124,827 research outputs found
Certification of Death: External Postmortem Examination
No full textThe first and most important purpose of the external postmortem examination is the determination of death not only in the interest of the decedent but also as a social requirement. In the confidential part of the death certificate, under the heading ‘Cause of death’, the course of the disease has to be documented within a causal chain. Concerning the Corona pandemic in 2019–2020, the mortality rate in different countries differed widely. The mortality rate was high in Italy and Spain, but comparatively low in Germany. In 2017, 932,272 deaths were reported in Germany; according to the Federal Statistical Office, in about 96% of these, the causes of death were natural. Death in police custody occurs mainly in males within the fourth to fifth decade of life. Of deaths in prison, 30–40% are due to natural diseases, mostly cardiovascular diseases
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Conoscenze fondamentali della patologia forense per il sanitario non specialista in medicina legale
No full textMedicina legale orientata per problemi
No full textL’area delle discipline medico-legali vive oggi un rinnovato interesse, sia per gli aspetti di approfondimento dottrinario
di tematiche che si pongono a ponte tra scienza e diritto, sia per quanto attiene l’innovazione tecnologica
delle scienze biomediche e il loro avanzamento applicativo; sembra così aprirsi un’era di estremo e sempre più
diffuso interesse verso questa disciplina di studio, unitaria nel metodo (la metodologia medico legale ) e nell’approccio
( res medica sub specie iuris ), pur nella sua svariata congerie applicativa. Questo libro, utilizzando lo
strumento pedagogico dell’apprendere per problemi, si rivolge sia allo studente universitario di area sanitaria sia al
medico già abilitato alla professione, che desidera orientarsi nella disciplina, avvalendosi di un approccio sintetico
e razionale, che focalizza gli aspetti di pregnante interesse delle varie aree tematiche affrontate, così da fornire
una risposta tempestiva, e insieme esauriente, ai sempre più numerosi interrogativi medico-legali emergenti nel
concreto esercizio delle professioni sanitarie, in generale, e di quella medica in particolare, con un privilegiato
riferimento all’area dell’emergenza ospedaliera. Lo sforzo degli Autori è comunque rivolto non soltanto alla sintesi,
al compendio, ma anche allo sviluppo di un graduale livello di approfondimento che, si spera, possa essere
incoraggiato nello studente e nel lettore, grazie a una ricca bibliografi a.
Per sviluppare le aree tematiche specialistiche della disciplina, gli Autori si sono avvalsi della collaborazione
di esperti particolarmente qualifi cati, che hanno illustrato gli aspetti di più rapido avanzamento scientifi co e
culturale-metodologico dei settori di riferimento specialistico. Il testo cartaceo, già ricco di note esplicative e di
approfondimento, è stato ulteriormente integrato da allegati e moduli, consultabili e scaricabili online, che completano
e ampliano gli argomenti trattati nei diversi capitoli, al fi ne di renderli particolarmente aggiornati alle più
recenti, e pubblicate in letteratura, conoscenze in materia, aderenti a una realtà in continua evoluzione e facilmente
utilizzabili come supporto agli adempimenti documentali e professionali propri dell’attività sanitaria
The prognostic value of the Frank sign
No full textFrank’s sign (named after American pulmonologist Sanders T. Frank) refers to a diagonal skin fold between the tragus and outer edge of the earlobe. Gradation is based on the bilateral presence and/or degree of the earlobe fold. The presence of this sign, referred to as the diagonal earlobe crease (DELC), has been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. Corresponding studies are predominantly based on clinical or angiographic assessments, and few autopsy studies exist. The association of DELC with CAD, cardiovascular risk factors, and causes of death was investigated via retrospective and prospective evaluations. It was also investigated whether the degree of DELC correlated with the macroscopic severity of coronary heart disease. Furthermore, the influence of age on the appearance of DELC was analyzed and compared using two age groups. Additionally, binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the influence of age on the presence of higher-grade DELC and CAD. In cases related to a lethal cardiac event, the majority (78%) showed high-grade DELC. The DELC grade correlated significantly with CAD severity (r(s) = 0.474, p < 0.001) and with the severity of general atherosclerosis (r(s) = 0.606, p < 0.001) with medium and large effects sizes, respectively. Age was predominantly more suitable than DELC concerning the sensitivity, specificity, and positive prognostic value for preexisting cardiac disease and cardiac-related causes of death. In both DELC and CAD, age has a significant influence on the presence of higher-grade manifestation, but the influence of age in CAD appears to be even more significant than in DELC. The main results of previous autopsy studies and the prognostic value could have been confirmed, but these findings appear to be limited to younger patients
Sexual abuse
No full textThis chapter presents the basic aspects of forensic interest of the issue of child and adult abuse. The clinical examination is a crucial step in the multidisciplinary approach to the victim which includes clinical, psychological and social assistance. One should never forget that the clinical examination represents the first contact between the patient and the physicians and that special needs of the patient should be respected. After the clinical examination, sampling of biological materials may be requested. An important point is the timing of the examination. Child sexual abuse is and should usually be ascertained not only through the medical examination but also through psychological and social assessment. Sexually transmitted infections bring about relevant consequences, both from the clinical and forensic point of view. Intoxication may be used by an aggressor in order to reduce the defences of the victim during sexual abus
- …
