4,275 research outputs found
Service-oriented models for audiovisual content storage
No full textWhat are the important topics to understand if involved with storage services to hold digital audiovisual content? This report takes a look at how content is created and moves into and out of storage; the storage service value networks and architectures found now and expected in the future; what sort of data transfer is expected to and from an audiovisual archive; what transfer protocols to use; and a summary of security and interface issues
Two new species of Platymantis (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae) from the Admiralty Archipelago, Papua New Guinea
No full textRichards, Stephen J., Mack, Andrew L., Austin, Christopher C. (2007): Two new species of Platymantis (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae) from the Admiralty Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1639: 41-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17963
Memorandum from A. E. Demaray to E. C. Finney
No full textFour letters of correspondence about the purchase of Bright Angel Trail between A. E. Demaray, Acting Director of the Grand Canyon National Park; E. C. Finney, Department of the Interior First Assistant Secretary; Carl T. Hayden, Representative (AZ); and Stephen T. Mather, Director of the National Park Service
Appendix I: A Conversation with Professor Stephen Frosh
No full textBook synopsis: Interpretation is an integral part of all qualitative research, yet relatively little has been written about its process. In her new book, Carla Willig, author of international bestseller Introducing Qualitative Research Methods in Psychology, sheds light on the role of interpretation in qualitative research in psychology and describes the different approaches for practice.
Packed with case studies, two full interview transcripts and worked examples from psychology, health sciences and the arts, Willig skilfully guides you to conduct qualitative research which is interpretative and based upon a clear rationale and interpretative position. You will also learn how to evaluate interpretative research and to acquire an understanding of what constitutes best ethical practice.
Carla's transcribed conversations with Stephen Frosh, Christine Griffin and Jonathan Smith about the meaning and practice of interpretation provide a fascinating insight into the ways in which highly experienced researchers engage with the challenge of interpreting qualitative data.
This book will be valuable reading for all psychology students, researchers and practitioners and a useful reference for students across the social sciences and related health disciplines
Platymantis latro Richards, Mack & Austin, 2007, sp. nov.
No full textPlatymantis latro sp. nov. (Figs 1 –6) Holotype: SAMA R 62819, Adult male, Chachuau Camp near Tulu 1 Village, Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, (2 o01.089' S, 146 o 47.807 ' E; 20 m a.s.l.) collected by S.J. Richards on 8 June 2002. Paratypes: UPNG 10051, SAMA R 62820, adult females, same location as holotype, collected by S.J. Richards on 7 June 2002; SAMA R 62824 – 5 adult females, Tingau Village, 27 km south-west of Lorengau, Manus Island (02 o 05.76S, 147 o 06.33E; 296 m a.s.l.), collected by C. Austin on 28 August 2001; SAMA R 62826 adult female, Natnewai Camp, Manus Island (2 o 10.053 'S, 147 o 15.09 'E; 150 m a.s.l.) collected by A. Mack on 29 April 2001.; SAMA R 62827, adult female, Penchal Village, Rambutyo Island, Manus Province (02o 19.70 S, 147 o 46.00E; 58 m a.s.l.), collected by C. Austin on 3 September 2001; SAMA R 62828 – 9 adult males, Salami Village, Los Negros Island, Manus Province (02o 02.46S, 147 o 24.24 E; 5 m a.s.l.) collected by C. Austin on 28 August 2001; UPNG 10052 – 4, SAMA R 62821 – 3, adult males, Lorengau, Manus Island (2 o01.870' S, 147 o 15.593 'E; 5–10 m a.s.l.), collected by S. Richards on 4 June 2002. Diagnosis. A moderately large Platymantis (males 32.0– 38.3 mm, females 52.4–58.3 mm) distinguished from congeners in the Papuan region by a combination of very short legs (TL/SVL 0.46–0.50), small terminal discs on digits, reduced dorsal folds, a dark loreal stripe, and a biphasic