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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
xtratos de algas: avaliação dos efeitos citotóxicos e potencial terapêutico no cancro colorretal e ação anti-inflamatória - estudo imagiológico in vitro e in vivo
No full textTrabalho de Projeto do Mestrado em Engenharia Biomédica apresentado à Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaO cancro colorretal é o segundo tipo de cancro com maior incidência e a terceira principal causa de morte, mundialmente. As opções terapêuticas disponíveis para este tipo de cancro incluem a quimioterapia, cirurgia, radioterapia e imunoterapia. No entanto, apesar de serem maioritariamente eficazes apresentam muitos efeitos colaterais indesejáveis. Neste contexto, é fundamental a procura por alternativas que permitam reduzir esses efeitos e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos doentes. A inflamação é uma resposta do sistema imunitário a estímulos prejudiciais. Contudo, caso evolua para uma condição crónica torna-se prejudicial para a saúde, visto que pode levar ao aparecimento de doenças. Além disso, os agentes anti-inflamatórios podem induzir efeitos secundários. Desta forma, a descoberta de novas terapêuticas mais seguras e eficazes com recurso a produtos naturais tem-se demonstrado essencial. As algas marinhas são possuem diversos componentes que são essenciais para a nutrição humana (proteínas, minerais, ácidos gordos, fibras e vitaminas). São ricas em diversos compostos com potencial bioativo, apresentando propriedades anticancerígenas e anti-inflamatórias. Neste projeto pretende-se estudar os efeitos citotóxicos de extratos de algas selecionados e o seu potencial efeito adjuvante associado a agentes quimioterapêuticos utilizados na clínica (Oxaliplatina e Irinotecano). Para tal utilizou-se a linha celular humana do cancro do cólon WiDr. Além disso, pretende-se estudar a ação anti-inflamatória dos extratos de algas através da realização de estudos in vitro utilizando a linha celular de fibroblastos de murganhos NIH/3T3. Foram selecionados extratos de algas comerciais (carragenanas kappa e iota e alginato de sódio) e extraídos de algas que foram colhidas na Figueira da Foz (carragenanas extraídas da Calliblepharis jubata colhida na Primavera e no Outono, carragenana lambda extraída da Chondrus crispus e alginato extraído da Fucus vesiculosus). A viabilidade e citotoxicidade das células foram avaliadas através do teste de viabilidade celular MTT, que permite a avaliação da atividade metabólica das células. Para a linha celular WiDr, comprovou-se que as carragenenas lambda e colhida no Outono demonstraram os melhores resultados in vitro, isto é, apresentaram um elevado poder citotóxico. A associação dos extratos de algas, principalmente as carragenanas, à combinação dos agentes quimioterapêuticos Oxaliplatina e Irinotecano, revelaram uma potencial ação adjuvante, o que indica que será possível reduzir a dose dos fármacos.Dos estudos com a linha celular NIH/3T3 verificou-se que alguns extratos de algas em determinadas concentrações demonstraram ser promissores para remodelar cicatrizes muito exuberantes, enquanto noutras são relevantes para remodelar cicatrizes queloides. Nos ensaios scratch verificou-se que, nas concentrações estudadas, o alginato (MARE) é promissor para o tratamento de cicatrizes mais evidentes, enquanto a carragenana iota (comercial) exerce uma ação inibitória da cicatrização, podendo ser benéfica para o tratamento de cicatrizes quelóides.Para além dos estudos in vitro foram realizados estudos in vivo em murganhos imunodeprimindos BALB/c (-) e em murganhos BALB/c (+). Os primeiros foram utilizados com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia dos extratos de algas de forma isolada e associados a agentes quimioterapêuticos na progressão de tumores induzidos na coxa dos murganhos, utilizando a linha celular WiDr, por via subcutânea. Os agentes associação das carragenas lambda Relativamente aos murganhos BALB/c (+), estes possibilitaram o estudo do impacto biotóxico dos extratos de algas. A associação das carragenas lambda, iota e colhida no OutonoColorectal cancer is the second most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of death in the world. Therapeutic options available for this type of cancer include chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. However, despite being mostly effective, they have many undesirable side effects. In this context, it is essential to search for alternatives that allow us to reduce these effects and improve patients' quality of life. Inflammation is an immune system response to harmful stimuli. However, if it develops into a chronic condition, it becomes harmful to health, as it can lead to the onset of diseases. Additionally, anti-inflammatory agents can induce side effects. Therefore, the discovery of new, safer and more effective therapies using natural products has proven to be essential. Seaweed contains several components that are essential for human nutrition (proteins, minerals, fatty acids, fibers and vitamins). They are rich in several compounds with bioactive potential, presenting anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. This project aims to study the cytotoxic effects of selected algae extracts and their potential adjuvant effect associated with chemotherapeutic agents used in the clinic (Oxaliplatin and Irinotecan). For this purpose, the human colon cancer cell line WiDr was used. Furthermore, we intend to study the anti-inflammatory action of seaweed extracts by carrying out in vitro studies using the NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblast line. Commercial seaweed extracts (kappa and iota carrageenans and sodium alginate) and extracts from seaweeds that were harvested in Figueira da Foz (carrageenans extracted from Calliblepharis jubata harvested in spring and autumn, lambda carrageenan extracted from Chondrus crispus and alginate extracted from Fucus vesiculosus) were selected. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were assessed using the MTT cell viability test, which allows the assessment of cell metabolic activity. For the WiDr cell line, it was proven that lambda and autumn-harvested carrageenans demonstrated the best in vitro results, that is, they presented high cytotoxic power. The association of seaweed extracts, mainly carrageenans, with the combination of chemotherapeutic agents Oxaliplatin and Irinotecan, revealed potential adjuvant action, which indicates that it will be possible to reduce the dose of the drugs. From studies with the NIH/3T3 cell line, it was found that some algae extracts, in certain concentrations showed promise for remodeling very exuberant scars, while in others they are relevant for remodeling keloid scars. In the scratch tests, it was found that, in the concentrations studied, alginate (MARE) is promising for the treatment of more evident scars, while iota carrageenan (commercial) exerts an inhibitory action on healing and may be beneficial for the treatment of keloid scars. In addition to in vitro studies, in vivo studies were performed in immunocompromised BALB/c (-) mice and in BALB/c (+) mice. The first were used with the aim of evaluating the efficacy of seaweed extracts in isolation and in association with chemotherapeutic agents in the progression of tumors induced in the thigh of mice, using the WiDr cell line, subcutaneously. The association agents of lambda carrageenans Regarding BALB/c (+) mice, these allowed the study of the biotoxic impact of algae extracts. The association of lambda, iota and autumn-harvested carrageenansFC
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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