140,682 research outputs found
S. Kaizuka, Y. Ota, T. Koaze, K. Koike, M. Nogami, H. Machida et N. Yonekura, Géomorphologie illustrée (en japonais)
No full textPaskoff Roland. S. Kaizuka, Y. Ota, T. Koaze, K. Koike, M. Nogami, H. Machida et N. Yonekura, Géomorphologie illustrée (en japonais). In: Annales de Géographie, t. 96, n°536, 1987. p. 490
Chanohirata Hayashi & Machida 1996
No full textGenus Chanohirata Hayashi & Machida Chanohirata Hayashi & Machida, 1996: 69–70. Type species: Penthimia theae Matsumura, 1912. Redescription. Dorsum covered with black or brown reticulation. Vertex shorter than width between eyes, sloping to front and slightly extended beyond eye, numerous transverse striations on apex extend to the base of postclypeus. Crown and face with obvious boundary; ocelli placed on crown toward middle, more remote from each other than from eyes. Face black, wider than long, postclypeus flat, antennal ledge developed. Pronotum broader than median length, anterior margin convex, posterior margin sinuate, lateral margins carinate. Scutellum shorter than pronotum, basal width longer than medial length. Forewing subhyaline, with some supernumerary costal cross veins and many false veins consisting of dark pigment lines; appendix developed but narrow. Fore femur with anteroventral (AV1) seta moderately strong, intercalary (IC) row with about 10–13 setae; AM1 seta large, situated near apex. Fore tibia with dorsal and ventral surface flattened obliquely; AD and PD setae sparse; AV setae dense. Hind femoral macrosetae 2+2+1. Hind tibia flattened; AD setae very strong with several short setae between larger setae; PV setae dense. Male pygofer quadrate without process on apex in lateral view and with macrosetae near posterior margin. Connective ‘Y’ or ‘T’ shaped. Style with well developed preapical lobe, laterally curved apophysis; preapical lobe with several setae near inner margin. Remarks. Chanohirata resembles Reticuluma Cheng & Li but differs from the latter in lacking a lateroapical process on the male pygofer. The genus also has some resemblance to Uzelina Melichar, particularly in the male genitalia, but the latter has the head spatulate in profile and lacking reticulate markings on the vertex compared to the thicker anterior part of head and reticulately marked vertex in Chanohirata. Prior to this study, Chanohirata was known only from the type species described from Japan. Here we transfer five species previously placed in Reticuluma to Chanohirata (see new combinations in Checklist below) and describe three new species of the genus. We also recognize one new synonym (see below). Distribution. China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Taiwan, Tibet, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Japan (Fig. 5).Published as part of Wang, Dongming & Zhang, Yalin, 2022, Three new species in the genus Chanohirata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Penthimiini) from China, pp. 432-441 in Zootaxa 5129 (3) on pages 433-434, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5129.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/650128
Measurements Of Plasma Edge Electron Temperature And Density Using Visible Spectroscopy In Nova-unicamp Tokamak
No full textThe electron temperature (Te) and density (ne) at the edge of NOVA-UNICAMP tokamak plasma were determined along the discharge using the concept of particle confinement time (τP) uniqueness and spectroscopic measurements of hydrogen Balmer series emissions. We have used three absolutely intensity calibrated spectrometers with photomultipliers for simultaneous measurements of hydrogen alpha, beta and gamma emissions throughout the discharges. With the use of data from Johnson and Hinnov's table, we have performed an interactive method to find electron temperatures and densities that satisfy the τP uniqueness to obtain the temporal evolution of Te and ne parameters. The results achieved are in agreement with the expected values for these parameters at the edge of the NOVA-UNICAMP tokamak plasma.3701 Instituto de Fisica del Plasma (INFIP),Cons. Nac. Invest. Cient. Tec. (CONICET),Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica (CNEA),Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT),Centro Latino-Americano de Fisica (CLAF)Daltrini, A.M., Machida, M., (2002) Brazilian J. of Physics, 32, pp. 26-29Johnson, L.C., Hinnov, E., (1973) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 13, pp. 333-358Daltrini, A.M., Machida, M., (2005) Review of Scientific Instruments, 76, p. 053508Machida, M., (1995) Brazilian Journal of Physics, 25, pp. 7-13Griem, H.R., (1964) Plasma Spectroscopy, , USA: McGraw-Hill Book CompanyMonteiro, M.J.R., Machida, M., Daltrini, A.M., (2002) Brazilian J. of Physics, 32, pp. 54-56Wiese, W.L., Smith, M.W., Glennon, B.M., Hydrogen Through Neon - NSRDS-NBS 4 (1966) Atomic Transition Probabilities,
Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Ficiformylenes Isolated from the Italian Marine Sponges of Petrosia ficiformis
No full textOxidized LDL receptor LOX-1 binds to C-reactive protein and mediates its vascular effects.