advertisement call consisting of an introductory “rattle” followed by a single musical pulse. Description of holotype. Adult male with vocal slits, calling when collected. Head longer than wide (HL/ HW 1.06), canthus rostralis straight, well defined; loreal region oblique, slightly concave; nares closer to snout than eye, oriented postero-laterally; snout rounded in lateral view, broadly rounded in dorsal view; tympanum moderately large (TYM/EYE 0.64), annulus low but distinct, obscured by curved supratympanic fold dorsally; vomerine teeth in two prominent clumps between and posterior to choanae; tongue oval, deeply bifid posteriorly. Snout minutely roughened; eyelids with numerous low tubercles and one large, rounded tubercle; skin finely granular dorsally and laterally; a series of low, longitudinal folds on dorsum, the most prominent being lyrate and starting behind each eye, converging towards the mid-dorsum at a point above the arms. A long dorso-lateral fold begins lateral to, and overlaps (by 4 mm), the prominent pair of dorsal folds, terminating above groin; additional short folds between orbits, on mid-dorsum, and laterally. Anterior one third of throat granular, remainder of throat and chest smooth, abdomen granular posteriorly. Limbs short (TL/SV 0.48); relative lengths of fingers 3> 2> 1> 4; subarticular tubercles prominent, fingers unwebbed; tips of digits slightly wider than penultimate phalanx, with shallow circum-marginal grooves. Relative length of toes 4> 3> 5> 2> 1; subarticular tubercles prominent, heavily pigmented; toes with trace of basal webbing; tips of digits expanded with deep circum-marginal grooves; toe discs larger than finger discs (3 FD/ 4 TD 0.73). Dorsally brown, paler creamy brown laterally with scattered darker brown patches; a narrow, pale brown mid-vertebral line from snout to vent diverges above vent and continues along dorsal surface of thigh and tibia, and posterior edge of tarsus. A broad dark brown loreal stripe extends from tip of snout, through eye and tympanum, terminating at a point above arm insertion. Loreal stripe forms sharp boundary with dorsal snout colouration along canthus rostralis. Patches of dark brown pigment form bars on lower lip, bars across arms and fingers, and faint dark bands across thighs and tibiae. Hidden surfaces of legs heavily and unevenly pigmented with dark brown, anterior of thighs and knees with large brown patches. A triangular patch of dark brown pigment encloses vent. Additional dark brown patches enclose short sections of dorso-lateral folds, including those in inter-orbital space, on mid-dorsum, and laterally. Ventrally cream, with dense brown stippling on throat. Measurements of the holotype: SV 38.3; TL 18.2 HW 15.5; HL 16.5; EN 4.1; IN 4.1; EYE 5.3; TYM 3.4; 4 TD 1.1; 4 TP 0.6; 3 FD 0.8; 3 FP 0.7; 1 FD 0.75. Variation. Variation in measurements and proportions of the paratypes are presented in Table 1. Males are 32.0– 38.3 mm, females 52.4–58.3 mm SV. Dorsal colouration is rather uniform, all frogs being a shade of pale to dark brown. In several paratypes the intensity of dorsal and lateral pigmentation is variable, producing a mottled pattern. The dark loreal stripe and extremely short limbs are consistent features of the paratype series. In some specimens the narrow dorsal folds are conspicuously paler than the background colour, but in others the dorsal colouration is uniform. Pale spots may be present along the upper and lower lips, and the intensity of pigmentation on the throat is variable. Two paratypes have the thin, pale mid-vertebral stripe exhibited by the holotype. Advertisement call. The vocalization of P. latro sp. nov. is normally a single biphasic note lasting about 0.5 s and normally consisting of a series of 10–20 short, irregularly spaced pulses followed by one long, musical pulse. Inter-pulse interval of short pulses varies from 0.004– 0.071 s. ‘Short’ pulses last 0.0027– 0.023 s and ‘long’ pulses are 0.037– 0.115 s (Table 3). Energy in the short pulses is broadly distributed but energy in long pulses is concentrated in a narrow frequency band (Fig. 6). Notes are produced at approximately two-second intervals and are uttered singly