1,720,959 research outputs found
Teknologi belaster klimaet: Sådan mindsker du aftrykket fra software og hardware CO2-reduktion Data
No full textKommunikationsteknologier vurderes at stå for 2,8 procent af den globale drivhusgasudledning, hvorfor der er god grund til at se på løsninger, der kan minimere udledningen. Magnus Rotvit Perlt Hansen og Maja Hanne Kirkeby fra Roskilde Universitet giver i dagens indlæg en række bud på forskellige muligheder til at reducere CO2-udledning, alt efter om du producerer og sælger software eller hardware
A Situational Knowledge Network Nexus Building Approach:Kernel Theory Extensions using Design Science Research
No full textWhen organizations realize that they need to innovate, they often have their knowledge workers participate in inter-organizational “knowledge networks” that have the purpose of developing their participants’ skills and competencies through facilitated meetings. The main problem of knowledge networks is that it can be difficult to evaluate whether the network group is “healthy” and follows its purpose and whether its participants gain any value as a result, so the design problem faced in this study was “How to design a tool to assist network coordinators with the continuous development of network groups.” The problem was broken into three sub-problems: identifying the types of knowledge networks, identifying a tool for gauging a knowledge network’s “health,” and identifying a process through which knowledge networks can be effectively established, maintained, and ended. The problem was complicated by the need to identify common interests among the knowledge networks’ main stakeholders, for whom the solution had to provide value. The stakeholder groups were identified as network sponsors, network facilitators, and network participants. Three artifacts were designed to solve the problems identified. Artifact 1 was a visualization of the process of how to establish, maintain, operate, and evaluate and/or end a knowledge network. To support this process, two additional interactive artifacts were designed. The second artifact was a document called a “network charter” to be used by the facilitator and network participants at the beginning of and during the knowledge network process. The third artifact was an assessment tool for assessing seven key parameters of the selected knowledge network using a radar chart. Three main lessons were learned in the DSR project. First, we found that the DSR approach can be beneficial in creating new kernel theories, not just design theory. The concept of knowledge network archetypes was extracted through a combination of a literature review on knowledge networks and through the empirical activities involved in uncovering participant value and network facilitators’ evaluation of the artifacts. Second, we learned that designing artifacts that provide value to various stakeholders with asymmetric power relationship on multiple levels should be pursued by DSR researchers. Third, DSR can be used to provide situational solutions, not just normative ones.When organizations realize that they need to innovate, they often have their knowledge workers participate in inter-organizational “knowledge networks” that have the purpose of developing their participants’ skills and competencies through facilitated meetings. The main problem of knowledge networks is that it can be difficult to evaluate whether the network group is “healthy” and follows its purpose and whether its participants gain any value as a result, so the design problem faced in this study was “How to design a tool to assist network coordinators with the continuous development of network groups.” The problem was broken into three sub-problems: identifying the types of knowledge networks, identifying a tool for gauging a knowledge network’s “health,” and identifying a process through which knowledge networks can be effectively established, maintained, and ended. The problem was complicated by the need to identify common interests among the knowledge networks’ main stakeholders, for whom the solution had to provide value. The stakeholder groups were identified as network sponsors, network facilitators, and network participants. Three artifacts were designed to solve the problems identified. Artifact 1 was a visualization of the process of how to establish, maintain, operate, and evaluate and/or end a knowledge network. To support this process, two additional interactive artifacts were designed. The second artifact was a document called a “network charter” to be used by the facilitator and network participants at the beginning of and during the knowledge network process. The third artifact was an assessment tool for assessing seven key parameters of the selected knowledge network using a radar chart. Three main lessons were learned in the DSR project. First, we found that the DSR approach can be beneficial in creating new kernel theories, not just design theory. The concept of knowledge network archetypes was extracted through a combination of a literature review on knowledge networks and through the empirical activities involved in uncovering participant value and network facilitators’ evaluation of the artifacts. Second, we learned that designing artifacts that provide value to various stakeholders with asymmetric power relationship on multiple levels should be pursued by DSR researchers. Third, DSR can be used to provide situational solutions, not just normative ones
Out of the Bottle:Design principles for GENIE tools
