1,720,996 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Cautionary tale: a systematic review of understanding the police caution for adults in the criminal justice system, and an examination of increasing listenability of the caution
Get PDFRationale: Research has repeatedly demonstrated that people have difficulty
understanding their interrogation rights, as presented in an orally presented police
caution. There has been a limited amount of research into possible means of
improving understanding, with the application of linguistic, listenability, techniques to
caution wording proving most effective amongst students.
Methods: This thesis systematically reviewed research exploring verbal caution
comprehension amongst adults involved in the criminal justice system, to isolate
possible predictors of performance. It then assessed understanding of the Scottish
police caution amongst people with an intellectual disability and if this can be
improved using a modified (listenability) version.
Results: IQ and verbal comprehension appear to have a positive association with
understanding. However, the reviewed literature tends to use broad inclusion criteria
that may increase confounding variables and reduce opportunity to isolate further
possible predictors. People with intellectual disabilities performed poorly in
assessment of their understanding of the Scottish police caution, even when the
modified version was used. This was despite every participant claiming they had
understood.
Conclusions: The thesis questions whether the use of a verbal police caution fulfils
the intention of communicating interrogation rights as required by law. It suggests
more research into caution comprehension is required, with more specific inclusion
criteria, to help better understand variables that predict understanding. The
relationship between verbal ability and IQ suggest efforts to improve comprehension
should be directed to people who have challenges in these abilities, such as people
with intellectual disabilities. This should ensure any improvements can benefit a
greater number of people. The thesis’ empirical study suggests the method found
effective amongst students does not extend to people with intellectual disabilities
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Attitudes towards sex offenders: a review of therapists’ attitudes and their impact on therapeutic alliance, and a qualitative study of support workers’ attitudes towards sex offenders with intellectual disabilities
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND AIMS: Little is known about how therapists’ attitudes impact on
therapeutic alliance in their clinical work with sex offenders, and what attitudes support
workers, who work with sex offenders with intellectual disabilities, hold towards their
clients. Research suggests that therapeutic alliance can strongly influence the
effectiveness of therapy, and that positive attitudes towards sex offenders are important
for their rehabilitation. Understanding how therapists’ attitudes influence the therapeutic
alliance may help in developing more effective psychological therapies, and research on
support workers’ attitudes may provide better understanding of their experience of
working with sex offenders with intellectual disabilities.
The objective of the review was to explore what attitudes therapists working with adult
male sex offenders hold towards their patients, and how their attitudes impact on
therapeutic alliance. The aim of the empirical study was to explore the experiences and
attitudes of support workers who work with sex offenders with intellectual disabilities.
Method: a systematic review was conducted to explore the objective of the review. An
electronic and hand literature search was conducted using PsycINFO, Medline, EMBASE
and CINAHL databases in accordance with outlined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ten
studies met the inclusion criteria for this review: 6 qualitative and 4 quantitative papers.
The empirical project was conducted using qualitative methodology. The sample of
participants consisted of four female and seven male participants. Data was collected
through semi-structured interviews and analysed in accordance with Braun and Clarke’s
(2006) six stages of thematic analysis.
Results: the results of the review were common themes identified across the literature:
therapists’ attitudes becoming more positive through the experience of working with sex
offenders, and difficulties with establishing therapeutic alliance with sex offenders. The
results of the empirical study were: workers were found to be motivated to enter the
profession by their values and beliefs, such as that everyone deserves help. Participants
reported having positive attitudes towards sex offenders, perceiving them as human
beings, as well as some negative attitudes like mistrust. Some negative impact of the
occupation was described by respondents, although they used coping strategies to manage
some of these.
Conclusion: There were concerns over the methodological qualities of some of the
reviewed papers. The objective of the review wasn’t fully addressed by the assessed
studies. Furthermore, targeted research is needed to examine the impact of therapists’
attitudes on their clinical practice with this population. Attitudes towards sex offenders
with intellectual disabilities were found to be quite diverse. Some gender-related
differences were outlined in relation to the perception of safety and courtesy stigma.The objective of the review was to explore what attitudes therapists working with adult
male sex offenders hold towards their patients, and how their attitudes impact on
therapeutic alliance. The aim of the empirical study was to explore the experiences and
attitudes of support workers who work with sex offenders with intellectual disabilities.METHOD: a systematic review was conducted to explore the objective of the review. An
electronic and hand literature search was conducted using PsycINFO, Medline, EMBASE
and CINAHL databases in accordance with outlined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ten
studies met the inclusion criteria for this review: 6 qualitative and 4 quantitative papers.
