74 research outputs found
'Surrealistic and disturbing': Timothy O’Sullivan as Seen by Ansel Adams in the 1930s
No full textabstract: In 1937, Ansel Adams described the photographs taken some sixty years earlier by Timothy O’Sullivan in the American West as “surrealistic and disturbing.” He was writing to Beaumont Newhall, who was then curating a landmark exhibition celebrating the centenary of photography’s invention.
This paper examines the 1930s as a formative moment in the Modernist history of photography. At this time, Adams and Newhall—influenced also by Alfred Steiglitz and Edward Weston—developed a history for their young medium that emphasized certain practices and approaches. The Western Survey photographs of the 1870s became cornerstones in this history, for they seemed to exemplify a photographic sensibility unencumbered by artistic aspiration.
A tension develops here between the attempt to define and restrict the medium, and the need to explain the strange qualities of these early photographs, leading to the invocation of surrealism. By examining surrealism’s deployment in this context, the paper provides a different angle from which to view the West as subject and surrealism as style in the history of photography
Context-Based Quotation Recommendation
No full textWhile composing a new document, anything from a news article to an email or essay, authors often utilize direct quotes from a variety of sources. Although an author may know what point they would like to make, selecting an appropriate quote for the specific context may be time-consuming and difficult. We therefore propose a novel context-aware quote recommendation system which utilizes the content an author has already written to generate a ranked list of quotable paragraphs and spans of tokens from a given source document.
We approach quote recommendation as a variant of open-domain question answering and adapt the state-of-the-art BERT-based methods from open-QA to our task. We conduct experiments on a collection of speech transcripts and associated news articles, evaluating models' paragraph ranking and span prediction performances. Our experiments confirm the strong performance of BERT-based methods on this task, which outperform bag-of-words and neural ranking baselines by more than 30% relative across all ranking metrics. Qualitative analyses show the difficulty of the paragraph and span recommendation tasks and confirm the quotability of the best BERT model's predictions, even if they are not the true selected quotes from the original news articles
Strategic arms limitation talks II: linkages and geopolitics
No full textStrategic Arms Limitation Talks II between the United States and the Soviet Union were not ratified by the U.S. in the early 1980s. While there are numerous reasons for this, the Soviets' illicit relations and activities in international politics may be viewed as a major cause. The need for strategic nuclear pact had been previously argued for, President Carter then took the initiative to embark on the SALT II negotiations. Both the Soviets and the United States felt threatened by each others nuclear capabilities and the implications for world peace, but SALT became a dead end. The U.S. senators were influenced negatively in voting for SALT. Most felt that like SALT I the treaty was essentially favoring the Soviets. They were convinced that SALT II was unverifiable and that it endangered certain vital interests of the United States. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan did not help the situation at all. From a geo-political point of view it was necessary to relate events in different parts of the world to the success or failure of the SALT talks. The Middle East, Afghanistan, Central America and the Caribbean became the areas in the contention. Closely related here was the notion of linkage which assumes the role of national interests as a priority factor. Strategic arms control as a major dimension of Soviet-U.S. relations has relevance beyond the disagreement over SALT II. What SALT did was open doors for further dialog and information access on the subject. This thesis contributes a part to this knowledge which relates to U.S.- Soviet disagreement over SALT II
Predicting News Coverage of Scientific Articles
No full textJournalists act as gatekeepers to the scientific world, controlling what information reaches the public eye and how it is presented. Analyzing the kinds of research that typically receive more media attention is vital to understanding issues such as the “science of science communication” (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2017), patterns of misinformation, and the “cycle of hype.” We track the coverage of 91,997 scientific articles published in 2016 across various disciplines, publishers, and news outlets using metadata and text data from a leading tracker of scientific coverage in social and traditional media, Altmetric. We approach the problem as one of ranking each day’s, or week’s, papers by their likely level of media attention, using the learning-to-rank model lambdaMART (Burges 2010). We find that ngram features from the title, abstract and press release significantly improve performance over the metadata features journal, publisher, and subjects
The soft-focus lens and Anglo-American pictorialism
No full textElectronic version excludes illustrations for which permission has not been granted by the rights holderThe history, practice and aesthetic of the soft focus lens in photography is elucidated and developed from its earliest statements of need to the current time with a particular emphasis on its role in the development of the Pictorialist movement. Using William Crawford's concept of photographic 'syntax', the use of the soft focus lens is explored as an example of how technology shapes style.
