130,436 research outputs found
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging findings after posterior sagittal anorectoplasty for anorectal malformations and the clinical outcome: Preliminary report
No full textBackground/Purpose To assess the anatomical results after posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to evaluate the correlation of these findings with clinical outcomes. Methods Patients followed-up at our center after PSARP, being at least 6 year old, with neither evidence of sacral abnormalities nor spinal dysraphisms were prospectively included. Complex ARMs were excluded. MRI was performed on a 1.5 T unit. T1- and T2-weighted sequences were acquired, in orthogonal planes, according to the anal canal orientation. The degree of anorectal centering in the muscle complex (DARC), the pelvic floor symmetry, the rectal maximum diameter, the fat tissue interposition, and the presence of fibrosis were evaluated. A clinical questionnaire (Rintala score) was filled in by the parents. MRI findings were compared to the clinical outcomes assessed by the Rintala score. For statistical analysis the Spearman rho correlation coefficient was calculated and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed. Results We recruited 11 patients (mean age 12 years, range 6–19) with MRI. DARC (range 252–360°) was strongly correlated with the degree of fecal incontinence (rho = 0.70), mildly with the ability to hold back defecation (rho = 0.58), constipation (rho = 0.46) and total Rintala score (rho = 0.41). Pelvic floor symmetry correlated with the frequency of defecation (rho = 0.58). Rectal maximum diameter negatively correlated with the ability to feel the urge to defecate (rho = − 0.60). Patients with fibrosis were slightly more constipated (p = 0.056) and presented more social impairment (p = 0.04). Fat tissue interposition had no correlation with the clinical outcome. Conclusions Thanks to soft tissue definition, multiplanar imaging, and lack of ionizing radiation, MRI is a valuable tool in the postoperative anatomical evaluation of patients with ARM. Our preliminary results show that abnormal anatomical findings can correlate to a nonoptimal functional outcome, thus helping in understanding the clinical course. The degree of anorectal centering in the muscle complex (DARC) seems to have the better correlation with the outcome, especially in terms of fecal continence
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
VALUTAZIONE DENSITA’ MINERALE OSSEA E COMPOSIZIONE CORPOREA TRAMITE DEXA IN PAZIENTI ADOLESCENTI CHE HANNO EFFETTUATO TERAPIA CON VPA E CBZ IN ETA’ EVOLUTIVA
No full textScholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
Anastomotic strictures and endoscopic dilatations following esophageal atresia repair
No full textPurpose: To identify risk factors that can predict prevalence of anastomotic strictures (AS) following esophageal atresia (EA) repair. Methods: Of 46 consecutive patients with EA managed at our institution between 2004 and 2012, 35 underwent esophageal anastomosis and were included in this retrospective longitudinal study. Routine endoscopy was performed 1 month after surgical repair. According to stricture index (SI), endoscopically calculated as SI = (D - d)/D, where D is the diameter of the esophageal pouch and d the stricture diameter, population was divided into Group 1, SI ≤ 0.1 (no evidence of stricture); Group 2, 0.3 > SI > 0.1 (mild stricture); Group 3, SI ≥ 0.3 (high-grade stricture). Trends of subsequent endoscopic esophageal dilatations were compared between the groups using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney or Pearson's tests. Cox regression analysis was performed to estimate the hazard ratio. Results: Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (P = 0.04), tension on the anastomosis (P = 0.02) and long-gap form (P = 0.008) have an increased risk of developing AS. SI at 1 month after surgery correlates with the average number of future dilatations: Group 2 and 3 compared to Group 1 required more dilatations (hazard ratio 2.291 and 12.765). Conclusion: AS remain frequent complications of esophageal surgery, especially in specific subgroups of patients. SI at 1 month after surgery could already predict the severity of the stricture and the need for subsequent endoscopic esophageal dilatations. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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