The empirical project was conducted using qualitative methodology. The sample of
participants consisted of four female and seven male participants. Data was collected
through semi-structured interviews and analysed in accordance with Braun and Clarke’s
(2006) six stages of thematic analysis.RESULTS: the results of the review were common themes identified across the literature:
therapists’ attitudes becoming more positive through the experience of working with sex
offenders, and difficulties with establishing therapeutic alliance with sex offenders. The
results of the empirical study were: workers were found to be motivated to enter the
profession by their values and beliefs, such as that everyone deserves help. Participants
reported having positive attitudes towards sex offenders, perceiving them as human
beings, as well as some negative attitudes like mistrust. Some negative impact of the
occupation was described by respondents, although they used coping strategies to manage
some of these.CONCLUSION: There were concerns over the methodological qualities of some of the
reviewed papers. The objective of the review wasn’t fully addressed by the assessed
studies. Furthermore, targeted research is needed to examine the impact of therapists’
attitudes on their clinical practice with this population. Attitudes towards sex offenders
with intellectual disabilities were found to be quite diverse. Some gender-related
differences were outlined in relation to the perception of safety and courtesy stigma
Insight in psychosis: a systematic review - the constructs of insight in psychosis and their measurement & An exploration of current practices in the assessment and intervention of insight in psychosis within Scotland’s Forensic Mental Health Services: clinical psychologists’ perspective
Get PDFPoor insight has clinical significance as a predictor of non-adherence to treatment, increased
number of relapses, hospitalisations, recovery and risk of violence. Empirical research has led
to advances in the redefinition, knowledge and understanding of insight in psychosis.
However, the use of a wide range of definitions and measures has created difficulties in
interpreting research findings, without clarifying the concepts being measured and evaluating
the quality of their associated assessment tool. Therefore, the aim of the first piece of work, a
Systematic Review (SR), was to identify and describe the constructs of insight in psychosis
and their assessment tools and briefly evaluate their psychometric properties. Insight in
psychosis is particularly relevant to Forensic Mental Health Services, given its link with
offending behaviour and risk to others. However, outside of those provided by risk appraisal
tools, there are no current guidelines that specifically target the assessment, or intervention,
of insight. Therefore, the second piece of work, a research project (RP), aimed to explore
current practices, as described by experienced clinicians.
The SR identified twelve assessment tools and fourteen papers for detailed analysis. Twelve
theoretical constructs were identified, the most prominent being awareness of mental illness
and awareness of the need for treatment. Other prominent theoretical constructs included
awareness of negative consequences of illness and awareness of generic or specific
symptoms. However, few of the subscales associated with each theoretical construct were
supported by empirical evidence. Further work to clarify aspects of insight that are important
areas for intervention, along with the provision of data to support these, should continue to be
a focus for on-going research.
The RP was a qualitative design using Thematic Analysis. Data was collected by semi-structured
interviews from 11 qualified Clinical Psychologists working in Forensic Mental
Health Services across Scotland. The RP identified three overarching themes. The first “risk
related” illustrated the influence of risk to other when assessing and treating patients. The
second “holistic approach” illustrated that insight or mental illness was rarely looked at in
isolation. The third theme “no specific or satisfactory unified approach” illustrated the
diversity of the conceptualising, assessment and treatment of insight. Opportunities exist to
develop a more uniformed approach and to introduce or develop outcome measures for
interventions
Validation of a new assessment of self-disgust in non-clinical and clinical samples in Saudi Arabia
Get PDFResearch indicates self-disgust plays a significant role in the development and maintenance of depression, yet it is still a concept that is inadequately developed and often viewed as being only a single-faceted emotion. Although number of measures for assessing disgust have been developed, many of these give limited insight into notions of the self, focusing instead on external rather than internal matters. Hence, it is suggested that current tools to assess self-disgust are not sufficiently comprehensive. Thus, this thesis aims to develop a new scale of self-disgust that includes multiple aspects of the self.
In this thesis, a new psychometric instrument, the Edinburgh Self-Disgust Scale (ESDS), is proposed to investigate self-disgust in both a clinical and non-clinical population in Saudi Arabia. Methods of translation and back translation are used, along with six instruments translated from English into Arabic. The first study aims to examine the psychometric properties (descriptive analysis, item-to-scale correlation, split-half reliability, internal consistency and confirmatory factor analysis) of the new questionnaire within a non-clinical sample. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supports the division of the ESDS into five subscales (body shape, concept of the self, unacceptable behaviour, treatment of others and past-experience). External validity is confirmed through associations of subscales with existing measurements of factors relating to self-disgust: The Body Image Scale (BIS); the Multidimensional Self-Concept Scale, the Other as Shamer Scale (OAS), the Experience of Shame Scale (ESS), the UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviour Scale, the Self-Disgust Scale (SDS) and the Beck Depression Inventory – 2nd Edition (BDI-II). The results indicate that ESDS is significantly correlated with these measurements.
The second study aims to replicate these findings using the clinical sample, to ensure that the ESDS behaves in a similar manner within a clinical population. Convergent validity with the BDI-II is also established. The ESDS is found to be significantly correlated with depression on the BDI and the existing factor structure is supported. It is concluded that
the ESDS provides an appropriate and comprehensive assessment of self-disgust for an Arabic speaking population and shows convergent validity with the BDI-II in a clinical sample. Recommendations for future research and clinical utility are given
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