1,721,015 research outputs found
Development Of A Computational Tool For Simulating Falling Film Molecular Design
No full textIn a previous work, a software named DISMOL was developed in order to simulate molecular distillation (MD). However, due to the restricted access to this tool, and to the importance of having a computational tool available for future investigations of operational policies in oil refinery, in the present work, it is proposed the development of a general procedure for this highly specific process in the commercial simulator Aspen Plus®. Since no single unit operation is available in the commercial simulator that can appropriately simulate a falling film distillator, the proposal, in a preliminary approach, makes use of a sequence of flash vessels corrected with process efficiency, in order to accomplish the task of MD simulation. Experimental data of a binary system distillated in a falling film molecular distillator are used for the validation of the developed procedure. The results indicate the potential of the proposed procedure to represent a MD equipment for the system evaluated, making possible the study of different operational policies in conducting this high vacuum distillation operation for high-value products, such as the derived from oil refining. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.26743748Erciyes, A.T., Ishikawa, H., Inuzuka, M., Hiraoka, S., Mori, H., Yamada, I., (1987) I. Chem. E. Symposium Series, 1, pp. A359Hernández, J.A.B., Linan, L.Z., Jardin, A., Maciel, M.R.W., Filho, R.M., Oliveira, L.C.M., Rio Oil & Gás Expo and Conference, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2008) IBP2712_, 8Rocha, E.R.L., Maciel, M.R.W., Filho, R.M., Batistella, C.B., Oliveira, L.C.M., Rio Oil & Gás Expo and Conference, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2008) IBP2724_, 8Rocha, R.S., Maciel, M.R.W., Filho, R.M., Batistella, C.B., Oliveira, L.C.M., Rio Oil & Gás Expo and Conference, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2008) IBP2730_, 8Batistella, C.B., Maciel, M.R.W., (1996) Computers Chem. Engng., 20, pp. S19Lutisan, J., Cvengros, J., Micoslav, M., (2002) Chemical Engeneering Journal, 85, p. 225Hickman, K.C.D., (1943) A Review. Chem. Rev., 34, p. 51Lutisan, J., Cvengros, J., Micoslav, M., (2000) Chemical Engeneering Journal, 78, p. 6
A New Computational Tool For Falling Film Molecular Distillation Performance Prediction
No full textIn a previous work, a software named DISMOL, was developed in order to simulate molecular distillation. However, due to the restricted access to this tool and the easiness to make use of data bank and physical properties, in the present work, it is proposed the development of general procedure for this highly specific process in the commercial simulator Aspen Plus®, Since no single unit operation is available in the commercial simulator that can appropriately simulate a falling film molecular distillator (MD), the proposal, in a preliminary approach makes use of a sequence of flash vessels in order to accomplish the task of MD simulation. Experimental data of a binary system distillated in a MD are used for the validation of the developed tool. The results indicate the high potential of this tool in representing a MD equipment, making possible the evaluation of different operational policies in conducting this high vacuum distillation to achieve products with the desired quality and properties. The development of the proposed computational tool is an important step for the investigations of operational policies for MD application in oil refining since no industrial data of such equipment is available. