78 research outputs found
DeepSlides dataset
No full text<p>DeepSlides dataset.</p>
<p>please cite:</p>
<pre>@article{senaras2018deepfocus,
title={DeepFocus: detection of out-of-focus regions in whole slide digital images using deep learning},
author={Senaras, Caglar and Niazi, M Khalid Khan and Lozanski, Gerard and Gurcan, Metin N},
journal={PloS one},
volume={13},
number={10},
pages={e0205387},
year={2018},
publisher={Public Library of Science San Francisco, CA USA}
}</pre>
Lycopene inhibits caspase-3 activity and reduces oxidative organ damage in a rat model of thermal injury
No full textOxidative stress has been implicated in various pathological processes including burn induced multiple organ damage. This study investigated the effects of lycopene treatment against oxidative injury in rats with thermal trauma. Under ether anesthesia, shaved dorsum of the rats was exposed to 90 degrees C bath for 10 s to induce burn and treated either vehicle (olive oil) or lycopene (50 mg/kg orally). Rats were decapitated 48 h after injury and the tissue samples from lung and kidney were taken for histological analysis and the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and caspase-3 activities. Proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, were assayed in blood samples. Severe skin scald injury caused a significant decrease in GSH levels, SOD and CAT activities, and significant increases in MDA levels, MPO and caspase-3 activities of tissues. Similarly, plasma TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. were elevated in the burn group as compared to the control group. Lycopene treatment reversed all these biochemical indices. According to the findings of the present study, lycopene possesses antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects that prevents burn-induced oxidative damage in remote organs. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved
The Effects of Calorie Restriction and Exercise on Age-Related Alterations in Corpus Cavernosum
No full textBackground Aging is an important risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). Both calorie restriction (CR) and physical exercise (PE) have been established as a non-medical method for the improvement of detrimental changes in aging. It is well documented that both CR and PE influence on sympathetic and parasympathetic systems; however, there are few studies on non-adrenergic non-cholinergic pathways. This study aims to investigate the NO-mediated mechanisms of CR and PE on corpus cavernosum in aged rats. Materials and Methods 3 and 15 month-old rats were divided into five experimental groups: young rats fed ad libitum (Y-C), aged rats fed ad libitum (O-S), aged rats with CR (O-CR), aged rats with PE (O-PE), and aged rats with CR and PE (O-CR-PE). CR was applied to animals as a 40% reduction of daily food intake for 6 weeks. PE was moderate swimming at 30 min at 3 days/week. The effects of CR and PE were evaluated by histologic, biologic, and in-vitro tissue bath studies. Results The outcomes in CR and PE groups (characterized by decreased nitrosative damage together with increased antioxidant capacity) were improved in comparison to the O-S. Apoptotic biomarkers were also lower and both endothelial and smooth muscle cell' functions were preserved too. There was no statistical difference between apoptosis, antioxidant capacity, and nitrosative damage parameters. Contractile responses to phenylephrine and relaxation responses to carbachol were: O-CR > O-PE > O-CR-PE. In these groups, NOS protein levels determined by western-blot were: eNOS: O-CR = O-CR + PE > O-PE; iNOS: O-CR = O-PE > O-CR-PE; nNOS: O-PE > O-CR-PE > O-CR. Conclusion In our study, both CR and PE prevented age-related changes in the corpus cavernosum of rats. Reducing nitrosative damage in the neurovascular structure was the main mechanism. CR and exercise restored the endothelial and smooth muscle cells in corpus cavernosum by decreasing apoptosis. The mechanism of enhancing functional response in corpus cavernosum with CR was the improvement of endothelial function via eNOS activation however it involves increases in the NO-cGMP signaling pathway by an endothelium-independent mechanism with PE. This might be a direct stimulation of smooth muscle cells by NO, which released from the cavernous nerve endings via nNOS activation
