49 research outputs found
Sucking behavior of dairy calves fed milk ad-libitum by bucket or teat
No full textPT: J; CR: 1981, BMDP STATISTICAL SOF, P94 AHMED AK, 1987, THESIS U HOHENHEIM ALEXANDER GI, 1954, AUST VET J, V30, P68 BLASS EM, 1980, SCIENCE, V210, P15 DEWILT JG, 1985, BEHAVIOUR WELFARE VE FALLON RJ, 1980, IR J AGR RES, V19, P67 HAFEZ ESE, 1968, Z TIERPSYCHOL, V25, P187 HOYER N, 1954, QUEENSLAND AGR J, V79, P46 JAMES WT, 1957, J COMP PHYSL PSYCHOL, V50, P375 KESLER EM, 1956, J DAIRY SCI, V39, P542 KITTNER M, 1967, ARCH TIERZUCHT, V10, P41 KITTNER M, 1967, TIERZUCHTER, V21, P584 KOEPKE JE, 1971, J COMP PHYSIOL PSYCH, V75, P363 MEES AMF, 1984, KTBL SCHRIFT, V299, P82 METZ JHM, 1975, 7512 MED LANDB HOG METZ JHM, 1984, P INT C APPL ETH FAR, P70 METZ JHM, 1987, IN PRESS REIZQUALITA MILLER NE, 1967, HDB PHYSL 6, V1, P51 MORRILL JL, 1981, J DAIRY SCI, V64, P146 RIESE G, 1977, DTSCH TIERARZTL WSCH, V84, P388 ROY JHB, 1980, CALF SCHEURMANN E, 1974, URSACHE BESEITIGUNG, P14 STEPHENS DB, 1974, ANIM PROD, V18, P23 TOATES F, 1986, MOTIVATIONAL SYSTEMS WALKER DE, 1950, B ANIM BEHAV, V1, P5 WEBSTER AJF, 1981, ALTERNATIVES INTENSI, P86 WISE GH, 1968, J DAIRY SCI, V51, P452 WISE GH, 1976, J DAIRY SCI, V59, P97 WOLFF PH, 1968, BRAIN BEHAV EVOLUT, V1, P354; NR: 29; TC: 33; J9: APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI; PG: 11; GA: Q2864Source type: Electronic(1
Redox and low-oxygen stress: signal integration and interplay
No full textSasidharan R, Schippers JHM, Schmidt R. Redox and low-oxygen stress: signal integration and interplay. Plant physiology. 2021;186(1):66–78.An analysis of the role of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and redox components in hypoxia signaling pathways and an outline of potential future research avenues. © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: [email protected]
The Discipline of History and the “Modern Consensus in the Historiography of Mathematics”
No full textTeachers and students of mathematics often view history of mathematics as just mathematics as they know it, but in another form. This view is based on a misunderstanding of the nature of history of mathematics and the kind of knowledge it attempts to acquire. Unfortunately, it can also lead to a deep sense of disappointment with the history of mathematics itself, and, ultimately, a misunderstanding of the historical nature of mathematics. This kind of misunderstanding and the disappointment following from it--both raised to the level of resentment--run through the paper A Critique of the Modern Consensus in the Historiography of Mathematics. My review of that paper, sent to me blind, became a response to it. In particular, this essay attempts to clarify the nature of the historical discipline and to show that author of the Critique ends up, in effect, wanting and not wanting history at the same time
World's greatest observed point rainfalls: Jennings (1950) scaling law
No full textThe observed relation of worldwide precipitation maxima P versus duration d follows the Jennings scaling law, P ≈ d b, with scaling coefficient b ≈ 0.5. This scaling is demonstrated to hold for single-station rainfall extending over three decades. A conceptual stochastic rainfall model that reveals similar scaling behavior is introduced as a first-order autoregressive process [AR(1)] to represent the lower tropospheric vertical moisture fluxes, whose upward components balance the rainfall while the downward components are truncated and defined as no rain. Estimates of 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) vertical moisture flux autocorrelations (at grids near the rainfall stations) provide estimates for the truncated AR(1). Subjected to maximum depth-duration analysis, the scaling coefficient b ≈ 0.5 is obtained extending for about two orders of magnitude, which is associated with a wide range of vertical moisture flux autocorrelations 0.1 < a < 0.7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
Analyzing the inundation pattern of the Poyang Lake floodplain by passive microwave data
No full textThe soil wetness condition is a useful indicator of inundation hazard in floodplains, such as the Poyang Lake floodplain. Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) passive microwave data were used to monitor water-saturated soil and open water areas of the Poyang Lake floodplain from 2001 to 2008, capturing the inundation patterns of this area in space and time. The polarization difference brightness temperature (PDBT) at 37 GHz is sensitive to the water extension even under dense vegetation. The zero-order radiative transfer model was simplified to retrieve the vertical–horizontal (V–H)-polarized effective emissivity difference from the PDBT at 37 GHz. Vegetation fractional area and vegetation transmission function were derived from NDVI to represent the vegetation attenuation. This effective emissivity difference has a quasi-linear relationship with the fractional area of water-saturated soil and standing water, no matter the