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.27C19051910Erciyes, A.T., Ishikawa, H., Inuzuka, M., Hiraoka, S., Mori, H., Yamada, I., (1987) I. Chem. E. Symposium Series, 1, pp. A359Hernández, J.A.B., Linan, L.Z., Jardin, A., Maciel, M.R.W., Filho, R.M., Oliveira, L.C.M., (2008) Rio Oil & Gás Expo and Conference, , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, IBP2712-08Rocha, E.R.L., Maciel, M.R.W., Filho, R.M., Batistella, C.B., Oliveira, L.C.M., (2008) Rio Oil & Gás Expo and Conference, , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, IBP2724-08Rocha, R.S., Maciel, M.R.W., Filho, R.M., Batistella, C.B., Oliveira, L.C.M., (2008) Rio Oil & Gás Expo and Conference, , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, IBP2730-08Batistella, C.B., Maciel, M.R.W., (1996) Computers Chem. Engng., 20, pp. S19Lutisan, J., Cvengros, J., Micoslav, M., (2002) Chemical Engeneering Journal, 85, p. 225Hickman, K.C.D., (1943) A Review. Chem. Rev., 34, p. 51Lutisan, J., Cvengros, J., Micoslav, M., (2000) Chemical Engeneering Journal, 78, p. 61P.S.D. Santos, Sc. D. These, Laboratory of Separation Process Development, School of Chemical Engeneering, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, 200
Evaluation On Numerical Methods For Resolution Of Stiff Systems
No full textBatch distillation process is characterized as being highly flexible, handling a wide range of different mixtures, feed compositions, number of components, changes in product demands and availability of shared storage. Unlike continuous distillation, batch distillation is inherently an unsteady state process and therefore the modelling of such columns is dynamic in nature. This generates a set of differential-algebraic equations (DAE) which is very stiff. In this work, the numerical integration of the system of differential equations is made by using Euler method, Runge-Kutta 4 th. order with variable step method and the semi-implicit method of Villadsen and Michelsen. All of them are compared using different degrees of stiffness. This result is very important to be used in on-line control purposes.76SUPPL. 2607608Boston, J.F., Britt, H.I., Jirapongphan, S., Shan, V.B., An Advanced System for the Simulation of Batch Distillation (1980) Chem. Proc. Design, pp. 203-237Cuille, P.E., Reklaitis, G.V., Dynamic Simulation of Multicomponent Batch Reticfication with Chemical Reactions (1986) Comput. Chem. Engng., 10, pp. 389-394Luz Jr., L.F.L., Maciel, M.R.W., (1992) Model., Polit, e Otim. de Col. Destil. Em Batelada, , 9o. COBEQ, BrazilLuz Jr., L.F.L., (1993), Master Thesis, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, BrazilVilladsen, J., Michelsen, M.L., (1978) Solution of Differential Equations Models by Polynomial Aproximations, , Prentice-Hall In
Interactive Supervision Of Batch Distillation With Advanced Control Capabilities
No full textIndustrial interest in batch distillation has increased significantly in recent years as more batch processing is being used for low-volume and high-value fine chemicals, but only a few studies of such a process has been reported in the literature concerned with advanced control. This work presents an interactive software that can be used for both simulation and control studies of a batch distillation column. The package uses a rigorous model and a suitable numerical integrator to integrate the stiff DAE system; the phase equilibria can be calculated using several thermodynamic models according to the nature of the system. Three control strategies were investigated to properly regulate the batch distillation process, namely, PID, predictive and adaptive control. Simulation results for closed loop operation are shown as well as a discussion about the recovery of more than one component in the batch column. The software shown here can be easily used to evaluate changes in all the process conditions, as well as in the controller settings, in order to minimise difficulties in the operation of such process. © 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.22SUPPL.1S867S870Assis, A.J., Luz Jr., L.F.L., Dechechi, E.C., Maciel, M.R.W., Maciel Filho, R., A software for interactive simulation and predictive control of a batch distillation column (1997) ECCE1 - 1st. European Congress of Chemical Engineering, , Florence, ItalyBoston, J.F., Britt, H.I., Jirapongphan, S., Shah, V.B., An Advanced System for the Simulation of Batch Distillation Operations (1980) Chemical Process Design, pp. 203-237Clarke, D.W., Phil, D., Gawthrop, P.J., Self-Tuning Controller (1975) Proceedings of the IEEE, 122 (9), pp. 929-934Cuille, P.E., Reklaitis, G.V., Dynamic Simulation of Multicomponent Batch Rectification with Chemical Reactions (1986) Comput. Chem. Engng., 10 (4), pp. 