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The optimum harvest dates and storage methods for apples M-15/07
No full textThe quality of apples at the point of consumption varies
according to the interaction between the maturity stage at
harvest and the proper use of storage technologies. As a result,
the ideal harvest and the most appropriate technologies for
maximum quality apples at harvest and after storage should be
established before the release of new cultivars. Through
breeding Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Company
of Santa Catarina (EPAGRI) launched several cultivars and
others selections are in the final evaluation. The M-15/07 is
one of these selections at pre-release and it was used as subject
of this study. Two independent experiments were performed.
The first was realized looking for to determine the maturation
indices at the ideal point of harvest of apples M-15/07
destined for cold storage during long periods under controlled
atmosphere (CA). The fruits were harvested weekly at 121 to
153 DAFB (days after full bloom). These fruits were stored for
seven months at CA (1,5 kPa O2 and 1,5 kPa CO2, temperature
of 0,7±0,5º C and relative humidity of 93±3 %), and the fruit
quality characters were evaluated at the day after each
collection and at the end of storage, after one and seven days at
ambient conditions. The second experiment was realized
aiming to determine the method and the storage potential of the
apples M-15/07 in different conditions. The fruits were
harvested on a single date, and they were or not treated with 1-
methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), and then stored in atmosphere
of air (AA; temperature of 0,5±0,5º C and relative humidity of
85±5 %) or controlled atmosphere (CA; 1,5 kPa O2 and 1,5 kPa
CO2, temperature of 0,7±0,5º C and relative humidity of 93±3
%). The fruits were analyzed after 85, 142, 204 and 270 days
of storage, followed by seven days at 20º C. According to the
first experiment, the optimal harvesting point of apples M-
15/07 stored for long periods at CA occurred between 121 and
138 DAFB. Maturity indices for this period ranged from 18,3
to 17,2 lb (81,4 to 76,5 N) for firmness, 11,7 to 12,8 % for
soluble solids, 0,301 to 0,259 % for titratable acidity (TA), 4,7
to 8,2 for starch content, and 2,2 to 2,7 for the epidermis
background color. According to the second experiment, apples
M-15/07 , when in cold storage under an atmosphere of air
(AA) have presented lower maintenance of quality, since the
respiratory and ethylene production rate in this situation was
quite high and the fruit quality parameters, such as firmness
pulp, titratable acidity, and soluble solids, were lower before
the other treatments, associated with the background color
more yellowish skin. The fruits of selection M-15/07 were
treated with 1-MCP and storage in AA or in cold storage under
controlled atmosphere (CA) or storage in CA without 1-MCP
treatment, presented lower respiratory ethylene production
rates and higher TA and SS content. The use of 1-MCP was
beneficial for maintaining the firmness of the apples M-
15/07 . The disorders and diseases, in general, were checked
after 270 days of storage, considered the limited period of
storage for apples M-15/07 in this studyA qualidade de maçãs no ponto de consumo varia em função
da interação entre o estádio de maturação na colheita e o uso
adequado de tecnologias de armazenagem. Em função disso, o
ponto ideal de colheita e as tecnologias mais adequadas para
atingir a máxima qualidade de maçãs na colheita e após a
armazenagem devem ser estabelecidos antes do lançamento de
novas cultivares. Através do melhoramento genético a Empresa
de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina
(EPAGRI) lançou diversas cultivares e outras estão em fase
final de avaliação. A M-15/07 é uma dessas seleções em prélançamento,
e foi adotada como objeto dos estudos. Foram
realizados dois experimentos independentes. O primeiro
objetivou a determinação dos índices de maturação visando o
ponto ideal de colheita de maçãs M-15/07 destinadas para a
armazenagem refrigerada sob atmosfera controlada (AC) por
longos períodos. Os frutos foram colhidos, semanalmente, no
período de 121 a 153 DAPF (dias após a plena floração). Os
frutos foram armazenados por sete meses em AC (1,5 kPa de
O2 e 1,5 kPa de CO2, temperatura 0,7±0,5º C e umidade
relativa do ar de 93±3 %), e avaliados no dia seguinte a cada
colheita e no final da armazenagem, após um e sete dias em
condição ambiente. O segundo experimento teve como objetivo
a determinação do método e do potencial de armazenagem dos
frutos da seleção M-15/07 em diferentes condições. Os frutos,
colhidos em uma única data, foram tratados ou não com 1-
metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) e armazenados em atmosfera do ar
(AA; temperatura de 0,5±0,5º C e umidade relativa do ar de
85±5 %) ou em atmosfera controlada (AC; 1,5 kPa de O2 e 1,5
kPa de CO2, temperatura de 0,7±0,5º C e umidade relativa do
ar de 93±3 %). Os frutos foram analisados após 85, 142, 204 e
270 dias de armazenagem, seguido de sete dias a 20º C. De
acordo com o primeiro experimento, o ponto ideal de colheita
de maçãs M-15/07 armazenadas por longos períodos em AC
ocorreu entre 121 e 138 DAPF. Os índices de maturação para
esse período variaram de 18,3 a 17,2 lb (81,4-76,5 N) para
firmeza, de 11,7 a 12,8 % para sólidos solúveis, de 0,301 a
0,259 % para acidez titulável, de 4,7 a 8,2 para índice de amido
e de 2,2 a 2,7 para cor de fundo da epiderme. De acordo com o
segundo experimento, as maçãs M-15/07 , quando em
armazenagem refrigerada sob atmosfera do ar (AA)
apresentaram menor conservação e menor manutenção da
qualidade, uma vez que a taxa respiratória e de produção de
etileno nessa situação mostrou-se elevada, e os parâmetros de
qualidade de fruto, como a firmeza de polpa, a acidez titulável,
e os teores de sólidos solúveis foram menores diante dos
demais tratamentos, associado à cor de fundo da epiderme mais
amarelada. Os frutos da seleção M-15/07 armazenados em AA
ou em armazenagem refrigerada sob atmosfera controlada
(AC) tratados com 1-MCP e frutos armazenados em AC não
tratados com 1-MCP apresentaram menores taxas respiratória e
de produção de etileno, e maiores teores de AT e SS. O uso do
1-MCP foi benéfico para a manutenção da firmeza de polpa
dos frutos da seleção de macieira M-15/07 . Os distúrbios e
podridões, de maneira geral, foram verificados após 270 dias
de armazenagem, sendo esse o limite de tempo recomendado
para o armazenamento de maçãs M-15/0
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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