or, occasionally, in couplets or triplets. The call structure of P. l a t ro is similar to that of other species of the Platymantis papuensis ‘group’ in the New Guinea region in that notes have an initial pulsed ‘segment’ followed by an unpulsed terminal ‘segment’ (e.g. Zweifel 1969). However the calls (= notes) differ dramatically from those of all morphologically similar species in the region (P. adiastolus, P. admiraltiensis sp. nov., P. cryptotis, P. papuensis, P. s c h m i d t i and P. w e b e r i) in that they are presented individually rather than in series, and individual notes are more than twice the length of notes produced by these species (0.5 s vs <0.2 s; Zweifel 1969, Menzies 1982, Günther 1999, Brown et al. 2006, Richards unpublished data). As a result the acoustic impression is of a harsh rattle followed by a musical ‘ping’, quite unlike the ‘yapping’ or ‘rattling’ sound produced by the other species. Advertisement call parameters are presented in Table 3 and a call is illustrated and compared with the call of P. admiraltiensis and P. papuensis in Figure 6. FIGURE 6. Advertisement calls of A. Platymantis admiraltiensis sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R 62799), B. P. papuensis (recorded on Biak Island, the type locality for this species), and C. P. l a t ro sp nov. holotype (SAMA R 62819) recorded at air temperatures of 28, 25.2 and 27 o C respectively. Comparison with other species. The size, general habitus, small finger and toe discs, dorsal folds, and biphasic note structure of the advertisement call of P. latro sp. nov. suggest affinities with the informal P. papuensis ‘complex’. It differs from all other species in this group by its conspicuous dark loreal mask, extremely short legs (TL/SV = 0.5) and advertisement call structure (Table 3). Platymantis adiastolus, P. admiraltiensis sp. nov., P. c r y p t o t i s, P. papuensis, P. schmidti, and P. w e b e r i have advertisement calls consisting of a repetitive train of short notes consisting, in full sequences, of many notes (Zweifel 1969, Menzies 1982, Günther 1999, Brown et al. 2006) and having individual notes lasting less than 0.2 s. These calls contrast strikingly with the single-note calls of P. l a t ro sp. nov. that last for 0.5 s (see ‘Advertisement call’ above for a more detailed comparison of vocalisations). Two other Platymantis in the New Guinea region, P. boulengeri and P. rhipiphalcus, exhibit a conspicuously darkened loreal region. P. boulengeri is a much larger species (to ~ 70 mm) with a very broad head (HW/SV 0.44–0.49 vs 0.36–0.40 in P. l a t ro) and it and the smaller P. rhipiphalcus (females to 41.5 mm) can be distinguished from P. latro by having a fan-shaped series of dorsal skin folds (absent in P. latro). Etymology: A noun in apposition from the Latin meaning ‘robber’, referring to the dark loreal face-mask of this species. Distribution. Presently known from Manus, Los Negros, Rambutyo and Pak Islands in the Admiralty Archipelago, Papua New Guinea (Figure 7). Natural history. Males called from exposed or semi-exposed positions in forest litter, or from the base of grass tussocks in disturbed garden habitats, at night after heavy rain. No frogs were observed calling from elevated sites. This species occurred in micro-sympatry with P. admiraltiensis sp. nov., and calling males of the two species were frequently spaced less than 50 cm apart. Like that species, P. l a t ro sp. nov. persists in large numbers in heavily degraded habitats, including grassy paddocks in the centre of Lorengau Town. Given its tolerance of habitat degradation and its wide distribution on Manus and surrounding islands we recommend that the conservation status of this species be listed as ‘Least Concern’ using the criteria of the Global Amphibian Assessment.Published as part of Richards, Stephen J., Mack, Andrew L. & Austin, Christopher C., 2007, Two new species of Platymantis (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae) from the Admiralty Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, pp. 41-55 in Zootaxa 1639 on pages 47-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17963
Platymantis admiraltiensis Richards, Mack & Austin, 2007, sp. nov.
