200 research outputs found
Motivationsrevolutionen
No full textLär dig skapa äkta, hållbar motivation med hjälp av forskning och tydliga metoder! I ”Motivationsrevolutionen” teamar psykologiforskaren Magnus Lindwall och mentala coachen Olof Röhlander ihop sig till en superduo och krossar myten om piskan och moroten. Pedagogiskt och inspirerande presenterar de den spännande nya forskningen kring en av de bäst bevarade hemligheterna inom psykologin: Självbestämmandeteorin, även kallad SDT. Med SDT får du en vetenskaplig och stabil grund att stå på när du vill skapa hållbar motivation hos dig själv och andra. Författarna berättar hur och varför den är så effektiv och ger dig verktygen som får dig att må och fungera bra – varje dag, men framförallt i längden
Method Effects: The Problem With Negatively Versus Positively Keyed Items
No full textUsing confirmatory factor analyses, we examined method effects on Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965) in a sample of older European adults. Nine hundred forty nine community-dwelling adults 60 years of age or older from 5 European countries completed the RSES as well as measures of depression and life satisfaction. The 2 models that had an acceptable fit with the data included method effects. The method effects were associated with both positively and negatively worded items. Method effects models were invariant across gender and age, but not across countries. Both depression and life satisfaction predicted method effects. Individuals with higher depression scores and lower life satisfaction scores were more likely to endorse negatively phrased items
Health and well-being profiles of older European adults
No full textThe purpose of the present study was to identify health and well-being typologies among a sample of older European adults. Further, we examined various demographic, social, and health behaviour characteristics that were used to discriminate between such groups. The participants were 1,381 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and above (M age = 73.65; SD = 7.77) from six European Union (EU) countries who completed self-reported questionnaires. Hierarchical cluster analysis was initially conducted followed by a k means analysis to confirm cluster membership. Four clusters were identified and validated: 'good health and moderate functioning' (38.40%), 'moderate health and functioning' (30.84%), 'obese and depressed' (20.24%) and 'low health and functioning' (10.51%). The groups could be discriminated based on age, gender, nationality, years of education, social isolation and health behaviours (alcohol consumption and walking behaviour). The results of the study demonstrate heterogeneity with regard to the relationships between the variables examined. The information can be used in targeting older Europeans for health promotion interventions
The Physical Self in Motion: Within-Person Change and Associations of Change in Self-Esteem, Physical Self-Concept, and Physical Activity in Adolescent Girls
No full textThe purpose of this study was to examine patterns of within-person change, and associations of change, in global self-esteem (GSE), physical self-perceptions (PSP), and physical activity in a sample of 705 Canadian adolescent girls over three measurements points and 24 months. The Physical Self-Perceptions Profile (PSPP) was used to measure GSE and PSP, and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) was used to assess physical activity. Latent growth curve models were used to analyze the data. All PSP variables except for body attractiveness demonstrated significant average decline, but also significant was the change in between-person heterogeneity. Change in GSE and PSP was moderately to strongly related on a between-person level and weakly to moderately associated on a within-person level. Change in physical activity was related to change in the majority of the PSP variables but not to change in GSE
Fysisk aktivitet: Ett av de enklaste sätten att skydda hjärna och hjärta hos äldre?