389-398Cutler, C.R., Ramaker, B.L., Dynamic Matrix Control - A Computer Control Algorithm (1979) AIChE National Meeting, , Houston, USADechechi, B.C., (1996) Controle DMC de Um Processo de Fermentação Alcoólica Contínua Em Escala Industrial, , M.Eng. Thesis, UNICAMP, BrasilDomenech, S., Enjalbert, M., Modele Mathematique d'une colonne de rectification discontinue - 1 etablissement du modelo (1974) Chemical Engineering Science, 29, pp. 1519-1528Luz Jr., L.F.L., Maciel, M.R.W., Numerical Methods for Simulation of Batch Distillation Columns: Stiff Systems (1995) Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engng, 12 (2), pp. 111-118Seborg, D.E., Edgar, T.F., Mellichamp, D.A., (1989) Process Dynamics and Control, , John Wiley & Sons, USASørensen, E., (1994) Studies on Optimal Operation and Control of Batch Distillation Columns, , Ph.D. Thesis, University of Trondheim, NorwaySastry, V.A., Seborg, D.E., Wood, R.K., Self-Tuning Regulator Applied to a Binary Distillation Column (1977) Automatica, 13, pp. 417-42
Comparing Centrifugal And Falling Film Molecular Stills Using Reflux And Cascade For Fine Chemical Separations
No full textMolecular distillation is an important separation process that uses high vacuum and low temperatures. The molecular distillation can present, in some cases, reduced power ofseparation using just one stage of distillation. So,it becomes itself essential the use of a sequence of molecular distillators. The objective of this work is to compare the performance ofmolecular distillators using systems with reflux and cascade with the palm oil system, in order to concentrate carotenes. © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd.23SUPPL. 1S767S770Batistella, C.B., Maciel, M.R.W., Comparing Centrifugal Molecular Still Using Reflux and Cascade (1997) The First European Congress on Chemical Engineering, , Florence, Italy, May 4-7Batistella, C.B., Maciel, M.R.W., Obtencao de Beta-Carotenos a Partir do Óleo de Palma atraves da Destilação Molecular (1997) I Congreso de Ingenierla de Procesos del Mercosur, , 1-4 Setiembre, Bahia Blanca, ArgentinaBatistella, C.B., Maciel, M.R.W., Application of Molecular Distillation on the Fine Chemical Separations (1996) 12th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, , August 2530, Phaga, Czech RepublicBatistella, C.B., Maciel, M.R.W., Modeling, Simulation and Analysis of Molecular Distillators: Centrifugal and Falling Film (1996) Computers Chemical Engineering, 20 (SUPPL), pp. SI9-S24Batistella, C.B., Maciel, M.R.W., Comparison Between Falling Film and Centrifugal Molecular Distillators for Separation of Fine Chemicals (1996) 3er Congreso Interamericano de Computación Aplicada a la Industria de Procesos, , CAIP'96, Cordoba,12-15 Novembro, ArgentinaBatistella, C.B., Maciel, M.R.W., Modelagem e Simulação de um Destilador Molecular Centrifugo (1994) IV Congreso Argentino de Ingenierla Quimica, , Santa Fé, Argentina, 18 a 20 de octubreCarnahan, B., Luther, H.A., Wilkes, J.D., (1969) Applied Numerical Methods, , John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (New York)Langmuir, I., The Vapor Pressure of Metallic Tungsten (1913) Phys. Rev. Ser., 2 (1), pp. 329-34
Rigorous Modeling And Simulation Of Molecular Distillators: Development Of A Simulator Under Conditions Of Non Ideality Of The Vapor Phase
No full textIn this work, a more rigorous model of the vapor phase was considered in characterizing the molecular distillation more realistically. The model used here tries to predict the behavior of the molecular distillation in terms of several factors that, in a considerable way, influence the evaporation efficiency, e.g. design of the molecular distillators in relation to the distance between the evaporator and the condenser and their geometries, pressure of the system, and condensation temperature. This model was developed in the literature by several authors. The objective here is to consider it in the DISMOL software (developed by the authors of this work) taking into account the main contributions available. