1,720,959 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Novel insights into stress granule formation and composition: implications for cellular signaling
No full textTo respond to environmental or disease-associated stress, eukaryotic cells evolved several strategies that promote survival and restore homeostasis. One of the conserved cellular responses to stress is the formation of stress granules (SGs). SGs are membraneless compartments that form transiently in the cytoplasm of stressed cells. SG formation serves as a mechanism to reduce cellular energy expenditure by sequestering mRNAs and proteins, while upregulating repair processes. Overall, this strategy helps cells to survive a large variety of injuries. To better understand the biological functions of SGs, I developed novel microscopy-based methods that evaluate SG composition and formation. My protocols perform the automated detection and quantification of several SG parameters at the single cell or even single SG level. Applying these methods, I measured proteins and mRNAs in SGs. My quantitative data demonstrate how different types of stress determine SG parameters. Moreover, I analyzed several aspects of SG biology at the molecular level. This includes the cellular trafficking of nuclear transport factors of the importin-α family. Importin-α proteins and their binding partner importin-β1 are important for nucleocytoplasmic communication. Stress interferes with the subcellular localization of transport factors. My studies identified distinct importin-α family members as well as importin-β1 as SG components. They are recruited to SGs under various stress conditions.SG formation is controlled by different signaling pathways. I identified 5'-AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a novel SG constituent. AMPK acts as an energy sensor that maintains cellular homeostasis under different growth conditions, including stress. My results show that AMPK regulates SG biogenesis. Using mutant forms of the kinase, genetic knockdown and pharmacological inhibition, I demonstrate that the enzymatic activity of AMPK is necessary during stress to stimulate SG formation. Ultimately, this AMPK-dependent function promotes the survival of stressed cells.Defects in SG formation and stress sensing are linked to several pathological conditions in humans. As such, they are implicated in neurodegeneration, cancer, viral infections and other conditions. Together, my studies generated novel insights into SG composition and formation in human cells. These results have translational implications for the future development of novel therapeutic approaches that target SG-associated pathologies.Pour répondre au stress environnemental ou associé à une maladie, les cellules eucaryotes ont développé plusieurs stratégies qui favorisent leur survie et restaurent l'homéostasie. L'une des réponses cellulaires conservées face au stress est la formation de granules de stress (SGs). SGs sont des compartiments sans membrane qui forment transitoirement dans le cytoplasme des cellules stressées. La formation de SGs sert de mécanisme pour réduire les dépenses d'énergie cellulaire en séquestrant l'ARNm et certaines protéines, pendant que les processus de réparation sont rehaussés. Dans l'ensemble, cette stratégie permet aux cellules de survivre à une grande variété de dommages. Pour mieux comprendre les fonctions biologiques des SGs, j'ai développé de nouvelles méthodes basées sur la microscopie qui évaluent la composition et formation de SGs. Mes protocoles effectuent la détection et quantification automatiques de plusieurs paramètres de SGs, à l'échelle d'une seule cellule ou même de SG unique. En appliquant ces méthodes, j'ai mesuré les protéines et les ARNm dans des SGs. Mes données quantitatives montrent comment différents types de stress déterminent les paramètres de SGs.En outre, j'ai analysé plusieurs aspects de la biologie des SGs au niveau moléculaire. Cela inclut le trafic cellulaire des facteurs de transport nucléaire de la famille importin-α. Les protéines importin-α et leur partenaire l'importin-β1 sont importants pour la communication nucléocytoplasmique. Le stress interfère avec la localisation subcellulaire de ces facteurs de transport. Mes études ont identifié des membres distincts de la famille importin-α ainsi que l'importin-β1 en tant que composants des SGs. Ils sont recrutés aux SGs sous diverses conditions de stress.La formation de SG est contrôlée par différentes voies de signalisation. J'ai identifié la protéine kinase activée par l'AMP (AMPK) en tant que nouveau constituant des SGs. L'AMPK agit comme un capteur du niveau énergétique qui maintient l'homéostasie cellulaire dans différentes conditions de croissance, y compris durant le stress. Mes résultats montrent que l'AMPK régule la biogenèse des SGs. En utilisant des formes mutantes de la kinase, l'inactivation génétique par knockdown et l'inhibition pharmacologique, je démontre que l'activité enzymatique de l'AMPK est nécessaire au cours du stress pour stimuler la formation des SGs. Ultimement, cette fonction de l'AMPK favorise la survie des cellules stressées. Les défauts dans la formation de SGs et la détection de stress sont liés à plusieurs conditions pathologiques chez l'homme. A ce titre, ils sont impliqués dans la neurodégénérescence, le cancer, les infections virales et d'autres conditions. Collectivement, mes études apportent de nouveaux éléments d'information sur la composition et la formation des SGs dans les cellules humaines. Ces résultats ont des implications translationnelles pour le développement futur de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques qui ciblent les pathologies associées aux SGs
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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