Combination of exercise and caloric restriction ameliorates nearly complete deleterious effects of aging on cardiovascular hemodynamic and antioxidant system parameters
No full textAging is a progressive and catabolic process by cells of the body are broken down. Study scrutinized the effects of exercise and caloric restriction in cardiovascular hemodynamics and antioxidant system parameters. Rats divided to 5 categories as 1 control group (including 3 months aged animals) and 4 test groups (including 15 months aged animals) named by A-SED (aged-sedentary), A-CR (aged-caloric restricted), A-EX (aged-exercised) and A-CR-EX (aged-(exercised + caloric restricted)) created by adding carbachol (CAR) and phenylephrine (PE) cumulatively and during 6 weeks, 40% caloric restriction and swimming were administered to aged animals. At the beginning and end of study, blood pressure (BP) and ECHO of the animals were measured. After decapitation process, tissue (heart and aorta) samples were collected. In tissue samples, apoptotic and oxidative stress parameters, and in blood samples NO levels were studied. Additionally, tissues were viewed as histologically at light microscopy. GraphPad Prism 5v. program was used for statistics and p<0.05 were considered significantly. Contraction-relaxation responses of aorta improved after CR and EX administrations (p<0.05). In both tissues, oxidative stress parameters (8-OHdG, MDA, SOD, GSH), caspase-3 activity and caspase-3 dansity were recovered meaningfully (p<0.05). Finally, NO levels were significantly recovered with CR and EX administrations in aged animals (p<0.05). To sum up, it is suggested that CR and EX administrations contribute to the recovery of hemodynamic and antioxidant system parameters in aged rats
Nitric oxide mediated effects of nebivolol on erectile function in rats with heart failure
No full textBackground and objective: Heart failure (HF) is a common
complication of cardiovascular disease, which leads to functional cardiac
abnormalities. Beta-blockers are commonly used to reduce mortality in HF
patients; however, they are associated with an increased risk of erectile
dysfunction (ED). Nebivolol is a third-generation beta-blocker with also having a
Nitric oxide (NO) releasing effect. NO plays a key role in penile erection. The
aim of this study was to investigate the NO-mediated effects of nebivolol on ED
in HF.
Material and methods: Twenty-four weeks old rats were divided
into three groups: sham-operated control (SC), HF-induced control (HFC), and
nebivolol-treated (HFNEB). HF was induced by the ligation of the left anterior
descending coronary artery. Eight weeks after the ligation, functional,
hemodynamic, biologic, and histologic studies were conducted to assess
NO-mediated effects of nebivolol.
Results: HF rats displayed impaired erectile function
represented by decreased intracavernosal/mean arterial pressure ratio (ICP/MAP).
Increased nitrosative damage/decreased antioxidant capacity was consistent with
decreased endothelial NOS (eNOS) and increased inducible NOS (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) immunoreactivity in this group.
Nebivolol treated animals were characterized by improved functional capacity,
increased antioxidant and decreased oxidant capacity. Prevention of eNOS and an
increase in nNOS immunoreactivity was also significant in this group.