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.In this work, a more rigorous model of the vapor phase was considered in characterizing the molecular distillation more realistically. The model used here tries to predict the behavior of the molecular distillation in terms of several factors that, in a considerable way, influence the evaporation efficiency, e.g. design of the molecular distillators in relation to the distance between the evaporator and the condenser and their geometries, pressure of the system, and condensation temperature. This model was developed in the literature by several authors. The objective here is to consider it in the DISMOL software (developed by the authors of this work) taking into account the main contributions available.2402/07/1513091315Batistella, C.B., (1996), M.Sc. thesis. LDPS Campinas-SP, Brasil: UNICAMPBatistella, C.B., Maciel, M.R.W., Modeling, simulation and analysis of molecular distillators: Centrifugal and falling film (1996) Computers & Chemical Engineering, 20 (SUPPL.), pp. S19-S24Bhandarkar, M., Ferron, J.R., Simulation of rarefied vapor flows (1991) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 30, pp. 998-1007Bird, G.A., Direct simulation and the Boltzmann equation (1970) The Physics of Fluids, 13, pp. 2676-2681Bird, G.A., (1976) Molecular Gas Dynamics, , Oxford, UK: Clarendon PressBird, G.A., (1994) Molecular Gas Dynamics and the Direct Simulation of Gas Flows, , Oxford, UK: Clarendon PressBorgnakke, C., Larsen, P.S., Statistical collision model for Monte Carlo simulation of polyatomic gas mixture (1975) Journal of Computational Physics, 18, pp. 405-420Ferron, J.R., Evaporation and condensation of mixture under rarefied conditions (1986) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 25, pp. 594-602Lutisãn, J., Cvengrõs, J., Mean free path of molecules on molecular distillation (1995) Chemical Engineering Journal, 56, pp. 39-50Lutisãn, J., Cvengrõs, J., Effect of inert gas pressure on the molecular distillation process (1995) Separation Science & Technology, 30 (17), pp. 3375-3389Oran, E.S., Oh, C.K., Cybyk, B.Z., Direct simulation Monte Carlo: Recent advances and applications (1998) Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 30, p. 40
Molecular Distillation Process For Recovering Biodiesel And Carotenoids From Palm Oil
No full textCarotenoids and biodiesel from palm oil were recovered through a process involving neutralization and transesterification of palm oil followed by molecular distillation of the esters. The concentrated obtained contains more than 30,000 ppm of carotenoids and the distillate contains above 95% of light-colored biodiesel. The experimental data were obtained from falling film and centrifugal molecular distillators. It can be seen that each one has its own characteristics, which are a function of the operating temperatures and of the tendency of the material thermal decomposition. These characteristics can determine the type of equipment to be used, since they have different operating conditions. The experimental results were compared to the ones from simulations using the mathematical modeling for the falling film and centrifugal distillators developed.98-10011491159Krawczyk, T., (1996) INFORM, 7 (8), pp. 801-815Ooi, C.K., Choo, Y.M., Yap, S.C., Barison, Y., Ong, A.S.H., (1994) AOCS Press, 71, pp. 423-426Lenfant, C., Thyrion, F.C., (1996) Fondamental, 3 (3), pp. 220-226Batistella, C.B., Maciel, M.R.W., (1996) Computers Chemical Engineering, 20 (SUPPL.), pp. S19-S24Batistella, C.B., (1999), PhD thesis, UNICAMP, LDPS Campinas-SP, BrazilBatistella, C.B., Maciel, M.R.W., Maciel Filho, R., (2000) Computers Chemical Engineering, 24, pp. 1309-1315Batistella, C.B., Maciel, M.R.W., (1996) Application of Molecular Distillation on the Fine Chemical Separations, , 12th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, Phaga, Czech RepublicBatistella, C.B., Maciel, M.R.W., (1997) Comparing Centrifugal Molecular Still Using Reflux and Cascade, , The First European Congress on Chemical Engineering, Florence, Ital
Anhydrous Bioethanol Production Using Bioglycerol - Simulation Of Extractive Distillation Processes
