1,721,558 research outputs found
Development of childhood asthma prediction models using machine learning and data integration
No full textChildhood asthma is a chronic respiratory disease with substantial heterogeneity in its pathophysiology, presentation, trajectory and risk factors, particularly in early life. With the difficulty of obtaining an objective diagnosis before the age of five, the ability to predict childhood asthma could facilitate the identification of high-risk children, reduce misdiagnoses of probable asthmatics or encourage the implementation of primary prevention strategies and personalised asthma management. To promote the prediction of childhood asthma, a systematic review of existing prognostic prediction models for childhood asthma was conducted and demonstrated that current models have mainly been developed using traditional regression-based methods, with few independently validated and none being used in routine clinical practice. With the exploration of regression-based methods suggested to have been exhausted, this thesis aimed to explore novel approaches of data integration to improve current childhood asthma predictions using machine learning methods.Using data from the Isle of Wight Birth Cohort (IOWBC, n=1456), the Childhood Asthma Prediction in Early-life (CAPE) and Childhood Asthma Prediction at Preschool-age (CAPP) models were developed to predict school-age asthma at 10 years using state-of-the-art machine learning methods. The CAPE and CAPP models used clinical and environmental data available from the first two year and first four years of life, respectively. Genome-wide genotype and methylation data were used to develop a polygenic risk score (PRS) and two novel methylation risk scores (MRS) (a newborn MRS, nMRS, and childhood MRS, cMRS) to predict childhood asthma, respectively. These genomic models were subsequently incorporated with the CAPE and CAPP models using a step-wise approach. The generalisability of all developed models was evaluated using data from the Manchester Asthma and Allergy Study (MAAS).The CAPE and CAPP models demonstrated superior performance against their respective benchmark regression-based models based on area under the curve, with the CAPP model also surpassing the current best performing validated model, the Paediatric Asthma Risk Score (AUC: CAPE=0.71 vs. 0.64, CAPP=0.82 vs. PARS=0.80). The models offered good generalisability in MAAS and offered excellent sensitivity to predict a subgroup of individuals presenting with a persistent wheeze phenotype. Individually, the PRS and novel MRSs demonstrated moderate predictive ability (AUC: PRS=0.64, nMRS=0.61, cMRS=0.61). The integration of these genomic risk scores with the CAPE and CAPP models showed marginal improvement in performance (integrated CAPE=0.75, integrated CAPP=0.84). Overall, the incorporation of genetic and epigenetic data to predict the broad phenotype of asthma offered limited predictive improvement.Using machine learning approaches, the CAPE and CAPP models were able to improve upon the current regression-based models for the prediction of childhood asthma. Coupled with the excellent sensitivity of the CAPE and CAPP models to predict a subgroup of individuals presenting with a persistent wheeze phenotype, this thesis suggests further exploration of the utility of machine learning methods focused on predicting asthma endotypes is warranted
Development of childhood asthma prediction models using machine learning and data integration
No full textDataset to support University of Southampton Doctoral Thesis "Development of childhood asthma prediction models using machine learning and data integration".
DESCRIPTION OF THE DATA
Data comprises of clinical data from the Isle of Wight Birth Cohort (IOWBC) used in this thesis, including data dictionaries, intermediate datasets relevant for analyses performed in this thesis as well as documentation for ethical approval, patient consent forms and participant information sheets.
Source code for analyses performed in this these are also provided alongside supplementary results, including: full descriptions of the candidate features considered during the development of the genomic risk scores for childhood asthma; full descriptions of the performance measures reported in the IOWBC for all candidate prediction models developed using machine learning approaches; all final trained childhood asthma prediction models to support the future application of the models developed in this thesis.
Scripts and Supplementary Results are available to download, datasets are available 'on request' only to bone fide researchers. Please complete the attached request form and we will seek approval for the request from the IOW Birth Cohort Data Access Committee
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Fruit and Vegetable Derived Waste as a Sustainable Alternative Source of Nutraceutical Compounds
Get PDFDietary phytochemicals are widely investigated in the eld of chemistry, biology, nutrition, and medicine for their potential health-promoting eects. Indeed, many in vitro and in vivo studies provide evidence that a number of these compounds are involved in the prevention and/or control of chronic disorders such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
e exponential growth of plant waste production from the agrofood industry is a critical global issue, considering its storage, disposal, environmental impact, and potential health risks. However, the exploitation of plant wastes/by-products for the recovery of added-value compounds oers new avenue for industrial growth and waste management. Indeed, the research and development of new
functional foods and health products from low-cost raw materials is of great importance in nutraceutical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and agribusiness sectors. Besides, optimizing the processing methods of waste products in order to reduce biomass utilization and environmental risks, as well as to improve recovery of added-value compounds, represents an urgent and necessary technological innovation for the bene t of mankind. In an industrial point of view, moreover, the utilization of food waste for recovering nutraceuticals is economical not only in production line but also in their disposal e purpose of this special issue is to feature the scienti cknowledge on the nutraceuticals associated with plant waste products derived from fruits and vegetables and their in vivo
and in vitro bioactivities. e information disseminated through this issue is hoped to serve as an interdisciplinary link between biochemistry of nutrition, functional foods, and food technologies. Knowledge of not only quantity and quality of nutrients and nonnutrients present in such functional foods but also their bioactivity may provide broader and valuable information on the food quality eld of research. is special issue about “Fruit and vegetable derived waste as a sustainable alternative source of nutraceutical compounds” covers research articles from dierent perspectives.
