1,721,109 research outputs found
A feminist postdigital analysis of misogyny, patriarchy and violence against women and girls online
No full textIn this chapter, I offer a postdigital feminist analysis of misogyny and its harmful manifestations online. The Internet is a powerful tool in the systemic and structural dissemination of gender-based violence against women and girls (VAWG). This violence includes technology-facilitated harmful behaviour, along with technological tools to violate victims’ rights, using devices like smartphones and surveillance cameras. I will offer a postdigital critique of VAWG, arguing that at the root of these behaviours is misogyny, a conceptual, descriptive, and analytical account of which I will give here. I will also analyse this phenomenon from the perspective of epistemic injustice to show how asymmetries in testimonial exchanges and hermeneutical resources sustain misogynistic, patriarchal practices. Despite the scale and prevalence of digital and cyber gender-based misogyny and violence, Big Tech are under little to no legal obligation to address the abuse, though legal measures such as the Online Harms Bill (UK) are in progress, and should, I argue, incorporate a VAGW Code of Practice. I conclude with a tentative formulation of what feminist postdigital analysis could consist in and its relevance to the postdigital condition.<br/
Introduction: The Genesis of Dupery by Design
No full textOnline fake news, misinformation, disinformation campaigns, and computational propaganda are all problematic, posing threats to democracy, undermining trust, and increasing polarisation. In the introduction to this edited collection, Dupery by Design: The Epistemology of Deceit in a Postdigital Era, we discuss the genesis of the book. The scale, speed, amplification and quality of ‘information’ that spreads across social media, particularly the harms of deceit on individuals and the polity drew our attention. Technologies and social media platforms in particular create both new norms for discourse, radically alter a priori notions of ‘public sphere’, and enable new forms of power and inequality to exist. The reasons why and how people deceive are complex, lacking unified understanding, and this collection offers some insight into these processes. The contributors to this collection demonstrate in highly diverse ways that deception is a pervasive feature of human interactions, and takes diverse forms, ranging from the cynical to the artistic and humorous. The collection contributes the growing field of postdigital scholarship
Conclusion: Some Resolutions to Dupery and the Power of Online Platforms
No full textIn this conclusion to Dupery by Design: The Epistemology of Deceit in a Postdigital Era we reprise the themes of the book. We record that dupery is now being exercised on an industrial scale worldwide by liberal democratic and authoritarian governments to manipulate public opinion using ‘cyber troop’ tactics - and the number is growing. Social media are excellent environments for civic participation and public discourse; they are also phenomenally effective at reaching large numbers of people quickly, micro-targeting with tailored messages, and harvesting personal data. This power and capacity make social media very attractive to, for example, governments, political parties and conspiracy theorists whose aims are, often, to exploit social media to spread disinformation, and undermine public trust in government and institutions. The chapters in this edited collection addressed the many approaches to detecting, understanding, and combating dupery, ranging from the philosophical and pedagogical, the performative and fictional, to media and information literacy. In addition, we discuss what is required to combat the adverse effects on human welfare and health: transparency, social media literacy, procedural accountability, humane technology and human rights
Bad Faith, Bad Politics, Bad Consequences: The Epistemic Harms of Online Deceit
No full textIn this chapter, we take our cue from Machiavelli to explore whether deceit by those who govern us is good for the polity. We argue that it is not: all forms of deception carry great risks that infect social and political relations. It is particularly harmful when these deceits are conducted in online platforms, given the speed at which lies, fake news, misinformation, disinformation, and other such epistemic vices spread. Bad faith and bad politics lead to bad consequences: polarisation, mis/distrust, and anger, which opportunistic politicians ruthlessly exploit in social and mass media. To help us argue why the suspension of ethical conduct in politics and online media can rarely be justified, and why deceit is corrosive of trust, we draw on a number of analyses: strategic disinformation campaigns; the consumption of mass and social media driven by dis/mistrust; Arendt’s analysis of totalitarianism and Bok’s examination of lies; and the ‘polariser’s toolkit’. We suggest that an alternative to the tactics of the polariser is the humanist toolkit: humanising propaganda based on empathy, and, naturally enough, an education that critically and extensively engages in digital epistemologies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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