No full textThis paper addresses the design problem of designing IS tools for supporting inter-organizational innovation network groups. Inter-organizational networks are groups of people with diverse backgrounds and interests. Innovation networks consist of rationalized structures and socially constructed processes that are ongoing over long periods of time and is thus a highly complex problem. We argue that in order to design such IS artifacts well, we need design principles for constructing future IS artifacts. From the experiences of designing and evaluating a Group-focused Engagement & Network Innovation Environment (GENIE) nexus tool based on design science research, we propose five general design principles that aid how to design and utilize such IS tools when one plays a role in a innovation network group either as a member, facilitator or network sponsor. Our contribution is a proposal of a GENIE design theory as the foundation for future development of IS artifacts
Principles for enabling deep secondary design
Full text linkUser-based redesign after implementation has been studied in many contexts gone by many different names, such as appropriation of technology, malleable design and secondary design. The phenomenon of redesigning content has mainly revolved around technologies such as Facebook, Twitter, or Wikipedia or portal-based technology with configuration abilities, with very little focus on technologies where users can change both functionality, content and the level of technology complexity. We coin this type of secondary design deep secondary design. In this paper, we investigate how to enable deep secondary design by analyzing two cases where secondary designers fundamentally change functionality, content and technology complexity level. The first case redesigns a decision model for agile development in an insurance company; the second creates a contingency model for choosing project management tools and techniques in a hospital. Our analysis of the two cases leads to the identification of four principles of design implementation that primary designers can apply to enable secondary design and four corresponding design implementation principles that secondary designers themselves need to apply.User-based redesign after implementation has been studied in many contexts gone by many different names, such as appropriation of technology, malleable design and secondary design. The phenomenon of redesigning content has mainly revolved around technologies such as Facebook, Twitter, or Wikipedia or portal-based technology with configuration abilities, with very little focus on technologies where users can change both functionality, content and the level of technology complexity. We coin this type of secondary design deep secondary design. In this paper, we investigate how to enable deep secondary design by analyzing two cases where secondary designers fundamentally change functionality, content and technology complexity level. The first case redesigns a decision model for agile development in an insurance company; the second creates a contingency model for choosing project management tools and techniques in a hospital. Our analysis of the two cases leads to the identification of four principles of design implementation that primary designers can apply to enable secondary design and four corresponding design implementation principles that secondary designers themselves need to apply
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
How Do Researchers (Re-)Use Design Principles:An Inductive Analysis of Cumulative Research
Full text linkAccumulating prescriptive design knowledge, such as design principles (DP), is one of the fundamental goals in design science research projects. As previous studies have examined the use of DPs in practice to advance the development and communication of such principles, we argue that this attention also needs to be paid to how and for what researchers (re-)use DPs. Hence, this paper explores DP usage in cumulative (information systems) research based on the analysis and coding of a sample of 114 articles with 226 in-text citations. In doing this, we aim at contributing to the valuable discourse on DP reuse and accumulation by focusing on usage in research, present preliminary types of DP usage extracted from cumulative literature, as well as raise the awareness for guiding user and designer in how to (re-)use and how to allow for reuse of DPs.</p
Net up your innovation value
No full textValue from ICT Innovation may come from the building of social capital through relational coordination. Hence, for innovation-based companies, combining social capital and economic capital value through the creation and maintenance of business relationships and networking to obtain value plays a central role for their growth and survival. In this paper we design and evaluate a so-called “network nexus” prototype as an ICT value assessment tool for facilitators of innovation-oriented networks. To determine whether a business network is structured for providing value to its members, the facilitator scores the network based on a survey. The scoring of the nexus gives an indication of what to improve to increase value. Evaluation of the nexus resulted in the identification of six types of networks each with their own potential for value. We conclude that design challenges for ICT assessment tools of business network groups can be overcome but needs to be rooted in their context.</p
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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