A detailed study of the soft focus lenses from the earliest forms to the present is presented, enumerating the core properties of pinhole, early experimental and commercial soft focus lenses. This was researched via published texts in period journals, advertising, private correspondence, interviews, and the lenses themselves. The author conducted a wide range of in-studio experiments with both period and contemporary soft focus lenses to evaluate their character and distinct features, as well as to validate source material.
Nodal points of this history and development are explored in the critical debate between the diffuse and sharp photographic image, beginning with the competition between the calotype and daguerreotype. The role of George Davison's The Old Farmstead is presented as well as the invention of the first modern soft focus lens, the Dallmeyer-Bergheim, and its function in the development of the popular Pictorialist lens, the Pinkham & Smith Semi-Achromatic. The trajectory of the soft focus lens is plotted against the Pictorialist movement, noting the correlation betwixt them, and the modern renaissance of soft focus lenses and the diffuse aesthetic.
This thesis presents a unique history of photography modeled around the determining character of technology and the interdependency of syntax, style and art
Immanuel - author s concept of landcape photography
No full textOvaj završni rad obuhvaća čovjekovo shvaćanje okoliša oko sebe, kao i ulogu koju ima te
identitet koji mu je dan. Sve to je prezentirano na autorov vlastiti način koji je potaknut umjetnošću
i medijem fotografije. Inspiriran kroz stil piktorijalizma i „straight“ fotografije te kroz vlastiti
odnos s Bogom autor je iznio svoje shvaćanje, doživljaje i osjećaje krajobraza oko sebe kao i
društva. Velika paralela u svemu je bio i Ansel Adams koji je autoru bio ne samo umjetnička
inspiracija već i filozofska
Immanuel - author s concept of landcape photography
No full textOvaj završni rad obuhvaća čovjekovo shvaćanje okoliša oko sebe, kao i ulogu koju ima te
identitet koji mu je dan. Sve to je prezentirano na autorov vlastiti način koji je potaknut umjetnošću
i medijem fotografije. Inspiriran kroz stil piktorijalizma i „straight“ fotografije te kroz vlastiti
odnos s Bogom autor je iznio svoje shvaćanje, doživljaje i osjećaje krajobraza oko sebe kao i
društva. Velika paralela u svemu je bio i Ansel Adams koji je autoru bio ne samo umjetnička
inspiracija već i filozofska
An experimental inquiry into the proximate cause of death from suspended respiration in drowning and hanging, with the means of resuscitation. : Submitted as an inaugural essay to the public examination of the trustees and professors of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in the University of the State of New-York, Samuel Bard, M.D. president, for the degree of Doctor of Medicine, on the 3d of May, 1814. /
No full textHSL Copy has partially clipped author's inscription on title page.Dedicated to Valentine Mott, M.D. and doctors Bartow White, Elisha North and Erastus L. Hart.Thesis (Doctor of Medicine) -- College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1814.Includes bibliographical references.Austin, R.B. Early Amer. medical imprints,Shaw & ShoemakerMode of access: Internet
Source Attribution: Recovering the Press Releases Behind Health Science News
No full textWe explore the task of intrinsic source attribution: inferring which portions of a derived document were adapted from an unobserved source document. Specifically, we model the relationship between news articles and their press release sources using a dataset of 64,784 health science news articles and 23,068 press releases. We approach the problem at the sentence level and work with science journalism professors to develop a four point Likert scale describing the extent to which a news article sentence is derived from the content in the corresponding press release. Because manual annotation of news article - press release pairs is time-consuming, we turn to a mix of expert, non-expert, and heuristic-based annotation to label our dataset. After a small pilot study, which found that humans, when only able to view the text of the news article, struggle to identify which content is derived or not, we compare four different sentence regression models on the task. We find that modeling a sentence's context in the entire document is important, with the best performing model, a sequence regression model with BERT token representations, achieving a spearman's ρ of 0.49 and NDCG@1 of 0.60 on the expert-labeled test set. Examining the model's predictions, we find that it successfully identifies copied or closely paraphrased sentences in articles with a mix of derived and original content, but struggles to differentiate between loosely paraphrased and original sentences in articles with mostly original writing
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