No full textPlatymantis admiraltiensis sp. nov. (Figs 1 – 6) Type material. Holotype: SAMA R 62799, Adult male, Chachuau Camp near Tulu 1 Village, Manus Island, Papua New Guinea (2 o01.089' S, 146 o 47.807 ' E; ~ 20 m a.s.l.) collected by S.J. Richards on 8 June 2002. Paratypes: UPNG 10049, SAMA R 62800 – 1 adult females, and UPNG 10050, SAMA R 62802 – 3 adult males, same location as holotype, collected by S.J. Richards on 7 June 2002; SAMA R 62804 – 5 adult males, Lorengau, Manus Island (2 o01.870' S, 147 o 15.593 'E; 5–10 m a.s.l.) collected by S.J. Richards on 4 June 2002; SAMA R 62808 – 10 adult males, Tulu 1 Village, Manus Island (1 o 57.530 ' S, 146 o 50.085 'E; 5–10 m a.s.l.) collected by S.J. Richards on 5–6 June 2002; SAMA R 62806, adult male, Tingau Village, 27 km south-west of Lorengau (02 o 05.76S, 147 o 06.33E; 296 m a.s.l.) and SAMA R 62807, adult female, Salami Village, Los Negros Island, Manus Province (02o 02.46S, 147 o 24.24 E; 5 m a.s.l.) collected by C. Austin on 28 August 2001; SAMA R 62812 – 3, adult females, and R 62811, R 62814 – 6 adult males, Natnewai Camp, Manus Island (2 o 10.053 'S, 147 o 15.09 'E; 150 m a.s.l.) collected by A. Mack on 29 April 2001. Diagnosis. A moderate sized Platymantis (males 32.7–38.4 mm, females 43.2–46.4 mm SVL) distinguished from congeners in the Papuan region by a combination of relatively long legs (TL/SVL 0.54–0.60), small terminal discs on toes, pronounced dorsal folds, no dark loreal stripe, a mottled pattern on the posterior of the thighs, and an advertisement call consisting of a long series of slowly repeated (0.4–1.9 notes/s) yapping notes. Description of Holotype. Adult male with vocal slits. Head slightly longer than wide (HL/HW 1.04), canthus rostralis straight, gently rounded; loreal region oblique, slightly concave; nares closer to snout than eye, oriented postero-laterally; tympanum large (TYM/EYE 0.72), prominent, annulus abutting strong supratympanic fold dorsally; vomerine teeth in two large clumps at postero-medial edge of choanae; tongue oval, deeply bifid posteriorly. Skin finely granular dorsally with numerous longitudinal folds, most prominent folds forming four pairs of lyrate-shaped ridges on dorsum. First pair starts behind each eye, subsequent pairs becoming progressively shorter posteriorly. A short (1.8 mm) pair of folds between orbits; scattered low tubercles dorsally and laterally; most of throat and chest minutely roughened; anterior edge of throat, posterior of thighs and abdomen slightly granular; an elongate (1.6 mm) tubercle oriented postero-laterally at rear edge of tympanic membrane. Limbs moderately long (TL/SV 0.58); relative lengths of fingers 1> 3> 2> 4, subarticular tubercles prominent, fingers unwebbed; tips of digits slightly wider than penultimate phalanx, with weak circum-marginal grooves. Relative length of toes 4> 3> 5> 2> 1; subarticular tubercles prominent, one tubercle on right foot swollen, deformed; toes with trace of basal webbing; tips of digits expanded with prominent circum-marginal grooves; toe discs larger than finger discs (3 FD/ 4 TD 0.56). Dorsally dark brown with broad, darker brown cross-bars on limbs and two small dark patches in loreal region, one anterior of eye and other posterior of naris. Supratympanic fold with narrow dark line along ventral edge. Laterally paler than dorsum, with pigmentation forming irregular and diffuse brown patches. Upper and lower lips with brown bars, tympanic membrane mottled with dark and pale brown, interior edge of annulus with narrow ring of dark pigment. Snout anterior of midpoint between eyelids paler brown than rest of dorsum. Posterior of thighs mottled with dark and pale brown. Subarticular tubercles less intensely pigmented than palmar and plantar surfaces. Ventrally cream, with scattered and diffuse brown stippling around