No full textBioethanol has been increasingly used as fuel in the anhydrous form, mixed with gasoline. In this work, two configurations of the extractive distillation process using bioglycerol as a solvent for anhydrous bioethanol production were investigated. Simulations results show that bioglycerol is a suitable agent for the separation of ethanol-water mixtures, with low energy consumption on the column reboilers and the production of high quality anhydrous bioethanol. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.26519524Lee, F., Pahl, R., Solvent screening study and conceptual extractive distillation process to produce anhydrous ethanol from fermentation broth (1985) Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 24, pp. 168-172Huang, H., A review of separation technologies in current and future biorefineries (2008) Separation and Purification Technology, 62, pp. 1-21Brito, R.P., Maciel, M.R.W., Meirelles, A.J.A., New extractive distillation configuration for separating binary azeotropic mixtures. In: The First European Congress of Chemical Engineering (1997) Italy, 1, pp. 1333-1336Young, J.A., CLIP: Glycerol (2003) Journal of Chemical Education, 80, p. 25Gil, I., Separation of ethanol and water by extractive distillation with salt and solvent as entrainer: process simulation (2008) Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 25, pp. 207-215Meirelles, A., Weiss, S., Herfurth, H., (1992) Ethanol dehydration by extractive distillation. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 53, pp. 181-188Black, C., (1980) Distillation modeling of ethanol recovery and dehydration processes for ethanol and gasohol. Chem. Eng. Prog., 76, pp. 78-8
Split Fraction Of Basic Lubricant Oils By Falling Film Molecular Distiller
No full textThe molecular distillation process is used in process that demands high purity and quality. Since it is a process that does not use solvent and that operates at low pressures, it allows to use low temperatures which prevent the material thermal degradation. In this work, the fractionation of two lubricant oils called here Alpha and Beta (fantasy names) were studied using the falling film molecular distiller. The objective of this work is to evaluate the behavior of the response variable (% distilled) in function of the process variables: evaporator temperature, condenser temperature, feeding flow rate, feeding temperature and agitation inside the distiller, for that, experiments were made in the following ranges of values: feed temperature from 80 to 100°C, temperature of the evaporator from 90 to 140°C, temperature of the condenser from 40 to 60°C, feeding flow rate from 300 to 600 mL/h and agitation from 250 to 450 rpm. Also, a Fractional Factorial Design 2 5-1 and a Complete Factorial Design 2 3 are being considered. Each stage of distillation was lead to the constant pressure (10 3 to mbar) and produced one cut of distilled and another one of residue. In this work a larger influence of the temperature of the evaporator on the distilled percentage is noted.BARROS, B.SPACINO, I.BRUNS, R. E. Como Fazer ExperimentosPesquisa e Desenvolvimento na Ciência e na Indústria. Editora UNICAMP, Campinas /SP/. 401 pág. 2003BATISTELLA, C.B., (1999) Tecnologia da Destilação Molecular: Da Modelagem Matemática àObtenção de Dados Experimentais Aplicada a Produtos da Química Fina, , Tese de Doutorado, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Processos de Separação, Faculdade de Engenharia Química, UNICAMPBATISTELLA, C. B. E WOLF MACIEL, M. R, Recovery of Carotenoids from Palm Oil by Molecular Distillation, Comput. Chem. Eng., v. 22, S53-S60, suppl. S, 1998BATISTELLA, C.B., MACIEL, M.R.W., MACIEL FILHO, R., Rigorous Modeling and Simulation of molecular distillations: Development of a simulator under conditions non ideality of the vapor phase (2000) Computers & Chemical Engineering, 24, pp. S1309-S1315ERCIYES, A.T., ISHIKAWA, H., INUZUKA, M., HIRAOKA, S., MORI, H. E YAMADA, I., Vaporization of Binary Liquid Mixtures from Surface at Reduced Pressure. I.CHEM.E. Symposium Series, 1, A359-A371, 1987HICKMAN, K.C.D., High-Vacuum Short-Path Distillation - A Review (1943) Chem. Rev, 34, pp. 51-106MACIEL, R., BATISTELLA, C.B., SBAITE, P., WINTER, A., VASCONCELOS, C.J.G., MACIEL, M.R.W., GOMES, A., KUNERT, R., Evaluation of atmospheric and vacuum residues using molecular distillation and optimization (2006) Petroleum Science And Technology, 24 (3-4), pp. 275-283. , MAR-APRMORAES, E.B., BATISTELLA, C.B., TORRES ALVAREZ, M.E., MACIEL FILHO, R., WOLF MACIEL, M.R., (2004) Evaluation of tocopherol recovery through simulation of molecular distillation process. