1,720,959 research outputs found
Effects of chloroquine treatment on antioxidant enzymes in rat liver and kidney.
No full textA journal article with illustrations,The effect of chloroquine (CHQ) administration on antioxidant enzymes in rat liver and kidney was
studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 20 mglkg CHQ once a week for 4 weeks (chronic treatment)
or a single dose at 10 or 20 mglkg (acute treatment). Antioxidant enzyme activities were determined in cytosolic
fractions of liver and kidney, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in
tissue samples. Results indicate minimal effects of acute CHQ treatment, whereas chronic treatment with CHQ
differentially affected antioxidant enzymes in the two organs. Superoxide dismutase activity was increased nearly
twofold, while activities of selenium glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase, and NAD (P) H: quinone oxidoreductase
were decreased in livers of CHQ-treated rats compared to controls. No significant effects of CHQ on glutathione
reductase, GSH, and MDA levels were seen in the liver. Fewer effects of CHQ were observed in the kidney where
a decrease in GPX activity and an increase in MDA levels was seen. Lowering of antioxidant enzymes activities in
the liver by CHQ could render the organ more susceptible to subsequent oxidative stress; while increased MDA
production after CHQ treatment in the kidney indicate that the organ is being subjected to oxidative stress. This
could have implications for prolonged chloroquine intake.,International Programme in the Chemical
Sciences (IPICS), Uppsala University, Sweden, and the University of
Zimbabwe Research Board
Chloroquine has not Disappeared
Get PDFChloroquine (CHQ), an antimalarial, is also used as an
anti-inflammatory drug for systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid
arthritis (RA). Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) reduces the frequency of organ
involvement and disease flares, and relieves skin and joint symptoms.
CHQ reduces the immunologically-mediated inflammation of the joints.
HCQ and combination therapies have a significant benefit on synovitis,
pain and physical disability on RA.We advocate the investment of
resistance Plasmodium prevalence determinations in countries beset by
malaria, and to match thereafter the quantity of persons administered
CHQ. Follow-up investigations are essential to diagnose and prevent
visual damage
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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