angle of jaws. Measurements of the holotype: SV 36.7; TL 21.4; HW 15.2; HL 15.8; EN 4.3; IN 3.6; EYE 5.0; TYM 3.6; 4 TD 1.6; 4 TP 0.7; 3 FD 0.9; 3 FP 0.8; 1 FD 0.9. Variation. Variation in measurements and proportions of the paratypes are presented in Table 1. Males are 32.7–38.4 mm, females 43.2–46.4 mm SV. Dorsal colour pattern is highly variable. Ground colour is pale to dark brown; one specimen is grey. The dorsum may be unicolor or mottled (n = 12), there may be a narrow (0.2 –2.0 mm wide, n = 3) or broad (n = 2) mid-vertebral stripe, and/or a pair of pale dorso-lateral stripes (n = 3). Subarticular tubercles on all specimens are conspicuously less pigmented than palmar and plantar surfaces, and pigmentation is nearly absent on tubercles of some paratypes. Pale markings on the posterior surfaces of the thighs form discrete spots or short irregular bars in all specimens. Iris pale brown, usually with narrow darker brown reticulations. Advertisement call. The advertisement call is a very long (full sequences 21–44 sec) series of slowly repeated (~ 0.4–1.9 notes/s), yapping notes (Table 2; Figure 6). Each series starts slowly and irregularly, and note repetition rate increases in terminal sequences of the series. Notes have two discrete components, a finely pulsed introductory ‘segment’ (sensu Zweifel 1969) followed without pause by a longer unpulsed segment. Call characteristics are presented in Table 2. Some of the calls analysed did not comprise full sequences, which normally exceeded 20 sec in length but were difficult to record. A single call is illustrated and compared with P.latro sp. nov. and P. papuensis in Figure 6. Comparisons with other species. The size, general habitus, small finger and toe discs, prominent dorsal folds, and advertisement call structure of P. admiraltiensis sp. nov. suggest affinities with the informal P. papuensis ‘complex’, a morphologically conservative group of predominantly terrestrial Platymantis. From P. bimaculatus, P. cheesmanae and P. wuenscheorum it differs in its much larger size (male SV to 38 mm vs <32 mm), from P. punctatus in its vestigial (vs extensive) webbing between the toes and from P. batantae by its larger size (female SV 46.4 mm vs <40 mm in batantae; Zweifel 1969), and by having a strongly mottled (vs not mottled) pattern on the posterior of the thighs. P. admiraltiensis is similar morphologically to P. adiastolus, P. c r y p t o t i s, P. papuensis, P. schmidti and P. w e b e r i. It differs from all of these species by the distinctly mottled posterior surfaces of the thighs, and by its advertisement call. The basic structure of individual notes is similar among these species, but note repetition rates at similar temperatures are dramatically different. The calls of P. adiastolus, P. cryptotis, P. papuensis, and P. s c h m i d t i have been analysed and described in detail previously (Zweifel 1969, Menzies 1982, Günther 1999, Brown et al. 2006). P. admiraltiensis has a call rate (0.4–1.9 notes/s, see Table 2) that is much slower than P. adiastolus (4.3 notes/s; Brown et al. 2006), P. cryptotis (~ 10 notes/s; Günther 1999), P. papuensis (~ 4.5 notes/s; Günther 1999), P. s c h m i d t i (12.8 notes/s; Brown et al. 2006) and P. w e b e r i (~ 8 notes/s; Richards unpublished data). The slow call rate of P. admiraltiensis is not attributable to low temperatures. Recordings of this species on Manus Island, an island close to the equator, were made at temperatures of 28 o C, much higher than temperatures at which the other taxa were recorded (see references above). 