suponiendo que K es una subvariedad k-dimensional suave y encajada de M, que es estacionaria y no degenerada con respecto al funcional , entonces existe una secuencia e=\e_j \to 0 y soluciones positivas asociadas u=u_\e que concentran sobre K en el sentido de que decaen exponencialmente a cualquier distancia positiva a K. En particular este enfoque explora una conexión entre soluciones de esta ecuación de Schrödinger no lineal y subvariedades f-minimales en variedades con densidad
Spatially-localized time dependent solutions including turbulence and their interactions in 2D Kolmogorov flow
No full textIn 2D Kolmogorov flow in small aspect ratio domains, spatially-localized solutions such as kink, traveling or time-dependent kink-antikink pars coexist. However, the conservation of the flow rate in the y direction strongly restrict combination of localized solutions and their positioning. We find that by adding a homogeneous flow U y their positioning is controlled and each of localized solutions including a spatially-localized chaos is isolated. Numerical results suggest that these isolated solutions can be elements constructing a whole flow
Novel technologies and future perspectives of drug-eluting stent
No full textAs compared with bare metal stents (BMS), Drug-eluting stents (DES) have dramatically reduced the incidence of target lesion revascularization and neointimal formation. There are, however, potential toxic effects of DES upon arterial tissue. Previous pathological studies have indicated that durable polymers and the drug itself play critical role in delayed endothelialization, persistent inflammation, hypersensitivity, apoptosis, necrosis, and positive remodeling leading to adverse cardiovascular events. To address these issues, new generation DES, biodegradable polymers, polymer-free and fully bioabsorbable scaffolds are currently in evolution. This review summarized the clinical trials that have assessed the feasibility and efficacy of new generation DES. A number of pivotal trials have also demonstrated the non-inferiority of biodegradable polymer or polymer-free DES to durable polymer DES in terms of clinical outcomes and angiographic in-stent late loss, although long-term follow-up data remain sparse. Fully absorbable DES has also provided promising results in selected populations and requires sufficiently powered randomized studies to assess their safety and efficacy
Characteristics of overlap region in high-Reynolds number turbulent channel flow
No full textDirect numerical simulation of the fully developed turbulent channel flows have been carried out at the Reynolds number based on the friction velocity and the channel half width, 2000, 4000 and 8000. A hybrid 10th order accurate finite difference scheme in the stream and spanwise directions, and a second-order scheme in the wall-normal direction is adapted as the spatial discretization method. We observed the plateau profiles in the indicator function corresponded to the von Karman constant. Furthermore, second peak of streamwise pre-multiplied spectra were appeared in the same wall normal height, 300 < y+ < 600, in case of Re = 4000. Nevertheless, the effects of the lager than the channel half height scale on the streamwise turbulent intensity are fixed contributions without dependence on Reynolds number. These results suggested that the new streamwise vortexes are formed between buffer layer and outer layer with increasing of Reynolds number
Adaptive simulations of viscous detonations initiated by a hot jet using a high-order hybrid WENO–CD scheme
Full text linkIn the present work a sixth-order hybrid WENO–Centered Difference (CD) scheme with an adaptive mesh refinement method is employed to investigate gaseous detonation by injecting a hot jet into a hydrogen–oxygen combustible mixture flowing at supersonic speed. Two-dimensional reactive Navier–Stokes (NS) equations with one-step two-species chemistry model are solved numerically. The comparison between viscous and inviscid detonation structures shows that due to the absence of both the physical viscosity in Euler equations and minimization of numerical dissipation in the hybrid WENO–CD scheme, very small-scale vortices can be observed behind the detonation front. The diffusion effect in the NS equations suppresses the small-scale vortices, but it has negligible influence on the large-scale vortices generated by Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) instability and those along the highly unstable shear layers induced by Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability. When studying the same setup in an expanding channel and beyond the point of detonation initiation, it is found that because of the diffusion effect of detached shear layers, any unburned jet flow is consumed quickly and then additional energy is released periodically. Because of the formation of multiple secondary triple points and subsequent shear layers after the shutdown of the hot jet, a highly turbulent flow is produced behind the detonation front. Rather than the commonly known RM instability, the large-scale vortices involved in the highly unstable shear layers dominate the formation of the turbulent flow and the rapid turbulent mixing between the unburned jet flow and burned product. It is found that the size of unburned jets and vortices due to KH instability is growing for larger expansion angles. The further generated turbulent flow resulting from larger sized vortices, significantly enhances the mixing rate behind the Mach stem, leading to rapid consumption of the unburned reactants. Therefore, detonations propagate faster in channels with larger expansion angle and higher expansion ratio
