1,720,972 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Synthesis and Characterizations of Organometallic Lead Halide Perovskite Single Crystals for Photovoltaic Applications
No full textSolar energy is a clean source of energy that can help to fulfill the increasing global energy demand. Among light-harvesting devices, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been a focus of interest among next-generation photovoltaic (PV) technologies due to their incredible conversion efficiency (certified PCE of ~25.2%) along with their lower cost and ease of fabrication. However, many transport barriers and defect trap states at the interfaces and grain boundaries have negative effects on PSCs. It decreases their efficiency and stability and increases the hysteresis effect. From the literature survey, the above drawbacks can be minimized by controlling the morphology, grain boundary, grain size, charge recombination, and density of defect states in the perovskite layer by different surface passivation. However, the growth of high-quality single-crystal (SC) perovskite films is a great strategy for the fabrication of defect-free PSCs with photovoltaic parameters close to the theoretical limit, which resulted in high efficiency and superior stability of the device. Thus, considering the potential improvement in terms of stability and performance of PSCs using single-crystalline perovskite absorbing layer and different passivation layers, this work focuses on synthesizing perovskite single crystals and passivation layer for photovoltaic applications. Methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) is the most commonly used photo absorber in PSCs. We have chosen MAPbI3 perovskite single crystal in the present work and modified them with guanidinium (GUA) cation and bromide halides. Following single crystals (SCs) were synthesized via inverse temperature crystallization (ITC) synthesis root. 1. MAPbI3 and Methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) SCs 2. GUAxMA1-xPbI3 SCs 3. MAPb(I1-x Brx)3 SCs (x = 0.04, 0.08, 0.12 and 0.16) However, a water-resistive lead sulfate layer is used as a surface passivator for improving the stability against moisture. XRD patterns of grounded crystals showed a single perovskite phase. There is no grain boundary (from SEM microstructure study). Temperature stability of the MAPbI3 SCs ware examined by temperature depended XRD patterns. From the detailed bias- and temperature-dependent studies, we found that the low-frequency capacitance values are influenced by ion density and mobility. Consequently, single-crystalline MAPbI3 depicts an activation energy of ~0.53–0.54 eV with an exceptionally low electronic trap density of ~0.96 × 1010 cm–3. The small substitution of Methylammonium (MA) with guanidinium (GUA) decreases the activation energy for iodide ion migration in comparison to pristine MAPbI3 SCs. The presence of large GUA cations in the 3D perovskite structure induces lattice enlargement, which perturbs the atomic interactions within the perovskite lattice. Consequently, the GUAxMA1−xPbI3 crystal exhibits a higher degree of hysteresis during current-voltage (J–V) measurements than the single crystalline MAPbI3 counterpart. It is found that I/Br alloying structure effectively slows down the degradation of MAPbI3 SCs over time. Single-phase cubic structure was obtained from XRD study when a certain amount of Br (x=0.12) incorporated in MAPbI3 SCs, leading to a tetragonal to the cubic phase transition. We find that the smaller Br atoms decrease the lattice spacing of the MAPbI3 SCs, which restricts the ion migrations and increases the activation energy, leading to improve stability of MAPbI3 SCs. The calculated activation energy of ~0.34±0.007 and ~0.51±0.008 eV is associated with the tetragonal and cubic phases of MAPbI3 SCs. A clear tetragonal-cubic phase transition of the MAPbI3 SCs was noticed in the 50-55 oC temperature range. On the other hand, tetragonal-cubic phase transition temperatures are decreasing with Br inclusion, and the most crucial benefits in terms of phase stability are found for MAPb(I0.88Br0.12)3 SCs. We fabricated MAPb(I1-x Brx)3 SCs based photodetectors (PDs) and studied their response and stability. The best values reached for MAPb(I0.88Br0.12)3 SC PDs under white light with an intensity of ~0.5 mW cm-2, and the values of responsivity and specific detectivity are ~2.049 mA/W and ~15.19 × 1010 jones, respectively. More importantly, the photocurrent of MAPb(I0.88Br0.12)3 SCs based photodetectors (PDs) decrease by only ~54% without encapsulation, while the photoresponse of MAPbI3 PDs is reduced by ~81% after 365 days. Additionally, the responsivity of PDs with 12% Br doping is decreased by only ~15.4% compared to a ~37.5 % reduction for pure MAPbI3 SC-based planar PDs after 10 days of continuous operation. We studied the role of lead sulfate (PbSO4) as an effective passivator in MAPbI3 and MAPbBr3 SCs. Using impedance spectroscopy, we evaluated the ion migration and electrical properties of lead sulfate-passivated MAPbI3 and MAPbBr3 SCs. We found that the low-frequency impedance response that is assigned to the ionic motion in the MAPbBr3 and SCs is strongly affected by the inorganic PbSO4 surface treatment. The activation energy corresponding to the ion migration of MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3 SC increased from ~0.28 to ~0.36 eV and ~0.54 and ~0.59 eV after PbSO4 surface treatment, respectively. The temperature-dependent I–V hysteresis of the MAPbBr3 SCs upon PbSO4 passivation was also measured. We found that such PbSO4 surface treatment stabilizes the crystal surface and improves the hysteresis properties of the crystals at elevated temperatures
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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