2.9–3.6 3.7–4.4 3.4–4.1 4.7–5.7 P. admiraltiensis male P. admiraltiensis female P. l a t ro male P. l a t ro female n = 13 n = 6 n = 9 n = 6 0.125–0.147 0.12–0.15 0.13–0.16 0.118–0.133 Etymology. The specific name refers to the Admiralty Archipelago, which encompasses the known distribution of this species. Distribution. Known only from Manus and Los Negros Islands, Manus Province, Papua New Guinea (Figure 7). Natural history. Males called from exposed or semi-exposed positions in forest litter, or from the base of grass tussocks in disturbed garden habitats, after heavy rain. This species appeared to be at least as abundant in gardens around Tulu 1 Village where canopy cover was severely reduced, as they were in closed canopy forest at Chachuau Camp. Given the ability of this species to persist in heavily degraded habitats, and its wide distribution on Manus and Los Negros Island, we suggests that this species should be listed as ‘Least Concern’ using the criteria of the Global Amphibian Assessment.Published as part of Richards, Stephen J., Mack, Andrew L. & Austin, Christopher C., 2007, Two new species of Platymantis (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae) from the Admiralty Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, pp. 41-55 in Zootaxa 1639 on pages 43-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17963
Self-consciousness and the image of self in the poetry of Stephen Spender, 1928 to 1934
No full textThe purpose of this thesis is twofold. First, to demonstrate the value and significance of Spender's early poetry in terms of its vision and technique. Through a series of close readings the thesis traces the ways in which Spender's early poetry not only shows itself to be self-conscious but also manipulates images of self. Presenting images of self, Spender achieves a balance between engagement with and distance from the self, and the reader shares in the process of poetic self-awareness. Secondly, to demonstrate the broader value of the poetry. Spender's poetry presents a distinctive exploration of the possibilities of self in relation to the external world. The resolution of Spender’s questioning and selection of both personal and public values, rooted in his contemporary situation and private circumstances, in his poetry takes the form less of historical document than of human record. The period on which I focus, 1928 to 1934, represents Spender’s first, and arguably most significant, poetic phase. The thesis is specifically concerned with four texts: Nine Experiments. Spender's contributions to Oxford Poetry (1929 and 1930), Twenty Poems and Poems (1933 and 1934). Nine Experiments marks the beginning of a particular approach and lyric style which finds its culmination in Poems (1933 and 1934). The earliest poetry is interesting largely insofar as it looks forward to later themes and techniques. In Nine Experiments and Oxford Poetry (1929 and 1930) we see Spender's often successful struggle to achieve effective forms in which to explore issues of self and value. Twenty Poems and Poems (1933 and 1934) concentrate on themes of love and friendship and the pressure on the poet of the contemporary political scene. The poetry does not reconcile the demands of the external, public world with his inner desires and aspirations, but presents a series of fascinatingly unresolved tensions. The thesis explores the way these poems strive for certainty. This striving stems from the tension between Spender's desire to politicize poetry and his tendency to the lyrical, personal statement
A conversation with Professor Stephen Frosh
No full textBook synopsis: “This new book by Carla Willig closes a gap in qualitative research in psychology and beyond. It focuses on the process of understanding in qualitative data analysis by taking the perspective of interpretation: What links our understanding with social and psychological phenomena in qualitative research? With its broad coverage of the literature and its clear style of writing it will be most helpful for anyone applying qualitative research to psychological phenomena.”
