99 research outputs found
The Role of Interoceptive Sensibility and Emotional Conceptualization for the Experience of Emotions
No full textThe theory of constructed emotions suggests that different psychological components, including core affect (mental and neural representations of bodily changes), and conceptualization (meaning-making based on prior experiences and semantic knowledge), are involved in the formation of emotions. However, little is known about their role in experiencing emotions. In the current study, we investigated how individual differences in interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization (as potential correlates of these components) interact to moderate three important aspects of emotional experiences: emotional intensity (strength of emotion felt), arousal (degree of activation), and granularity (ability to differentiate emotions with precision). To this end, participants completed a series of questionnaires assessing interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization and underwent two emotion experience tasks, which included standardized material (emotion differentiation task; ED task) and self-experienced episodes (day reconstruction method; DRM). Correlational analysis showed that individual differences in interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization were related to each other. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed two independent factors that were referred to as sensibility and monitoring. The Sensibility factor, interpreted as beliefs about the accuracy of an individual in detecting internal physiological and emotional states, predicted higher granularity for negative words. The Monitoring factor, interpreted as the tendency to focus on the internal states of an individual, was negatively related to emotional granularity and intensity. Additionally, Sensibility scores were more strongly associated with greater well-being and adaptability measures than Monitoring scores. Our results indicate that independent processes underlying individual differences in interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization contribute to emotion experiencing
The Role of Interoceptive Sensibility and Emotional Conceptualization for the Experience of Emotions
No full textThe theory of constructed emotions suggests that different psychological components, including core affect (mental and neural representations of bodily changes), and conceptualization (meaning-making based on prior experiences and semantic knowledge), are involved in the formation of emotions. However, little is known about their role in experiencing emotions. In the current study, we investigated how individual differences in interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization (as potential correlates of these components) interact to moderate three important aspects of emotional experiences: emotional intensity (strength of emotion felt), arousal (degree of activation), and granularity (ability to differentiate emotions with precision). To this end, participants completed a series of questionnaires assessing interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization and underwent two emotion experience tasks, which included standardized material (emotion differentiation task; ED task) and self-experienced episodes (day reconstruction method; DRM). Correlational analysis showed that individual differences in interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization were related to each other. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed two independent factors that were referred to as sensibility and monitoring. The Sensibility factor, interpreted as beliefs about the accuracy of an individual in detecting internal physiological and emotional states, predicted higher granularity for negative words. The Monitoring factor, interpreted as the tendency to focus on the internal states of an individual, was negatively related to emotional granularity and intensity. Additionally, Sensibility scores were more strongly associated with greater well-being and adaptability measures than Monitoring scores. Our results indicate that independent processes underlying individual differences in interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization contribute to emotion experiencing
MINDING THE BODY: THE ROLE OF INTEROCEPTION IN LINKING PHYSIOLOGY AND EMOTION DURING ACUTE STRESS
No full textAffective science has long recognized that emotional experiences are accompanied by physiological concomitants. Although evidence suggests that objective physiological changes do indeed shape affect, findings are often inconsistent. One reason for these inconsistencies might be that more subjective processes—such as people’s beliefs and self-construals about their internal bodily or interoceptive experiences—may be more proximal influencers of affective experience than objective physiological indices. Yet little work compares how subjective dimensions of interoception matter for affective experience relative to individuals’ physiological changes or objective access to said physiology (i.e., interoceptive ability). In this dissertation, healthy young adults (N=250) completed the Trier Social Stress Task with cardiac psychophysiology indices measured before, during, and after the stressor. Immediately after the stressor, individuals reported the kinds and intensity of emotions and somatic sensations they felt. At a prior session, participants completed measures of interoceptive ability, sensibility, and beliefs. Using factor analyses, latent variable structural equation modeling, and hierarchical regressions, I found that physiological reactivity, interoceptive ability, and interoceptive beliefs all mattered for individuals’ acute stress experience. Physiological reactivity was associated with more intense stress experiences, whereas both interoceptive ability and beliefs appeared to buffer against intense stress experiences. Interoceptive sensibility was unrelated to acute stress experiences. Importantly, consistent with constructionist and active inference hypotheses that “interoceptive priors” might play a crucial role in shaping subjective experience, interoceptive beliefs showed the most consistent and powerful effect sizes in relation to people’s subjective stress responses. Implications for emotion theory, interoceptive science, psychopathology, development, and health are discussed.Doctor of Philosoph
Put to work
No full text© 2010 Kay AbudePut to work is a practical fuelled research project supported by a thesis. The topic of work is explored as a fundamental human activity with a certain emphasis on labour in art practice. The paper is written in two sections and the methodology employed is dependent on two closely related factors – a combination of description and critical reflection on significant works of art within the realm of performance.
The first section is titled Art, Life and Work. This triad forms the major themes running parallel to the topic of the factory. An early exposure to the working processes of the factory has formed a fixation on repetitive actions, discipline through routine and production systems. As an environment the factory is examined in relation to a labour intensive art practice. A romantic conception of work that is born from a childhood nostalgia is overturned as the realities of the hardships of factory life are unraveled through the research. The seduction of the factory image is predominantly discussed to reinforce and reveal the true punishing nature behind the aestheticized façade of the factory depicted in past and contemporary artistic explorations.
The photographs of Edward Burtynsky, the documentary film by Jennifer Baichwal titled Manufactured Landscapes, 2006 and narratives by author Leslie T. Chang in her book Factory Girls focuses China as a major trading nation in the manual labour of production. Reflections are made on the interconnected theme of industrialization in preceding films such as Godfrey Reggio’s Qatsi trilogy, 1982-2002 and Ron Fricke’s Baraka, 1992. Karl Marx’s theory of alienation is briefly referenced particularly its association with production in art practice. Personal aspects of the experience of work provide an alternative to a labour mediated by commerce.
