212 research outputs found
Early responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to infection by Verticillium longisporum
No full textArabidopsis thaliana roots were infected with Verticillium longisporum conidia in a sterile hydroponic culture. The phosphorylation pattern of root and shoot proteins was transiently changed within 10 min after contact with the conidia. A transient burst of NO was observed in the root area and may be a signal transferred to the shoot. When tested at 50 min after the first contact with the pathogen, the expression of 732 genes in the roots and 474 genes in the shoot (change >2 fold, p-value < 0.05) was affected. Genes related to cell wall synthesis, proteolysis and transcription were induced in the roots. Genes linked to signaling, proteolysis and defense were up-regulated. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Images of Self: A Study of Feminine and Feminist Subjectivity in the Poetry of Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton, Margaret Atwood and Adrienne Rich, 1950-1980
No full textPhDThe thesis explores the poetry (and some prose) of Plath, Sexton,
Atwood and Rich in terms of the changing constructions of self-image
predicated upon the female role between approx. 1950-1980.1 am
particularly concerned with the question of how the discourses of
femininity and feminism contribute to the scope of the images of the
self which are presented.
The period was chosen because it involved significant upheaval and
change in terms of women's role and gender identity. The four poets'
work spans this period of change and appears to some extent generally
characteristic of its social, political and cultural contexts in America,
Britain and Canada. (Other poets' work, for example Rukeyser, Lorde,
Levertov, is included too. ) The poets were not chosen to illustrate a
pre-feminist vs. feminist opposition since a major concern is to explore
what I see to be the symbiotic relation between femininity and feminism
(as also between orthodoxy and heresy). However the thesis is organised
chronologically because periodisation is important for a consideration
of the poetry's social setting.
In wanting to connect the poetry with cultural and political
circumstances as much as possible I have taken Edward Said's assertion
of a text's position of 'being in the world', its potential as a cultural
product to help reshape reality, and its value as a 'powerful weapon of
both materialism and consciousness'. This is the starting point for the
study which is circular and cumulative in shape, fundamentally thematic,
though each chapter is a chronological exploration of the work of one
specific poet, beginning with Plath and completing with Rich. A
conclusion attempts to pull the strands of each together and consider
the implications raised.
The thesis has four general concerns which run through its particular
focus on each poet. The first involves the relations between cultural
practice and ideology; the second involves the ideology of gender
(through exploration of femininity and feminism); the third involves
authorial ideology (through the construction of self-image in relation to
femininity and feminism) while the fourth involves these concerns in
terms of the overall arena of women's struggle for meaning and selfdetermination
in cultural practice.
More specific elements of the study include collating and comparing
self-images and attempting to make connections or chart changes where
images such as witch, queen, handmaid, shamaness, goddess, earth mother,
whore, madwoman, etc., re-occur. Usage of myth (particularly Persephone).
the Gothic, 'and articulation of lesbian desire are also explored. The
emergence of a female 'hero' self-image, in opposition to 'victim', seems
to be a corollary of the impact
,
of feminism in Rich's poetry
particularly, but this tendency can be traced back through Plath. I
explore the celebration of nature and the power of essentialism in the
construction of heroic female images, particularly in the figure of the
mother flowing with milk at the centre of 'ecriture feminine'.
The concluding chapter suggests that femininity did not constitute
such a repressive constraint on self-image and writing practice for
women as perhaps might be supposed; and that feminism, while opening up
many empowering changes for women, has raised further disturbing and
unresolved questions about identity, and even helped, in some of its
aspects, to create a new 'orthodoxy' in which various aspects of
experience cannot easily be articulated. My example is Rich's later work
where it seems to admit itself limited by its own initially liberating
strategies and looks further on towards new 'heresies.