Uwe Flick, Alice Salomon University, Berlin and Vienna Universities
“In this work Carla Willig takes on one of the most pressing challenges in qualitative inquiry: how are we to confront multiplicity in interpretation? I began reading with great curiosity; I came away feeling that this is the best treatment of this complex subject I have yet encountered. Combining conceptual sophistication, the skill of clarity, and a welcome sense of balance, Willig illuminates and enriches. Her discussion on the ethics of interpretation sets the book apart. Now I clamor to join the discussions demanded by this fascinating work.”
Kenneth Gergen, Senior Research Professor, Swarthmore College, USA
“Carla Willig's balanced and insightful text goes to the heart of what is stake in debates over qualitative analysis: the act of interpretation itself. Beginning with the idea that the researcher must recognise both the responsibility and privilege of research, Willig clearly demonstrates how interpretation is actually performed and how to negotiate the epistemological and practical issues that are involved. Opposing the tendency for the researcher to disappear in the act of 'doing analysis', this book offers a distinctively human and affective vision of interpretative work. There is much here for both dedicated qualitative researchers and curious empiricists of every stripe. Students of psychology, read on: you have nothing to lose but your prejudices.”
Steven Brown, Professor of Social and Organisational Psychology, University of Leicester, UK
“At last! This is the book that qualitative researchers in psychology have required for some time, and it fills a significant gap for the field. Willig provides a brilliantly written comprehensive account of the importance and value of interpretation in qualitative research, covering theory, ethics and debate around interpretation, and including detailed practical applications that reveal the complexities and complications involved in interpretative analytic work. This text exposes the necessity of reaching for interpretation in qualitative data analysis, and is essential reading for qualitative researchers, whatever their level of expertise, both within and beyond psychology.”
Kerry Chamberlain, Professor of Social and Health Psychology, Massey University, New Zealand
Interpretation is an integral part of all qualitative research, yet relatively little has been written about its process. In her new book, Carla Willig, author of international bestseller Introducing Qualitative Research Methods in Psychology, sheds light on the role of interpretation in qualitative research in psychology and describes the different approaches for practice.
Packed with case studies, two full interview transcripts and worked examples from psychology, health sciences and the arts, Willig skilfully guides you to conduct qualitative research which is interpretative and based upon a clear rationale and interpretative position. You will also learn how to evaluate interpretative research and to acquire an understanding of what constitutes best ethical practice.
Carla’s transcribed conversations with Stephen Frosh, Christine Griffin and Jonathan Smith about the meaning and practice of interpretation provide a fascinating insight into the ways in which highly experienced researchers engage with the challenge of interpreting qualitative data
Acute Ethanol Administration Rapidly Increases Phosphorylation of Conventional Protein Kinase C in Specific Mammalian Brain Regions in Vivo
No full textBackground
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of isoenzymes that regulate a variety of functions in the central nervous system including neurotransmitter release, ion channel activity, and cell differentiation. Growing evidence suggests that specific isoforms of PKC influence a variety of behavioral, biochemical, and physiological effects of ethanol in mammals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether acute ethanol exposure alters phosphorylation of conventional PKC isoforms at a threonine 674 (p-cPKC) site in the hydrophobic domain of the kinase, which is required for its catalytic activity.
Methods
Male rats were administered a dose range of ethanol (0, 0.5, 1, or 2 g/kg, intragastric) and brain tissue was removed 10 minutes later for evaluation of changes in p-cPKC expression using immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods.
Results
Immunohistochemical data show that the highest dose of ethanol (2 g/kg) rapidly increases p-cPKC immunoreactivity specifically in the nucleus accumbens (core and shell), lateral septum, and hippocampus (CA3 and dentate gyrus). Western blot analysis further showed that ethanol (2 g/kg) increased p-cPKC expression in the P2 membrane fraction of tissue from the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. Although p-cPKC was expressed in numerous other brain regions, including the caudate nucleus, amygdala, and cortex, no changes were observed in response to acute ethanol. Total PKC? immunoreactivity was surveyed throughout the brain and showed no change following acute ethanol injection
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