1,721,082 research outputs found
All-fiber sensors for radiation measurements in radiotherapy
Full text linkThe paper presents the development and investigation of distributed and a quasi-distributed fiber optic sensors for the real-time monitoring of radiations during cancer treatments. Both sensors rely on ad-hoc developed nanoparticle-doped optical fibers with enhanced sensitivity to radiation. The distributed sensor is interrogated with an OFDR-based instrument and allows the reconstruction of the spatial dose distribution along the fiber. The quasi-distributed sensor is implemented through fiber Bragg gratings inscribed with a femtosecond laser in the few-mode section of a single mode-multi mode-single mode interferometer
Preliminary investigation of radiation dose sensors based on aluminum-doped silicate optical fibers
Full text linkThe paper reports on the first demonstration of in-situ, real-time dosimetry realized with an enhanced back-scattering optical fiber and a high-resolution optical back-scattering reflectometry measurement. This work is devised to overcome the current problems in monitoring radiotherapy treatments, in particular the difficult evaluation of not only the actual x-ray dose that is accumulated on the target volume, but also the distribution profile of the ionizing radiation beam. The experiments have been conducted by evaluating the radiation-induced spectral shift of the Rayleigh back-scattering along the fiber under test during x-ray exposure, in a radiation chamber. The sensing region is a section of aluminum-doped silicate fiber, that overcomes the poor sensitivity to radiation of standard, germanium-doped, silicate fibers for telecom applications. The preliminary results show that it is possible to remotely track the x-ray dose at high dose rates (700 Gy/min) and at rates closer to therapeutic values (22 Gy/min). A linear relationship between accumulated dose and spectral shift has been found. This research aims at developing a dose sensor with the most demanding features of small form factor, spatial profiling and remote interrogation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Study of the darkening in ytterbium doped fibers : interplay between photo- and radio-darkening
No full textCette thèse traite des dégradations induites par la pompe (photo-noircissement) et les radiations ionisantes externes (radio-noircissement) dans les fibres optiques en silice dopées ytterbium (FDY) utilisées en environnement sévère. Au travers de caractérisations expérimentales et de modélisations inédites, elle analyse leur interaction et en tire les conséquences quant à la tenue des FDY aux radiations sous pompe. La première partie porte sur l’identification des défauts induits (centres colorés) et leurs mécanismes de formation/guérison. Elle s’appuie sur un ensemble de caractérisations post-irradiation (RPE, ARI, TL) réalisées sur des échantillons de préformes et sur leur corrélation originale (guérison thermique, couplage TL et ARI). L’étude systématique en fonction de la composition met en évidence l’influence des co-dopants (Al, Ce) sur la capture des charges libérées lors des processus d’ionisation. La seconde partie analyse le noircissement se développant sous l’effet simultané de la pompe et de l’irradiation ionisante. A partir d’un banc de mesures autorisant le suivi de la dégradation en temps réel, on montre que photo- et radio-noircissements résultent des mêmes centres colorés blanchis par la pompe. Ce résultat, ajouté aux mécanismes préalablement identifiés, permet de proposer un modèle physique local de la dégradation photo-radio-induite. La confrontation des simulations issues de ce modèle à une large variété d’observations originales faites « en ligne » conduit à sa validation. Il est ainsi démontré que, pour des débits de dose inférieurs à une valeur critique, la dégradation des FDY pompées et irradiées ne peut excéder leur niveau de photo-noircissement.This thesis deals with the degradation induced by the pump (photodarkening, PN) and ionizing radiations (radiodarkening, RN) in ytterbium-doped optical fiber (YDF) used in harsh environments. Through original experimental characterizations and modeling, it analyses the interplay between PN and RN and reveals important and novel properties of the radiation resistance of pumped YDF. The first part investigates induced defects (color centers) together with their creation/recovery mechanisms. It used a set of post-irradiation characterizations (ESR, RIA, TSL) conducted on preform samples and benefited from their original correlation (thermal recovery protocols coupling TSL and RIA). A systematic study as a function of composition reveals the influence of co-dopants (Al, Ce) on the trapping of carrier freed during ionization processes. The second part examines the darkening build-up under the simultaneous action of the pump and an ionizing irradiation. By using a measurement bench that allowed us to follow the real-time “on line” degradation of fiber samples, we showed that photo- and radio-darkening both arise from the same color centers that can be bleached by the pump. On the basis of this finding and of the preceding identified mechanisms, we propose a local physical model of the photo-radio-induced darkening. The latter is thoroughly validated by further successful comparisons of simulated degradation with a wide variety of “on line” original observations. Then, we notably demonstrate that for dose rates lying below a critical value (explicited by our theory), the degradation of pumped and irradiated YDF never exceeds the photo-darkening level
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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