frequency. Using the multifrequency-polarization surface emission (Qp) model and the Dobson model of the soil–water mixture, the two segments of this relationship were combined into a quasi-linear model. Comparing the retrieved water-saturated soil and standing water area of Poyang Lake with the lake area obtained from the MODIS and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image at higher spatial resolution, the calculations show a good fit with the MODIS and SAR data, with R2 = 0.7664 and relative RMSE = 17.74%. The cross-correlation analysis shows that the Poyang Lake extension fluctuates with a 5-day time lag with the upstream land area of water-saturated soil and standing water. Since the closure of the Three Gorges Dam, this relationship is more evident.Geoscience and Remote SensingCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Fire risk assessment: The role of hyperspectral remote sensing
No full textThe increasing demand for effective forest fire prevention instruments has faced operational and future Earth observation instruments with the challenge of producing updated and reliable maps of vegetation moisture. Various empirical band-ratio indexes have been proposed so far, based on multispectral remote sensing data, that have been found to be related to vegetation moisture expressed in terms of equivalent water thickness (EWT), which is defined as the weight of liquid water per unit leaf area. More sophisticated retrieval methodologies can be adopted when hyperspectral data are available, e.g. based on spectral curve fitting in selected water absorption bands or radiative transfer model inversion, allowing for better estimates of EWT. Problems arise with the evaluation of fuel moisture content (FMC), which is the percentage weight of water per unit of oven-dried leaf weight, due to its weak signal in vegetation spectrum. FMC is essential in fire models, and it is not interchangeable with EWT. Basing on simulated vegetation spectra, this study aims at demonstrating that hyperspectral images of vegetated areas can be effectively used to evaluate FMC with accuracies not achievable with multispectral data. To this purpose, radiative transfer models PROSPECT and SAILH have been used to simulate canopy reflectance. Vegetation spectra have then been convolved to hyperspectral data basing on the design specifications of a formerly planned ASI-CSA hyperspectral mission (JHM configuration C), similar to those of the forthcoming PRISMA. For comparison against multispectral instruments, measurements from the Operational Land Imager (OLI) have also been simulated. Two retrieval methods have been tested, based on spectral indexes and on partial least squares (PLS) regression. The latter methodology is particularly suited to analyse high-dimensional data. Results confirm that spectral indexes are good predictors of vegetation moisture expressed as EWT, but their performance in evaluating FMC is poor. By using PLS regression on hyperspectral data, a linear model can be built that accurately predicts FMC. No such result is achievable from OLI simulated data.Remote SensingAerospace Engineerin
Challenges of operational river forecasting
No full textSkillful and timely streamflow forecasts are critically important to water managers and emergency protection services. To provide these forecasts, hydrologists must predict the behavior of complex coupled human–natural systems using incomplete and uncertain information and imperfect models. Moreover, operational predictions often integrate anecdotal information and unmodeled factors. Forecasting agencies face four key challenges: 1)making themost of available data, 2)making accurate predictions usingmodels, 3) turning hydrometeorological forecasts into effective warnings, and 4) administering an operational service. Each challenge presents a variety of research opportunities, including the development of automated quality-control algorithms for the myriad of data used in operational streamflow forecasts, data assimilation, and ensemble forecasting techniques that allow for forecaster input, methods for using humangenerated weather forecasts quantitatively, and quantification of human interference in the hydrologic cycle. Furthermore, much can be done to improve the communication of probabilistic forecasts and to design a forecasting paradigm that effectively combines increasingly sophisticated forecasting technology with subjective forecaster expertise. These areas are described in detail to share a real-world perspective and focus for ongoing research endeavors. Open Access ContentHydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Application of Murabahah Financing with Debt Transfer (Take Over) in Islamic Banking in Indonesia