La 'circunstancia' de 'Herederos y Pretendientes
Full text linkIn June 2010, the Ortega y Gasset Foundation hosted a Conference about the “Spanish Philosophical Transition” in order to debate the book of Francisco Vázquez, La filosofía española. Herederos y Pretendientes. Una lectura sociológica (1963-1990), recently published. This paper is the author’s response to criticism raised in the Conference and to published reviews received by this book. First, the author summarized the argument of Herederos y pretendientes. Secondly he responds and takes into account the most important objections against the book’s hypothesis and methodology. Finally the author evaluates the favorable judgments received by the book and suggests the limits of the historian’s task.Fundación Ortega y Gasset-Marañó
Author self-citation in orthodontics is associated with author origin and gender.
Full text linkBACKGROUND
The aims of this bibliometric study were to determine author self-citation trends in high-impact orthodontic literature and to investigate possible association between self-citation and publication characteristics.
METHODS
Six orthodontic journals with the highest impact factor as ranked by 2017 Journal Citation Reports were screened for a full publication year (2018) for original research articles, reviews, and case reports. Eligible articles were scrutinized for article and author characteristics and citation metrics. Univariable and multivariable negative binomial regression was used to examine associations between self-citation incidence and publication characteristics.
RESULTS
Medians for author self-citation rate of the most self-citing authors and self-citations were 3.03% (range 0-50) and 1 (range 0-19), respectively. In the univariable analysis, there was no association between self-citation counts and study type (P = 0.41), article topic (P = 0.61), number of authors (P = 0.62), and rank of authors (P = 0.56). Author origin (P = 0.001), gender (P = 0.001) and journal (P = 0.05) were associated with self-citation counts and in the multivariable analysis only origin and gender remained strong self-citation predictors. Asian authors and females self-cited significantly less often than all other regions and male authors.
CONCLUSIONS
Authors in orthodontics do not self-cite at a frequency that suggests potential citation manipulation. Author origin and gender were the only variables associated with citations counts. More bibliometric research is necessary to draw solid conclusions about author self-citation trends in orthodontic literature
Overview of the Author Profiling Task at PAN 2013
Full text link[EN] This overview presents the framework and results for the Author Profiling
task at PAN 2013. We describe in detail the corpus and its characteristics,
and the evaluation framework we used to measure the participants performance to
solve the problem of identifying age and gender from anonymous texts. Finally,
the approaches of the 21 participants and their results are described.The author profiling task @PAN-2013 was an activity of the WIQ-EI IRSES project (Grant No. 269180) within the FP 7 Marie Curie People Framework of the European Commission. We want to thank the Forensic Lab of the Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona for sponsoring the award for the winner team. The work of the first author was partially funded by Autoritas Consulting SA and by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España under grant ECOPORTUNITY IPT-2012-1220-430000. The work of the second author was in the framework the DIANA-APPLICATIONS-Finding Hidden Knowledge in Texts: Applications (TIN2012-38603-C02-01) project, and the VLC/CAMPUS Microcluster on Multimodal Interaction in Intelligent Systems. The work of fifth author was funded in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) project "Mining Conversational Content for Topic Modelling and Author Identification (ChatMiner)" under grant number 200021_130208.Rangel, F.; Rosso, P.; Koppel, M.; Stamatatos, E.; Inches, G. (2013). Overview of the Author Profiling Task at PAN 2013. CLEF Conference on Multilingual and Multimodal Information Access Evaluation. 352-365. https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/46636S35236
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