Sylvia Plath poetry illustrations
No full textDiplomsko delo predstavlja raziskavo in ilustriranje poezije pisateljice Sylvie Plath. V teoretičnem delu govorim o ilustraciji, vrstah ilustracije in pod katero kategorijo spadajo moje ilustracije poezije. Iščem odgovor na vprašanje, ali so ilustrirane pesmi močnejše od ne ilustriranih in katera vrsta ilustracije je za ta žanr najprimernejša. Pri analizi opredelim pomen konceptualne ilustracije in raziščem življenje ter smrt pisateljice Sylvie Plath. Poglobim se tudi v možne analize njenih pesmi in jih poskusim podpreti s svojo vizualno interpretacijo.
Praktični del diplomske naloge zajema določanje ciljne skupine, predstavitev uporabljene tehnike, postopek analize poezije in izgled končnih ilustracij. Kar se tiče izdelave knjige, utemeljim svojo postavitev mreže in izbor pisave ter osnovne podatke o tisku.This thesis presents my research and illustration of Sylvia Plath\u27s poetry. In my theoretical part of the thesis I talk about illustration, what types of illustration exist and which of the categories fit my poetry illustrations. I try and answer the question on whether poetry is stronger with or without being illustrated and what type of illustration is best used in visualising poetry. In my analysis I tackle the subject of conceptual illustration as well as researching the life and death of the author Sylvia Plath. I dive into possible interpretations of her poems as I try and strengthen them with my visualizations.
In my practical part of the thesis I explain my target group, drawing technique, process of analysing a poem and its final result. As for designing the book, I explain the use of my grid, chosen typeface and printing details
Reconstructing Hemingway: An Interview with Biographer Michael S. Reynolds
No full textInterview with Hemingway’s preeminent biographer on the composition of his recently completed five-volume biography of the author. Covers Reynolds’s composition history, research challenges, and the pitfalls inherent in writing biography. Plath praises Reynolds for his careful differentiation of Hemingway from his autobiographical characters and public image
MOTIF OF WOMAN IN THE WORKS OF SYLVIA PLATH
No full textDiplomsko delo z naslovom Motiv ženske v delih Sylvie Plath raziskuje upodobitev ženske in avtobiografske prvine v njenih literarnih delih. Predstavljeno je življenje Sylvie Plath, ki je povezano z njenim literarnim ustvarjanjem, ki vsebuje avtobiografske elemente, v ospredju pa je analiza ženskega motiva v delih Sylvie Plath.
Motiv ženske je obravnavan v kontekstu naslednjih odnosov: odnos do moških, odnos do materinstva in odnos do družbene vloge ženske. Analiza ženskega motiva v poeziji in romanu Sylvie Plath je pokazala pogled avtorice na ženske, njen odstop od tradicionalnega pojmovanja spola in spolne vloge, in to ponazorila s konkretnimi primeri iz teksta, v katerih je to razvidno.
V diplomski nalogi sem ugotovila, da je avtorica pri svojem ustvarjanju uporabljala tudi zunajliterarne reference iz svojega osebnega življenja. Tako sem identificirala avtobiografske prvine v romanu Stekleni zvon in v njeni poeziji. Po analizi ženske družbene vloge v avtoričinih delih je razvidno, da nad vse ženske družbene vloge postavlja individualnost. Upodobitev in pojmovanje ženske v delih avtorice presega družbene norme in patriarhalni vzorec družbe. Sylvia Plath se z družbeno resničnostjo položaja ženske sooča na nekonvencionalen in nekonformističen način, z begom od patriarhalnih družbenih vzorcev.The diploma thesis titled Motif of a woman in the works of Sylvia Plath has researched the portrayal of a woman and the elements of autobiography in her literary work. The diploma thesis presents Sylvia Plath\u27s life, which is closely linked to her literary creativity full of autobiographical elements. The emphasis of the paper is the analysis of the motif of a woman t in the works of Sylvia Plath.
Motif of a woman was analysed in relation to these concepts: male gender, motherhood and the role of a woman in the society. The analysis of a motif of a woman in Plath\u27s poetry and a novel has showed and illustrated with the examples author\u27s understanding of womanhood, her rejection of a traditional comprehension of the female gender and the rejection of the traditional role of women in society.