No full textThe level of public trust in the performance of Islamic banking is quite rapid. One of them is because it is based on the principle of ta'āwun (helping and cooperation among people for good and benefit) which is in accordance with the ethnographic conditions of the Muslim population in Indonesia. From the author's observation, the need for (take over) Home Ownership Loans is increasing from conventional banks to Islamic banking. The author highlights the debt transfer financing contract (take over) carried out by Islamic banking with the concept of ta'awun. This research uses empirical research to examine and analyze the implementation and application of law in society and sociological research, to look at law from the point of view of formal institutions and understand the law and the empirical behavior of applicable legal operations. the approach used socio legal research. The application of murabahah financing, one of the financing with the principle of sale and purchase (ba'i) in Islamic banking, provides many benefits for lighter installments for customers
Evaluating the benefits of merging near-real-time satellite precipitation products: a case study in the Kinu basin region, Japan
No full textAfter the launch of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission in 2014, many satellite precipitation products (SPPs) are available at finer spatiotemporal resolution and/or with reduced latency, potentially increasing the applicability of SPPs for near-real-time (NRT) applications. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the NRT SPPs in the GPM era and investigate whether bias-correction techniques or merging of the individual products can increase the accuracy of these SPPs for NRT applications. This study utilizes five commonly used NRT SPPs, namely, CMOPRH RT, GSMaP NRT, IMERG EARLY, IMERG LATE, and PERSIANN-CCS. The evaluation is done for the Kinu basin region in Japan, an area that provides observed rainfall data with high accuracy in space and time. The selected bias correction techniques are the ratio bias correction and cumulative distribution function matching, while the merged products are derived with the error variance, inverse error variance weighting, and simple average merging techniques. Based on the results, all SPPs perform best for lower-intensity rainfall events and have challenges in providing accurate estimates for typhoon-induced rainfall (generally more than 50% underestimation) and at very fine temporal scales. Although the bias correction techniques successfully reduce the bias and improve the performance of the SPPs for coarse temporal scales, it is found that for shorter than 6-hourly temporal resolutions, both techniques are in general unable to bring improvements. Finally, the merging results in increased accuracy for all temporal scales, giving new perspectives in utilizing SPPs for NRT applications, such as flood and drought monitoring and early warning systems
Mediterranean diet and the metabolic syndrome
No full textMediterranean diet and the metabolic syndrome Background: The metabolic syndrome refers to a clustering of risk factors including abdominal obesity, hyperglycaemia, low HDL-cholesterol, hypertriglyceridaemia, and hypertension and it is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular disease. In this thesis we studied whether a Mediterranean diet favourably affects the metabolic syndrome. Methods: We assessed the association between a Mediterranean diet and the metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy elderly European subjects (SENECA study) and in a Dutch study population that was oversampled with subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus type 2 (CoDAM study). In addition, we conducted a controlled-feeding trial to compare the effects of replacing a high saturated fatty acids (SFA) diet with a high monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) diet or a Mediterranean diet on characteristics of the metabolic syndrome: HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose metabolism (glucose concentration and insulin sensitivity). Results: In both the SENECA study and the feeding trial we find support for the hypothesis that a Mediterranean diet has a beneficial effect on two characteristics of the metabolic syndrome, namely HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. In addition, the findings of the SENECA study suggested that subjects with good adherence to a Mediterranean diet had a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (prevalence ratio 0.81, 95%CI 0.65; 1.03) and a smaller waist circumference (-1.1 cm, 95%CI -2.4; 0.3) than subjects with poor adherence. In the CoDAM study, we did not find these associations. In none of our studies we found support for the hypothesis that a Mediterranean diet has a beneficial effect on glucose concentration, insulin sensitivity or blood pressure. Conclusion: This thesis finds support for a beneficial effect on two out of five characteristics of the metabolic syndrome and also suggests a beneficial effect on a third characteristic (abdominal obesity). We therefore conclude that a Mediterranean diet may help to prevent the metabolic syndrome and consequently diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular disease. <br/
