917 research outputs found
Emphysema
No full textChronic Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. The most common cause is chronic cigarette smoke inhalation which results in a chronic progressive debilitating lung disease with systemic involvement. COPD poses considerable challenges to health care resources, both in the chronic phase and as a result of acute exacerbations which can often require hospital admission. At the current time it is vital that scientific resources are channeled towards understanding the pathogenesis and natural history of the disease, to direct new treatment strategies for rigorous evaluation. This book encompasses some emerging concepts and new treatment modalities which hopefully will lead to better outcomes for this devastating disease
Targeting a surface cavity of 1-antitrypsin to prevent conformational disease
No full textConformational diseases are caused by a structural rearrangement within a protein that results in aberrant intermolecular linkage and tissue deposition. This is typified by the polymers that form with the Z deficiency variant of alpha(1)-antitrypsin (Glu-342-->Lys). These polymers are retained within hepatocytes to form inclusions that are associated with hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We have assessed a surface hydrophobic cavity in alpha(1)-antitrypsin as a potential target for rational drug design in order to prevent polymer formation and the associated liver disease. The introduction of either Thr-114-->Phe or Gly-117-->Phe on strand 2 of beta-sheet A within this cavity significantly raised the melting temperature and retarded polymer formation. Conversely, Leu-100-->Phe on helix D accelerated polymer formation, but this effect was abrogated by the addition of Thr-114-->Phe. None of these mutations affected the inhibitory activity of alpha(1)-antitrypsin. The importance of these observations was underscored by the finding that the Thr-114-->Phe mutation reduced polymer formation and increased the secretion of Z alpha(1)-antitrypsin from a Xenopus oocyte expression system. Moreover cysteine mutants within the hydrophobic pocket were able to bind a range of fluorophores illustrating the accessibility of the cavity to external agents. These results demonstrate the importance of this cavity as a site for drug design to ameliorate polymerization and prevent the associated conformational disease
Sweetners perception of polyols
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Ovarian Clear Cell Adenofibroma of Low Malignant Potential developing into Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
No full textOvarian clear cell adenofibroma is uncommon, and borderline clear cell adenofibroma (low malignant potential) is extremely rare. Borderline clear cell adenofibromas may represent the precursor lesion of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary, but this has not been established. We present a case of a woman in her mid-fifties with a clear cell adenofibroma ranging from benign to borderline to frankly invasive. While some clear cell adenocarcinomas are thought to arise from endometriosis, this range of findings supports the theory that some ovarian clear cell adenocarcinomas originate from borderline tumors.Peer reviewe
Scoping study of research trends on Nili Ravi buffalo applying scientometric analysis and network visualization
No full textThe study elucidates scientometric analysis of published scientific communications on Nili Ravi buffalo in journal(s) for having an appraisal of status-quo of the research and scientific activities. Metadata of 383 articles retrieved from Scopus were analysed to identify the most productive author(s), institution(s) vis-a-vis countries and to ascertain their collaboration trends. Keyword based analysis was performed to provide an overview of the strength areas of research on Nili Ravi for better comprehension. The results revealed that the research efforts on Nili Ravi were discernible after the year 2005. All except 1.30% articles have been an outcome of the collaborative authorship. There were only few productive authors with ≥10 records, but others contributed on the subject occasionally. Nearly 90% of the articles have been contributed by Pakistan and its' authors have worked in close collaboration with scientists from United Kingdom, United States of America, China, Canada, and South Korea. They also have conjoint symbiosis on academic/research endavours on Nili Ravi with experts from Austria, Netherlands, India, Germany, Italy, and Australia. Twelve leading institutions contributed to ≥10 articles. Publication outcome of the Animal Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan; Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan and Semen Production Unit, Qadirabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan has higher Relative Citation Impact (RCI), making it obvious that their publication(s) have wider acceptance amongst scientific populace. Most productive vis-à-vis impactful journals publishing articles on Nili Ravi have also been identified
Massive Cellular Angiofibroma of the Vulva
No full textCellular angiofibromas of the vulva are uncommon, and usually small and circumscribed. A massive cellular angiofibroma extending into the pelvis is described.Peer reviewe
Ghana's labor market (1987-92)