Conclusion: Our study showed the positive effects of nebivolol
on erectile function in HF. NO-mediated mechanisms behind this effect can be
summarized as eNOS mediated dilation of the cavernous body and nNOS mediated
smooth muscle relaxation. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first
in the literature to discuss all three NOS isoforms in order to explain the
NO-mediated effects of nebivolol in ED
Carbon Fiber Tow Spreading: Experimental Machine Design, Friction Behaviour, and Novel Monitoring Concepts
No full textThis master’s thesis focuses on the design and assembly of an innovative tow spreading line for investigating carbon fiber tow spreading through the utilization of spreader bars. The primary objective was to examine the friction behavior during the spreading process by employing multiple tension sensors. Additionally, novel monitoring concepts including 4-point resistivity sensing, optical width and gap detection, and optical analysis for determining fiber orientation within the carbon tow were introduced. Through a series of experiments conducted on the newly built setup, comprehensive data was collected and analyzed. The findings revealed an intriguing observation that deviates from the established Capstan equation. It was observed that an increase in tension in the tow resulted in a reduced apparent friction coefficient during bar tow spreading. This departure from the conventional understanding of friction dynamics in this scenario contributes valuable insights to the field of carbon fiber tow spreading. Furthermore, the feasibility of utilizing resistivity measurements as a means of detecting material anomalies, such as damage or waviness, was investigated. The results demonstrated that this technique, while partially reliant on tow tension, consistently detected such anomalies. However, challenges were encountered in achieving quantitative consistency in the optical orientation analysis, making it difficult to obtain robust results in this aspect. The experimental monitoring setup also revealed an increase of approximately 20% in the width of the tow. To enhance process repeatability, recommendations are proposed to upgrade several components of the built experimental line. Moreover, it is advised to further test and develop the software analysis techniques to achieve a higher degree of repeatability, thus potentially validating the obtained results. In conclusion, this research contributes to the understanding of carbon fiber tow spreading through the design and assembly of an experimental production line, examination of friction behavior, and the introduction of novel monitoring techniques. The outcomes serve as a foundation for future investigations and advancements in this domain, with the potential to enhance the efficiency and quality of carbon fiber tow spreading processes.Aerospace Engineerin
Clinical Impacts of Cyp3a4 Isoenzyme on Drugs Used in Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: Drug-Drug Interactions
No full textPharmacists’ Role in Cost Saving and Waste Minimization Study on Antineoplastic Drugs: A Multi-Central Study in Turkey
No full textCancer diseases are the most common cause of death and chemotherapeutics used in cancer treatment have an important place in the budget allocated to health due to their high costs. This study aims to reduce disposal costs and reduce chemotherapy drug expenses through cost savings. Our study was conducted between November 2017 and July 2018 (1st semester) and between August 2018 and April 2019 (2nd semester) in three hospitals using a common chemotherapy drug preparation center. Chemotherapy sessions were rearranged in accordance with the drugs included in the treatment plans to reduce drug costs. The drug quantities billed through hospital automation programs and the disposal costs of unused drugs were reported by the pharmacists on a milligram (mg) basis. The obtained data was analyzed by the GraphPad Prism program. P<0.05 was considered significant. While the total amount of waste medicine in the 1st. period was reported as 371,866 mg, it was reported as 303,056 mg in the 2nd. period (p<0.05). While the total disposal cost was calculated at € 87,867.02 in the 1st. period, it was calculated € 26,392.48 in the 2nd. period under the control of pharmacists (p<0.01). In this study, it was observed that providing and monitoring drug preparation services by well-equipped pharmacists specialized in the field of oncology gave positive results in terms of reducing both drug expenditures and drug disposal costs. Further studies are needed to determine the safety of chemotherapy pharmacists and patients.Emerging Sources Citation Inde
The Effect of Nebivolol on Acute Renal Injury Developed After Myocardial Ischemia: A Preclinical Study
No full textAim: During reperfusion of myocardial ischemia, damage can also be seen in the kidneys. Although many studies have been conducted on the underlying mechanisms, the basic mechanism of this interaction is still unknown. We think that this is oxidative/nitrosative damage caused by hypoperfusion. Nebivolol is a beta-blocker with nitric oxide (NO)-mediated effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the NO-mediated effect of nebivolol on acute renal injury (ARI) developed after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR)
Effect of wettability and textile architecture on fluid displacement and pore formation during infiltration of carbon fibrous preforms
No full textWe seek to address how air entrapment mechanisms during infiltration are influenced by the wetting characteristics of the fluid and the pore network formed by the reinforcement. To this end, we evaluated the behavior of two model fluids with different surface tensions, infiltrating three carbon fiber reinforcements, by means of X-ray radiography. We also assessed initial (dry) and final (wetted) states for each experiment by performing X-ray CT scans. We found that the fluid characteristics strongly affect the flow front patterns and pore filling events for a given fabric architecture. Two main promoters of snap-off events are involved in capillary dominated flows: a very wetting system leading to corner flows and the fabric bundles oriented perpendicular to the flow acting as obstacles, specifically in fabric architectures prone to variations in nesting. Finally, we evaluated the applicability of a pore network model to further link preform architecture and void formation.Aerospace Manufacturing Technologie
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