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, pp. 113-116,689-711SBAITE, P.D., (2006) Extensão da Curva de Ponto de Ebuliçã o Verdadeiro para Petróleos Pesados Nacionais através do Processo de Destilação Molecular, , Tese de Doutorado, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Processos de Separação, Faculdade de Engenharia Química, UNICAMPSTATSOFT, Inc, 1984-2004. Estatistica release 7. P.O. Box 225, NL-8070 AE Nunspeet, the Netherland
Liquid-liquid Equilibrium Of The Water + Citric Acid + Short Chain Alcohol + Tricaprylin System At 298.15 K
No full textIn the past few years, new processes for citric acid recovery have been studied. Among these processes, liquid-liquid extraction has had special attention. The extraction process is attractive due to the fact that, if a good solvent is used, it presents high selectivity and efficiency, it does not affect the thermal stability of products, and it requires low energy consumption. In this work, experimental data for the liquid-liquid equilibria of water-citric acid-solvent systems were obtained. The following solvents were tested: 2-butanol, 1-butanol, and mixed solvents containing those alcohols and tricaprylin. The parameters for the NRTL and UNIQUAC models were obtained by fitting the thermodynamic models to the experimental data.463546550Lintomen, L., (1999) Evaluation of the Liquid-Liquid Extraction for Recovery and Purification of Citric Acid (In Portuguese), , M.Sc. Thesis, Chemical Engineering Faculty, State University of CampinasMitchell, R.J., Arrowsmith, A., Ashton, N., Mixed solvent systems for recovery of ethanol from dilute aqueous solution by liquid- liquid extraction (1987) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 30, pp. 348-351Kertes, A.S., King, C.J., Extraction chemistry of fermentation product carboxylic acids (1986) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 28, pp. 269-282Welsh, F.W., Willians, R.E., The use of vegetable oils to recover compounds from aqueous solutions (1989) J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 46, pp. 169-178Chumpitaz, L.D.A., Coutinho, L.F., Meirelles, A.J.A., Surface tension of fatty acids and triglycerides (1999) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 76, pp. 1-4Silva, L.H.M., Coimbra, J.S., Meirelles, A.J.A., Equilibrium phase behavior of poly(ethylene glycol) + potassium phosphate + water two-phase systems at various ph and temperatures (1997) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 42, pp. 398-401Tiwari, R.D., Sharma, J.P., (1970) The Determination of Carboxylic Functional Groups, , Pergamon Press: New YorkLintomen, L., Pinto, R.T.P., Batista, E., Meirelles, A.J.A., MacIel, M.R.W., Liquid-liquid equilibrium of the water + citric acid + 2-butanol + sodium chloride system at 298.15 K (2000) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 45, pp. 1211-1214Batista, E., Monnerat, S., Kato, K., Stragevitch, L., Meirelles, A.J.A., Liquid-liquid equilibrium for systems of canola oil, oleic acid and short-chain alcohols (1999) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 44, pp. 1360-1364Magnussem, T., Rasmussen, P., Fredenslund, A., Unifac parameter table for prediction of liquid-liquid equilibria (1981) Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 20, pp. 331-339MacEdo, E.A., Skovborg, P., Rasmussen, P., Calculation of phase equilibria for solutions of strong electrolytes in solvent-water mixtures (1990) Chem. Eng. Sci., 45, pp. 875-882Stragevitch, L., D'Avila, S.G., Application of a generalised maximum likelihood method in the reduction of multicomponent liquid-liquid equilibrium data (1997) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 14, pp. 41-52Grinberg, A., Povimonski, D., Apelblat, A., Liquid-liquid distribution in the ternary system: Citric acid - 2-butanol - water at 298.15 K (1991) Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 9, pp. 127-13
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