The research resulted in following findings: the author used references form her own life in her work. These autobiographical elements have been identified in The bell Jar and Plath\u27s poetry. The analysis of woman\u27s role in the society established that Plath put the individuality above all women\u27s roles in society (eg. mother, wife, housewife). The illustration and comprehension of a woman exceeds the accepted social rules and the patriarchal pattern of society. Sylvia Plath faces the reality of woman\u27s social situation in an unconventional and unconformistic manner, with an escape from the normal patriarchal social patterns
The Presence of the Author in the Prose works of Sylvia Plath
No full textSylvia Plath is known as one of the most famous American poets, widely recognized by poets, literature scholars, and everyday people as standing apart from the crowd. The work produced in the last few months of her short life helped to change the face of poetry with its innovative form and riveting voice. Plath posthumous fame has made her an icon of an era. She is often considered an important feminist writer a well as the epitome of the tortured artist, an idea that has become cliche in our society. Many people, when they hear the name Plath, think of young troubled minds wasting their days away in dark corners of coffee houses, dressed all in black and looking particularly betrayed by the world. It is true that Plath did commit suicide shortly after creating her best work, but it seems unfair to sum up a life based on one fatal flaw. Plath was a troubled woman, desperate for the perfection she sought all her life, but does this depression form an entire history of existence for the woman Sylvia Plath? Her work, particularly her largely autobiographical prose writings show a complex character who was much more than just a poet. Plath was a mother, a wife, daughter, friend, and dedicated writer. Most importantly, she was a person who existed beyond the world of her poetry and prose. It could well be that to understand one, you must look at the other
Sylvia Plath: ženska med Erosom in Tanatosom
No full textThe opposition between the Hughes family and the radical feminists led to the emergence of two diametrically opposite Plath myths: a mentally disturbed, manipulative woman, unstoppably driven towards suicide, or an innocent victim of a treacherous husband? Both sides interpret Plath\u27s life and works in view of her untimely death, neglecting the underlying life force that pervades her poetry and prose. Relying on the psychoanalytical theory of instincts, the author shows how Eros complements and even makes use of Thanatos on different levels of Plath\u27s writing: on the level of language asa meaningful structure, on the level of meaning, and in the function of language as therapy. The duality of instics is particulary evident in Sloveirian criticism; where the physicar and temporal distance from political scandal enabled the development oftwo distinct critical currents: one following Hughes\u27s morbid determinism, the other concentrating on Plath\u27s intelligence and joyful observation of nature.Nasprotja med radikalnimi feministkami in družino Teda Hughesa so v zadnjih desetletjih privedla do dveh diametralno nasprotnih mitov o Sylviji Plath: na eni strani podoba mučenice v patriarhalni družbi, na drugi podoba duševno motene ženske z neustavljivim gonom smrti. Obe interpretaciji življenja in dela pesnice se osredotocata predvsem na njeno zgodnjo smrt, pri tem pa zanemarjata gonilno življenjsko silo, ki prežema njeno poezijo. Clanek s pomoejo psihoanaliticne teorije izpostavi prevlado Erosa nad Tanatosom v življenju in poeziji Sylvije Plath, tako na ravni jezika kot strukture kot na pomenski ravni. Slovenska literarna kritika zaradi fizicne oddaljenosti in casovnega odmika od škandalov bolj pristno odseva dvojnost Erosa in Tanatosa v pesnicinih delih. Razvila sta se dva razlocna tokova, od katerih prvi sledi morbidnemu determinizmu Teda Hughesa, drugi pa se uspe oddaljiti od nesrecnih okolišcin njene smrti in se osredotoci na inteligenco in radost mlade žene in matere
Representation of the body and feelings of alienation in selected texts by Sylvia Plath