No full textBACKGROUND: C-reactive protein (CRP) exerts biological activity on vascular endothelial cells. This activity may promote atherothrombosis, but the effects of this activity are still controversial. Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), the oxidized LDL receptor on endothelial cells, is involved in endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidized LDL.
METHODS: We used laser confocal microscopy to examine and fluorescence cell image analysis to quantify the binding of fluorescently labeled CRP to cells expressing LOX-1. We then examined the binding of unlabeled CRP to recombinant human LOX-1 in a cell-free system. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against LOX-1 were applied to cultured bovine endothelial cells to analyze the role of LOX-1 in native cells. To observe its in vivo effects, we injected CRP intradermally in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHR-SP) rats and analyzed vascular permeability.
RESULTS: CRP bound to LOX-1-expressing cells in parallel with the induction of LOX-1 expression. CRP dose-dependently bound to the cell line and recombinant LOX-1, with significant binding detected at 0.3 mg/L CRP concentration. The K(d) value of the binding was calculated to be 1.6 x 10(-7) mol/L. siRNA against LOX-1 significantly inhibited the binding of fluorescently labeled CRP to the endothelial cells, whereas control RNA did not. In vivo, intradermal injection of CRP-induced vascular exudation of Evans blue dye in SHR-SP rats, in which expression of LOX-1 is greatly enhanced. Anti-LOX-1 antibody significantly suppressed vascular permeability.
CONCLUSIONS: CRP and oxidized LDL-receptor LOX-1 directly interact with each other. Two risk factors for ischemic heart diseases, CRP and oxidized LDL, share a common molecule, LOX-1, as their receptor
The fine structure of the female reproductive system of Zorotypus caudelli Karny (Zoraptera)
No full textThe general structure of the female genital system of Zorotypus caudelli is described. The ovarioles are of the panoistic type. Due to the reduction of the envelope (tunica externa) the ovarioles are in direct contact with the hemolymph like in some other insect groups, Plecoptera included. The calices are much larger in Z. caudelli then in Zorotypus hubbardi and their epithelial cells produce large amounts of secretions, probably protecting the surface of the eggs deposited on the substrate. Eggs taken from the calyx bear a series of long fringes, which are missing in the eggs found in the ovariole, and in other zorapteran species. The long sperm of Z. caudelli and the long spermathecal duct are likely related to a sexual isolating mechanism (cryptic female choice), impeding female re-mating. The apical receptacle and the spermathecal duct - both of ectodermal origin - consist of three cell types. In addition to the cells beneath the cuticle lining the lumen, two other cell types are visible: secretory and canal cells. The cytoplasm of the former is rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum cisterns and Golgi complexes, which produce numerous discrete dense secretory bodies. These products are released into the receiving canal crossing the extracellular cavity of secretory cells, extending over a series of long microvilli. The secretion is transported towards the lumen of the apical receptacle of the spermatheca or to that of the spermathecal duct by a connecting canal formed by the canal cells. It is enriched by material produced by the slender canal cells. Before mating, the sperm cells are enveloped by a thick glycocalyx produced at the level of the male accessory glands, but it is absent when they have reached the apical receptacle, and also in the spermathecal duct lumen. It is likely removed by secretions of the spermatheca. The eggs are fertilized at the level of the common oviduct where the spermathecal duct opens. Two micropyles at the dorsal side of the equator level possibly facilitate fertilization. The presence of these two micropyles is a presumably derived feature shared with Phasmatodea. The fine structure of the female reproductive system of Z. caudelli does not allow to assess the phylogenetic position at the present stage of knowledge. The enlarged calyx and the temporary presence of long fringes on the eggs are potential autapomorphies of Z. caudelli or may indicate relationships with other Zorotypus species. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd
Divergent mating patterns and a unique mode of external sperm transfer in Zoraptera: An enigmatic group of pterygote insects