No full textFysiska aktivitetens positiva effekter på psykologisk hälsa hos äldre är idag väl dokumenterade i forskningen. Gällande dos-respons verkar en måttlig intensitetsnivå ge störst effekt. Regelbunden fysisk aktivitet har positiva effekter på situationsspecifik tilltro till egen förmåga (self-efficacy), kognitiv funktion och depression hos äldre. Äldre personer som tränar regelbundet uppvisar generellt bättre kognitiv funktion. Fysisk träning har störst effekt på mer avancerade kognitiva processer som även är utsatta för åldersrelaterad nedsättning. Regelbunden fysisk aktivitet i medelåldern reducerar risken för senare utveckling av demens och Alzheimers hos friska äldre. Regelbunden motion är relaterad till lägre förekomst av depression och minskar risken att drabbas av framtida depression hos äldre. Förhållandet mellan fysisk aktivitet och depression kan bäst beskrivas som reciprokalt.The beneficial effects of regular physical activity on psychological health for older adults are today well documented. Moderate rather then strenuous exercise tend to show the largest effects. Regular physical activity has positive effects on self-efficacy, cognitive function and depression in older adults. Older adults who exercise regularly demonstrate higher cognitive functioning. The largest effects of exercise programs are found on more advanced cognitive processes, labelled executive functioning. These domains are also highly vulnerable to age-related decline. Regular activity in middle-age has a protective effect on dementia in old age. Physical activity is related to lower prevalence of depression and lower risk of developing depression in the future. The relation between physical activity and depression can best be described as reciprocal
Exercising the self [Elektronisk resurs] : on the role of exercise, gender and culture in physical self-perceptions
No full textIn modern society, individuals constantly pass judgments on their own body and physical competence as well as that of other people. All too often, the verdict is less favourable. For the person, these physical self-perceptions (PSP) may negatively affect global self-esteem, identity, and general mental well being. The overall aim of this thesis is to examine primarily the role that exercise, but also the roles that gender and culture, play in the formation of PSP. In Study I, using confirmatory factor analyses, strong support for the validity of a first-order, and a second-order hierarchical and multidimensional model of the Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP: Fox & Corbin, 1989) was found across three national samples (Great Britain, Sweden and Turkey) of university students. Cross-cultural differences were detected, with the British sample demonstrating higher latent means on all PSPP subdomains except for the physical condition subdomain (Condition), than the Swedish and Turkish samples. In Study II, a higher self-reported exercise frequency was associated with more positive PSP (in particular for Condition) and more importance attributed to PSP in Swedish university students. Males demonstrated higher overall PSPP-scores than females. In Study III, a true-experimental design with randomisation into an intervention and a control group was adopted. Strong support for the effects of an empowerment-based exercise intervention programme on PSP and social physique anxiety (SPA) over six months for adolescent girls was found. The relations of exercise, gender and culture with PSP, SPA and self-esteem are discussed from the standpoints of a variety of theoretical models (the EXSEM-model), and frameworks (self-presentation and objectification theory). The two theories of self-enhancement and skill-development are examined with regard to the direction of the exercise-physical self relationship and motivation for exercise. Arguments for the relevance of exercise and PSP for practitioners in promoting general mental well-being and preventing modern-day diseases are outlined.</p
Exercising the self : On the Role of Exercise, Gender and Culture in Physical Self-Perceptions
No full textIn modern society, individuals constantly pass judgments on their own body and physical competence as well as that of other people. All too often, the verdict is less favourable. For the person, these physical self-perceptions (PSP) may negatively affect global self-esteem, identity, and general mental well being. The overall aim of this thesis is to examine primarily the role that exercise, but also the roles that gender and culture, play in the formation of PSP. In Study I, using confirmatory factor analyses, strong support for the validity of a first-order, and a second-order hierarchical and multidimensional model of the Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP: Fox & Corbin, 1989) was found across three national samples (Great Britain, Sweden and Turkey) of university students. Cross-cultural differences were detected, with the British sample demonstrating higher latent means on all PSPP subdomains except for the physical condition subdomain (Condition), than the Swedish and Turkish samples. In Study II, a higher self-reported exercise frequency was associated with more positive PSP (in particular for Condition) and more importance attributed to PSP in Swedish university students. Males demonstrated higher overall PSPP-scores than females. In Study III, a true-experimental design with randomisation into an intervention and a control group was adopted. Strong support for the effects of an empowerment-based exercise intervention programme on PSP and social physique anxiety (SPA) over six months for adolescent girls was found. The relations of exercise, gender and culture with PSP, SPA and self-esteem are discussed from the standpoints of a variety of theoretical models (the EXSEM-model), and frameworks (self-presentation and objectification theory). The two theories of self-enhancement and skill-development are examined with regard to the direction of the exercise-physical self relationship and motivation for exercise. Arguments for the relevance of exercise and PSP for practitioners in promoting general mental well-being and preventing modern-day diseases are outlined
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