1,720,967 research outputs found
INTRODUCTION
No full textDiscovering hidden recurring patterns in observable behavioral processes is an important issue frequently faced by numerous advanced students and researchers across many research areas, such as, for example, psychology, biology, sports, robotics, media, finance, and medicine. As generally, the many powerful methods included in statistical software packages were not developed for this kind of analysis, discovering such patterns has proven a particularly difficult task, due to a lack of (a) adequate formalized models of the kinds of patterns to look for, (b) corresponding detection algorithms, and (c) their implementation in available software.
The research described in this book is based on the application of such pattern types, algorithms, and software developed over decades or since the late 1970s and until this day in the context of research in collaboration with human and animal behavioral research teams at internationally leading universities in the USA and Europe, thus testing the usefulness and validity of the pattern types, algorithms, and software in numerous research areas.
With the (scale-independent statistical hierarchical and fractal-like) T-Pattern at its heart, a set of proposed pattern types, called the T-System, forms the basis for the search algorithms implemented as the software THEMETM (v 6), which is easily available in free educational and full commercial versions (copyright www.patternvision.com). Recent original additions to the T-System and Theme are the T-Burst, the T-Packet (with its gravity and repulsion zone), T-Associates, T-Satellites, and T-Taboos.
As each chapter of this book describes a different research application of T-Pattern Detection and Analysis with THEMETM, it can be seen as a sequel to Anolli et al. eds. book The Hidden Structure of Interactions: From Neurons to Culture Patterns . Both books can also be seen as products of an international research network, called “Methodology for the Analysis of Social Interaction” (MASI), based on a formal international interuniversity collaboration convention between leading European universities, with “Magnusson’s analytical model” as the common reference, initiated in 1995 by the University of Paris V, René Descartes and fi rst signed by the rectors and presidents of seven universities, but now involves 24 universities in Europe and the Americas. Both books include a number of contributions from collaborators outside the MASI network, for example, in the area of human interaction at the University of Chicago in continuation of collaboration since the beginning of this R&D effort in the 1970s; moreover, the University of Arizona (deception in interactions, Burgoon et al.); the University of California, Irvine (psychiatry, Sandman et al.); the University of Palermo, Italy (behavior and brain research, Casarrubea et al.); and the University of Cambridge, UK (neuroscience; multi-cell interaction patterns in living brains, Nicol et al.).
The chapters of this book provide advanced students and researchers highly varied models for their own research with easily available software tools (including free educational version) and should be a natural addition to university and research libraries
Temporal patterns analysis of rat behavior in hole-board
No full textThe aim of present research was to analyze the temporal structure of rodent's anxiety-related behavior in hole-board apparatus (HB). Fifteen male Wistar rats were tested for 10 min. Video files, collected for each subject, were coded by means of a software coder and event log files generated for each subject. To assess temporal relationships among behavioral events, log files were processed by means of a t-pattern analysis. 14 two-element t-patterns, four t-patterns encompassing 3 events and 2 t-patterns encompassing 4 and 5 events respectively were revealed. It was demonstrated that rat behavior in HB was mainly structured on the basis of the temporal patterning among exploratory events; these ones were the most structured t-patterns detected and appeared mainly during the first 5 min of exploration, while grooming t-patterns were present prevalently after the fifth minute. Specific t-pattern parameters, such as overall occurrences and mean duration of each given t-pattern in each subject, were also studied. Present research: (a) reports for the first time that some behavioral events occur sequentially and with significant constraints on the interval lengths separating them; (b) presents the temporal flows of some behavioral elements through multimodal behavioral vectors; (c) could also be used to improve HB test reliability and its ability to detect even small induced behavioral changes
T-pattern analysis of diazepam-induced modifications on the temporal organization of rat behavioral response to anxiety in hole board
No full textRationale: By means of t-pattern analysis, it has been observed that the different events, characterizing rat behavior in hole board (HB), present close interrelationships which occur sequentially and with significant constraints on the interval lengths separating them.
Objectives: The aim of present research was to study, by means of descriptive and multivariate t-pattern analyses, the effects of the reference anxiolytic drug diazepam (DZP) on temporal structure of a rat’s anxiety-related behavior in HB.
Methods: Fifty-six male Wistar rats were tested for 10 min in HB. Video files, collected for each animal, were coded by means of a software coder, and event log files, generated for each subject, were analyzed by means of a specific software for temporal pattern analysis (t-pattern analysis).
Results: Significant diazepam-induced modifications were observed for durations of walking, climbing, edge-sniff, and face grooming. Dose-dependent decreases of t-patterns’ total amount, of their mean occurrences and of their mean length for each group were detected. Also, t-patterns’ mean occurrences, in terms of different composition, were reduced. Percent distributions showed a significant increase of t-patterns including walking for all administered groups, and significant reductions of t-patterns including climbing, immobile sniffing, and edge-sniff. Front-paw licking and face grooming were reduced at the higher DZP dose.
Conclusions: Present study demonstrates, for the first time, that the temporal structure of Wistar rats’ behavioral response to anxiety in HB changes following pharmacological manipulation of anxiety condition. Moreover, t-pattern analysis is suggested to represent a useful tool to evaluate and compare different classes of anti-anxiety molecules
Application of multivariate t-pattern analysis in the study of social interactions in rats
No full textA basic tenet in the realm of modern behavioral sciences is that behavior consists of patterns in time. For this reason, investigations of behavior deal with sequences that are not easily perceivable by the unaided observer. This problem calls for improved means of detection, data handling and analysis. This review focuses on the analysis of the temporal structure of behavior carried out by means of a multivariate approach known as T-pattern analysis. Using this technique, recurring sequences of behavioral events, usually hard to detect, can be unveiled and carefully described. T-pattern analysis has been successfully applied in the study of various aspects of human or animal behavior such as behavioral modifications in neuro-psychiatric diseases, route-tracing stereotypy in mice, interaction between human subjects and animal or artificial agents, hormonal-behavioral interactions, patterns of behavior associated with emesis and, in our laboratories, exploration and anxiety-related behaviors in rodents. After describing the theory and concepts of T-pattern analysis, this review will focus on the application of the analysis to the study of the temporal characteristics of behavior in different species from rodents to human beings. This work could represent a useful background for researchers who intend to employ such a refined multivariate approach to the study of behavior
Application of multivariate T-pattern analysis in the study of social interaction in rats
No full textABSTRACT NON PREVISTO DALLA PUBBLICAZION
Prior test experience produces changes of t-patterns spatial distribution in the elevated plus maze test
Get PDFAim of present research was to investigate in male Wistar rats whether a prior elevated plus maze experience modifies the temporal structure of the behavioral response following a retest applied after 24h. Video files were coded by means of a software coder and event log files generated for each subject were analyzed by means of a specific software for temporal pattern analysis (Theme). Present research shows a clear reduction of the number of t-patterns from trial one to trial two. This reduction is provoked by the disappearance of t-patterns consisting of behavioral elements occurring in the unprotected zones of the maze. The results suggest that the previous experience in the maze causes learning-dependent behavioral changes inducing a more clear-cut response to
environmental anxiogenic conditions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
- …