No full textA remarkable external sperm transfer is described for the first time in a species of a group of winged insects (Pterygota), the enigmatic Zoraptera. Mating and sperm transfer of two species of the order were examined in detail, documented, and compared with each other and with patterns described for other species belonging to the order. The behavior differs strikingly in Zorotypus impolitus and Zorotypus magnicaudelli. A copula is performed by males and females of the latter, as it is also the case in other zorapteran species and generally in pterygote insects. In striking contrast to this, males of Z. impolitus do not copulate but deposit small (100 μm in diameter) spermatophores externally on the abdomen of the female. Each spermatophore contains only one giant spermatozoon (3 mm long and 3 μm wide), a unique feature in the entire Hexapoda. External sperm transfer in Pterygota is a highly unusual case of evolutionary reversal. The very small relict group Zoraptera displays a uniform general morphology but exhibits very different reproductive structures and patterns of mating behavior. This may be an extreme form of a more general situation in insects, with a specific form of selection resulting in an accelerated rate of evolution in the reproductive system. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
The male reproductive system of Zorotypus caudelli Karny (Zoraptera): Sperm structure and spermiogenesis
No full textConsidering the overall uniformity of the morphology of Zoraptera, the structural diversity of the male genital system is remarkable. Structures related to the male reproductive system of Zorotypus caudelli differ profoundly from those of Zorotypus hubbardi. The testes are elongated rather than spherical, the seminal vesicle is apparently absent, and the deferent ducts are very long. A feature shared by these two species and other zorapterans examined is that the two accessory glands are closely adherent to each other and form a single large structure, from which the ejaculatory duct originates. This is a potential zorapteran autapomorphy. Another feature possibly present in the groundplan of the order is the strong elongation of the sperm cells. This may be connected with a reproductive strategy of males trying to avoid re-mating of females with other males after the first copulation. The extremely long and coiled spermathecal duct of Z. caudelli and other zorapteran species is possibly correlated with the sperm elongation, and both features combined may result in a sexual isolating mechanism. The short duration of mating of Zorotypus barberi and Zorotypus gurneyi suggests that the male introduces sperm into the female tract up to the opening of the spermathecal duct using their long coiled aedeagus. A thick glycocalyx around the sperm in the distal part of the deferent ducts probably protects the sperm cells during their forward progression towards the long spermathecal duct, and is removed when they reach the apical receptacle. The spermatogenesis of Z. caudelli follows a pattern commonly found in insects, but differs distinctly from that of Z. hubbardi in the number of spermatids in each sperm cyst. An unusual and possibly autapomorphic feature of Z. caudelli is a disconnection of sub-tubules A and B at the level of microtubule doublets 1 and 6 of the mature sperm cells. It is conceivable that this results in a shorter period of sperm motility. The character combination found in different zorapteran species supports the view that the sperm, a very compact functional unit, does not evolve as a unit, but like in other more complex body regions, sperm components can also be modified independently from each other. This results in different mosaic patterns of plesiomorphic and derived features in a very compact entity in different species of the very small and otherwise uniform order Zoraptera. In Z. caudelli, for instance, the bi-layered acrosome and small accessory bodies are plesiomorphic states among several others, whereas the mitochondrial derivatives and the elongate nucleus are apparently derived conditions. Other combinations likely occur in other zorapteran species. Only few but noteworthy sperm characters indicate possible phylogenetic affinities of Zoraptera. A possible synapomorphic feature, the presence of dense laminae radiating in a cartwheel array between neighbouring centriolar triplets, is shared with Phasmatodea and Embioptera. Another potential synapomorphy shared with Phasmatodea is the presence of 17 protofilaments in the tubular wall of the outer accessory microtubules. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd
The morphology and ultrastructure of salivary glands of Zoraptera (Insecta)
No full textThe salivary glands of two species of Zoraptera, Zorotypus caudelli and Zorotypus hubbardi, were examined and documented mainly using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results obtained for males and females of the two species are compared and functional aspects related to ultrastructural features are discussed. The salivary glands are divided into two regions: the secretory cell region and the long efferent duct, the latter with its distal end opening in the salivarium below the hypopharyngeal base. The secretory region consists of a complex of secretory cells provided with microvillated cavities connected by short ectodermal ducts to large ones, which are connected with the long efferent duct. The secretory cell cytoplasm contains a large system of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus producing numerous dense secretions. The cells of the efferent duct, characterized by reduced cytoplasm and the presence of long membrane infoldings associated with mitochondria, are possibly involved in fluid uptaking from the duct lumen
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