The second section is titled The Performative Through the Process of Work. Performance art defines the context for the research undertaken inside the practices of three key artists. One work by each key figure is discussed – One Year Performance 1980-1981 by Taiwanese born artist Tehching Hsieh, The House with the Ocean View, 2002 by the female pioneer of Performance Art Marina Abramović and Occurrence, 2009 by contemporary Melbourne based artist Mark Themann. Fundamental features in the engagement of Performance Art such as the concept of time, duration and endurance, production through repetition and the similarities between life and art offer the basis for the research. The labour embodied within artistic production is an integral facet of performance and propositions to celebrate and embrace this aspect are put forward
Stories Shouldn\u27t Be Easy to Tell : A Chat With Author Kerry Neville
No full textKerry Neville’s just-released collection of short stories, Remember to Forget Me, is described as filled with “enormous compassion.” She lives in Georgia where she teaches at Georgia College and State University. Her first collection of stories, Necessary Lies, received the G.S. Sharat Chandra Prize in Fiction and was named a ForeWord Magazine Short Story Book of the Year. Her work has appeared in The Gettysburg Review, Epoch, and Triquarterly, and online in The Washington Post, The Huffington Post, and The Fix. She has twice been the recipient of the Dallas Museum of Art’s “Arts and Letters Prize for Fiction,” and has also been awarded the Texas Institute of Letters Kay Cattarulla Prize for the Short Story and the John Guyon Literary Nonfiction Prize from Crab Orchard Review
Efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy in women veterans with borderline personality disorder
No full textSupport for this study was provided by a VA Research Advisory Group grant o the first author. The authors would also like to acknowledge the significant contributions of the follow-ing individuals: Theresa Yusehok and Lawrence Dural, VA staff psychiatrists providing medica-tion management, Haleh Ghanizadeh and Danuta Jagla-Sehudel, skills training roup eoleaders, and Jean Beckhana, VA staff psychologist and consultant
Motivations matter: understanding the driving factors behind cultural repatriation in the United States since 1970
No full textThe United States alone holds one quarter of the world’s museums. If the mission of the American Museum is one of public service and preservation of world heritage, they must engage with the ongoing debate about, and increasing pressures of, global cultural repatriation of objects by source nations. Changes to museum collection and ethics policies to reflect this debate have not occurred in unison in the United States. Studying specific instances of returns from American museums to source nations in an attempt to better understand the institutional decision-making behind voluntary returns can help aid source nations in crafting their repatriation requests. This thesis seeks to analyze the motivations behind voluntary cultural repatriations that have occurred in the United States since 1970 and utilizes three case studies, examining the negotiations between the Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco and Mexico, Yale University’s Peabody Museum and Peru, and the Smithsonian Institution and Nigeria to do so.M.A.Includes bibliographical reference
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Association between urinary biomarkers of total sugars intake and measures of obesity in a cross-sectional study
No full textabstract: Obesity is an important modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases. While there is increasing focus on the role of dietary sugars, there remains a paucity of data establishing the association between sugar intake and obesity in the general public. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of estimated sugar intake with odds for obesity in a representative sample of English adults. We used data from 434 participants of the 2005 Health Survey of England. Biomarkers for total sugar intake were measured in 24 h urine samples and used to estimate intake. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations between biomarker-based estimated intake and measures of obesity (body mass intake (BMI), waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio) and obesity risk, respectively. Estimated sugar intake was significantly associated with BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio; these associations remained significant after adjustment for estimated protein intake as a marker of non-sugar energy intake. Estimated sugar intake was also associated with increased odds for obesity based on BMI (OR 1.02; 95%CI 1.00–1.04 per 10g), waist-circumference (1.03; 1.01–1.05) and waist-to-hip ratio (1.04; 1.02–1.06); all OR estimates remained significant after adjusting for estimated protein intake. Our results strongly support positive associations between total sugar intake, measures of obesity and likelihood of being obese. It is the first time that such an association has been shown in a nationally-representative sample of the general population using a validated biomarker. This biomarker could be used to monitor the efficacy of public health interventions to reduce sugar intake.The article is published at http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.017950
Respiratory Managers and Their Leadership Styles in Hospitals Recognized for Magnet Recognition Status
No full textThe purpose of this study is to evaluate leadership styles of respiratory managers in the hospital environment, through examination of B.M. Bass\u27s (1995) model of transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership. The author measured leadership alignment and outcome factors through the multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ 5x-short) survey. Respiratory managers are a large part of the healthcare team. They provide the respiratory therapist they manage with education, orientation and supervision. The respiratory managers of 200 Magnet recognized hospitals located within the United States were mailed a MLQ 5x-short survey. Each manager was asked to fill out the survey and return it in the self-addressed envelope that was included. No personal information was obtained; the survey included 45 descriptive statements. The respiratory managers were asked to rate themselves on how frequently each of the descriptive statements described their leadership style. The statements are grouped into related leadership behaviors. Each of the leadership behaviors then is located in one of the leadership styles, transformational, transactional, or laissez-faire.
The MLQ surveys were then scored. Each of the managers was given a score in each of the leadership behaviors. Scores were then analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results revealed that respiratory managers use a higher level of transformational leadership behaviors than transactional or laissez-faire behaviors. The mean score of the transformational behaviors was 3.4, transactional 2.68 and laissez-faire .63.
The literature revealed that transformational leadership style was predominating in Magnet recognized hospitals. This study was looking specifically at respiratory managers. Since no literature can be found on the leadership styles of respiratory managers this will add to the body of knowledge. This study supported the literature, in that managers in Magnet recognized hospitals predominately used transformational leadership styles
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