1,721,024 research outputs found
Air pollution and emission reductions over the Po-valley: Air quality modelling and integrated assessment
No full textThe Po-valley located in northern Italy at the footstep of the Alps is characterized by a high density of anthropogenic emissions and by the frequent occurrence of stagnant meteorological conditions. The area has been identified as one hot spot place where pollution levels will remain problematic in spite of the application of the current European legislation devoted to air pollution control. By 2020, health impact on population and effects on ecosystems by ozone and eutrophication are indeed calculated to be amongst the highest in Europe and anthropogenic fine particulate matter levels are expected to be responsible for a loss of ten months of life expectancy. In general, long-range transported air pollution in the Po-Valley represents only a fraction of 30-40%, stressing the importance of local control measures in the area to efficiently reduce the impact of air pollution. This paper presents an overview of two connected projects focusing on air-quality modeling and integrated assessment. The POMI (PO-valley Model Inter-comparison) exercise aims at exploring the changes in urban air-quality predicted by different Air Quality Models (AQM) in response to changes in emissions. The first phase of the project has concentrated on the elaboration of the required input data for the AQM, i.e. meteorology, monitoring, and emissions. The latter have been elaborated based on the combination of various types of data originating from different Authorities and characterized by different spatial scales and levels of detail. During this process, priority has been given to the bottom-up approach believed to be more suitable to capture local information than a pure top-down disaggregation from the national emission inventory. The available POMI results at this stage indicate model performances in line with those obtained in the frame of previous model evaluation exercise but with a marked underestimation of the fine particulate matter (in particular of its organic fraction) and a significant model variability in the modeling of ozone concentrations. Work to investigate the sensitivity of the AQM to various parameters (e.g. meteorology and emission) is on-going with the aim to better understand the air quality processes in the Po-Valley region and better represent them in the AQM In parallel to POMI, an integrated assessment tool is being developed to design and assess the effectiveness of regional abatement policies. This tool is planned to make use of information available at the local/regional scale (technological changes, emission factors...) to allow investigating the efficiency of both technical and nontechnical abatement measures and to find the optimal cost allocation. POMI provides useful information for the development of sectoral local/regional source-receptor relationships and for better accounting for the different sources of model-related uncertainties (emissions, meteorology...) in the efficacy assessment of abatement strategies. It is believed that such an approach which combines (1) collecting high quality emission inventories, (2) running extensive AQM exercises and (3) optimizing the choice of emission abatement strategies via a specific integrated assessment tool will support the local/regional Authorities in designing effective AQP in the frame of the current European air quality directive
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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