No full textThe thesis compares the novel The Bell Jar by the American author Sylvia Plath, where the main character is Esther Greenwood, the author's alter ego, and selected poems by Sylvia Plath. Due to the confessional style of writing, the thesis will take into account Sylvia Plath's life story, mainly focusing on the comparison of the representation of the body and the feelings of alienation in the selected texts in order to find out how these two themes are related to the struggle to find one's own identity.Práce porovná román The Bell Jar americké autorky Sylvie Plath, kde je hlavní postavou Esther Greenwood, autorčino alter ego, a vybrané básně Sylvie Plath. Vzhledem ke konfesijnímu stylu psaní práce přihlédne k životnímu příběhu Sylvie Plath, ale bude se soustředit zejména na porovnání reprezentace těla a pocity odcizení ve vybraných textech s cílem zjistit, jak tato dvě témata souvisejí se snahou o nalezení vlastní identity
“I am too pure for you, or anyone”: A New Approach to Sylvia Plath, Esther Greenwood, and the Second-Self
No full textOne of the major problems currently facing Sylvia Plath criticism is the tendency of critics to conflate creator with creation. This mistake is perhaps the most prevalent in readings of Plath\u27s novel, The Bell Jar (1963), where the life of the novel\u27s narrator, Esther Greenwood, obviously parallels the life of the author. However, the simplistic conflation of Plath and Greenwood obfuscates a crucial artistic goal of Plath\u27s corpus – the creation of an artistic second self. This thesis explores The Bell Jar’s startlingly complex portrait of the artist (as a young woman) by focusing on Esther Greenwood’s attempt to create a second self
AS DUAS IRMÃS DE PÉRSEFONE: A RECEPÇÃO DE SYLVIA PLATH
No full textThe present article aims to discuss the poem “The Two Sisters of Persephone” by the American author Sylvia Plath, seeking to identify its reception of the myth of Persephone and the possible references used by the poet, as well as the aspects that frame the poem within the concept of "Abjection," by the French philosopher Julia Kristeva. The use of classical themes and elements was recurrent in Plath's work, although this aspect of her work has been overshadowed by analyses that favor the autobiographical aspects of her writing. Current readings, such as that of Holly Ranger, privilege the association of Plath with literary movements such as Confessional poetry and Revisionist Mythmaking, which emerged in the 1960s. In Revisionist Mythmaking several female authors, such as Anne Sexton and Margaret Atwood, claimed the use of classics, a predominantly male intellectual territory until then. In the poem “The Two Sisters of Persephone” (1956), Plath demonstrates extensive knowledge of classical primary sources, such as Virgil and Ovid. Nevertheless, by exploring the duality of the goddess, the author seeks to modify the character of Persephone in order to illustrate a yearning of her time and cultural context during the second wave of feminism: the apparent incompatibility between the roles of mother/wife and that of a professional and intellectual.O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir o poema “As Duas Irmãs de Perséfone”, da autora estadunidense Sylvia Plath. Buscarei identificar qual sua recepção do mito de Perséfone e as possíveis referências utilizadas pela poeta, bem como os aspectos que enquadram o poema no conceito de “Abjeção”, da filósofa francesa Julia Kristeva. O uso de temas e elementos clássicos foi recorrente na obra de Plath, embora essa faceta de seu trabalho tenha sido ofuscada por análises que favorecem os aspectos autobiográficos de sua escrita. Leituras atuais, como a de Holly Ranger, privilegiam a associação de Plath aos movimentos literários da poesia Confessional e do Revisionismo Mítico, iniciados na década de 1960. No Revisionismo Mítico diversas autoras, como Anne Sexton e Margareth Atwood, reivindicavam o uso dos clássicos, um terreno intelectual até então predominantemente masculino. No poema “As Duas Irmãs de Perséfone” (1956), Plath demonstra grande conhecimento das fontes primárias clássicas, como Virgílio e Ovídio. Ainda assim, explorando a dualidade da deusa, a autora ativamente busca modificar a personagem de Perséfone de modo a ilustrar um anseio de seu e contexto cultural da segunda onda do feminismo: a aparente incompatibilidade entre os papéis de mãe/esposa e o de profissional e intelectual
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