Overall, most of the papers have been related to (i) extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds from plant by-products as sources of health-related bene- cial compounds; (ii) process ptimization; (iii) development of new products and functional foods; and (iv) in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of nutraceutical components present or extracted from plant food wastes.
Among the submitted manuscripts, ve papers have been selected to be part of this special issue. e paper authored by V. Lele et al. deals with the development of chewing candy (CC)—utraceutical formulations from juices and by-products of juices of the fruits sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and quince (Cydonia oblonga L.) with antimicrobial properties against a panel of pathogenic
bacteria strains. Two texture-forming agents (agar and gelatin) were tested for CC formulation. e results obtained in this study indicated that all samples (juices and juice byproducts) displayed antimicrobial activity against all the Hindawi Journal of Food Quality Volume 2018, Article ID 8136190, 2 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8136190
pathogens tested, and the largest inhibition zones against
Bacillus and Proteus mirabilis were observed for sea buckthorn
juice and quince juice, respectively. Moreover, the
addition of all samples (sea buckthorn and quince juices and
juice by-products) increased the antioxidant activity and
total phenolic content of CC. e study
by Zafra-Rojas et al. analyses chemicals, minerals, organic
acids, antioxidants, and dietary fiber of Mexican blackberry
(Rubus fruticosus cv Tupy) residues and compares it with
a prune-based commercial product. e Bigarade is a bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L. cv
Bigarade) whose unpleasant taste mainly restricts its utilization
to industrial extraction of essential oils. e results show that the debittering process,
including treatment with salt (NaCl), heat, and water decreases
acidity, sugars, proteins, bioactive compounds, and
reducing power, whereas increases the ash rate. Nevertheless,
this jam still remains an interesting source of bioactive
compounds with antioxidant potential, to be considered for
dietary purposes. e paper authored by Al-Widyan
et al. faces the interesting problem of treatment and exploitation
of olive oil industry by-products and wastes, in
particular the solid waste, a lingocellulosic organic material
called olive cake. Considering that the processing at the olive
mills, usually performed during the cold season, needs large
amounts of hot water and then expensive diesel fuel, the
authors propose building a system combining a ground well
component (receiving water from tankers that bring the
water from nearby springs) and a heat recovery component
exploiting the aerobic biological fermentation of the olive
waste. A number of analyses are performed to assure that the
olive cake can be used for extended periods as a source of
fermentation. e
authors have also shown that the flour and the cookies
formulations are rich in essential minerals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn,
Ca, and Mg) and polyphenols (200 to 658 mg GAE/100 g).
Overall, the research highlights that the custard apple bagasse
pulp flour can be incorporated in food formulations to
improve nutritional and functional properties
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Kedudukan Komisi Banding Merek dalam perlindungan sistem pendaftaran merek / Mahesha Rhani Jenar
No full textPenelitian ini membahas tentang kedudukan Komisi Banding sebagai salah satu lembaga bantu negara yang ada di Indonesia yang bertugas membantu fungsi administrasi Negara dalam perlindungan pendaftaran Merek dan penegakan hukum di bidang Merek. Pemohon Merek yang Permohonan Banding Mereknya ditolak dapat mengajukan gugatan atas keputusan Komisi Banding Merek kepada Pengadilan Niaga dan kasasi kepada Mahkamah Agung. Dari sekelumit latar belakang yang baru diuraikan, maka pokok permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana kedudukan Komisi Banding Merek dalam perlindungan sistem pendaftaran Merek dan bagaimana akibat hukum dari keputusan yang dihasilkan oleh Komisi Banding Merek. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normative dengan menggunakan data sekunder yaitu keputusan Komisi Banding Merek pada Merek Cititrans dan Aq-Va Hotel & Villas serta putusan Mahkamah Agung pada Merek Excel Asia Takasago Rim dan Yucom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jika Komisi Banding Merek merupakan salah satu Lembaga Non Struktural yang pembentukannya berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan tentang Merek dan peraturan pelaksananya. Dalam hal keputusan Komisi Banding Merek menolak Permohonan Banding Merek maka Pemohon Merek dapat mengajukan gugatan pembatalan atas keputusan Komisi Banding Merek tersebut kepada Pengadilan Niaga dan kasasi kepada Mahkamah Agung. Penelitian ini juga menjelaskan kedudukan lembaga sejenis Komisi Banding Merek yang berada di negara di negara Thailand, Vietnam, Cina dan Jepang
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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