No full textUsing the household survey and other data sources, the authors analyze returns to education and other aspects of Ghana's labor market profile from 1987 to 1991. The labor force grew slower than the population did between 1980 and 1990, but the supply of labor is expected to increase as the population of youth is expected to grow faster from 1990 to 2000. And labor force participation rates for 26- to 45-year-olds have been increasing rapidly. Over time, the average labor force participation rates of women have become equal to men's; that of children younger than 15 has remained unchanged at 38 percent. More than half of Ghana's child laborers are employed in agriculture. The formal sector's share of employment is on the decline, while the private informal sector's share has increased, especially in urban areas. Over time, the informal sector (in which most workers have a primary education or less) has absorbed more labor than the formal sector (in which most workers have middle or secondary schooling). Unemployment is pervasive in urban areas, and is less visible in rural areas. Labor productivity may not have increased and is possibly declining. Between 1987 and 1992, there was reverse migration, with many people moving from urban to rural areas, mostly for family reasons. Employment-related migration has also been on the increase. As is true elsewhere, the level of education affects participation in the labor force. Literacy rates for women are lower than those for men, which is one reason men dominate the private formal sector. The rate of return to education increases with higher education and work experience. The return for each additional year of schooling rangesfrom 4 percent to 6 percent in Ghana, quite high for a Sub-Saharan African country. Private and social returns to education are greater for primary than for secondary or postsecondary education.Public Health Promotion,Health Economics&Finance,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Labor Policies,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Economics&Finance,Labor Standards,Poverty Assessment
The value of intra-household survey data for age-based nutritional targeting
No full textThe object of this paper has been, first to develop a framework for upper-limit indicator targeting, and to illustrate it for age based targeting of nutrition interventions using data from the Philippines. Second, the authors provide quantitative estimates of the value of individual level information and of knowledge of the intra-household allocation of calories. For the sample, age proved to be a good indicator of undernutrition. However, this was not the case with household level calorie adequacy which rendered age less useful as a targeting instrument, at an often considerable calorie cost. Food sharing, on the other hand, truly rendered age less helpful as a targeting instrument because of within-household leakage. The authors conclude that the design of nutrition interventions can be very susceptible to the level of aggregation of available information. This is consistent with findings that while poverty or undernutrition rankings of groups defined on household level characteristics were not sensitive to the level of aggregation, the rankings of groups defined on individual characteristics were very sensitive. Perhaps the costs of collection of these intra-household data outweigh the benefits, but the experiments in this paper begin to answer questions about the costs of not collecting them.Poverty Lines,Youth and Governance,Science Education,Scientific Research&Science Parks,Health Monitoring&Evaluation
Heterogeneity, distribution, and cooperation in common property resource management
No full textThe report considers the role of group heterogeneity in the success or failure of common property resource management. The author argues that cooperative agreements are less likely to come about when agents are highly heterogeneous along relevant dimensions - and existing agreements are more likely to break down as a group becomes more heterogeneous. The author crystallizes his argument in simple numerical examples and illustrates by reference to case studies on common property resource management, in particular, cases involving fisheries and irrigation systems. More work is needed to substantiate the author's argument, but his analysis so far supports the argument that equity and efficiency complement rather than oppose each other.Agricultural Research,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Poverty Assessment,Common Property Resource Development,Environmental Economics&Policies
Children and intra-household inequality : a theoretical analysis
No full textArguing that resources within the household are not allocated according to need, several researchers have tried to model intra-household allocative behavior. One group (1990) argued that as households become better off, intra-household inequality first increases then decreases. The behavior of intra-household inequality as household welfare improves is clearly important for policy, as interventions are often restricted to the household level - although the objective is to improve the welfare of the least-well-off individual. The author shows here that many of the tractable derivations of intra-household resource allocation are available in what might be called the"linear expenditure systems"framework. He analyzes the relationship between intra-household inequality and total household resources for models of intra-household allocation that lead to a linear expenditure reduced form. He then investigates three structural models : household welfare maximization; cooperative bargaining; and a noncooperative game with children as public goods. The author indicates how these models should be modified to produce reduced forms that are better represented in the evidence.Urban Housing,Poverty Lines,Environmental Economics&Policies,Inequality,Housing&Human Habitats
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