1,720,954 research outputs found
Bystanders and whistleblowers: A study of the systemic forces driving the journey from denial to action in the face of wrongdoing within organizations
Get PDFThis study examines how a member of an organization comes to recognize and react to
wrongdoing in their workplace. The impact on an individual of perceived systemic processes
at the level of the organization and the wider culture which encourage silence or grant voice
is analysed within a social constructionist framework.
This focus allowed a more holistic understanding of the decision to speak out or remain
silent in the context of organizational wrongdoing. The aim was to produce a plausible and
explanatory account of bystanding and whistleblowing, acknowledging that those processes
are complex and co-constituted from the interplay of social and psychological processes. In
a small way, I hoped to generate testable hypotheses about key processes which explain
how people situated within a specific set of norms, faced with organizational wrongdoing
construct meaning and make choices about ethical practice.
Nine participants, drawn from a range of organizational contexts, who had raised concerns
about wrongdoing within their employing organization were interviewed individually. They
were asked to narrate their biographies up to and including the process of speaking out
about their concerns. Two further participants, who were bystanders in two of the
whistleblowers’ incidents were interviewed using the same approach. The interview data
was analysed using grounded theory. The research procedure gave participants space and a
process which provoked reflection and some newfound perspectives.
Initially an analytic account of the stages and processes leading up to speaking out or
remaining silent was obtained. Then the data was re-analysed, using the Transforming
Experience Framework (Long, 2016) to explore in greater depth how the organization-in-the-mind was composed in each case. The goal was not to develop a causal explanation but
to reach an understanding of how self, role and system interact in shaping a whistleblowing
episode.
Investigating the complexity of the full situation of inquiry requires that discourses at the
cultural level, should also be examined. Therefore, I conducted a supplementary study of representation of whistleblowers in film. I explored the relationship between historical
contextual factors and the changes to the portrayal, of the whistleblowing act, to draw out
how discursive concepts construct the subject of the whistleblower. Popular films featuring
whistleblowers were sampled across decades and their narratives were scrutinized using
situational analysis.
Findings showed that the pathway to speaking out has shared stages and processes, but
that the route to speaking out or keeping silent is both iterative and highly individual.
Systemic factors were found to inform the process at every stage. Whistleblowers
attachment to a contested version of the primary task, when they perceived the alternative
version of task to be associated with perversity led them towards raising concerns.
Experiences of occupying roles in their earlier life were reflected in how they managed their
attachment to organization. Being let down was also formative. Those experiences
collectively pushed them towards a new attachment to a parrhesiastic self and to attempts
to rescue the organization. The bystanders were aware of the same problems within their
organizations but, helped by an allegiance to an alternative professional discourse, were
acquiescent. The cultural context of the ‘market civilization’ shaped the discourses and
practices operating within the organizations in the study and contributed to the
construction of what was recognizable behaviour within the organization.
The implications of these findings for professional practice were discussed. The results
point to the value of enabling consultants and other change agents to understand the
systemic constraints which make wrongdoing invisible or deter staff from challenging what
they see and to develop strategies to empower people within organizations to reach a
position where they are prepared to speak out
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Whistleblowers in film: Studying changing representations of whistleblowers in popular cinema
Get PDFA pressing question for organizational theory and change, and for whistleblowing policy and practice in particular, is how an individual comes to think independently of the social norms of their organization. How do they arrive at a position from where they feel compelled to act contrary to those norms, while surrounded by colleagues who continue to comply? This paper turns to popular cinema to trace historically the culturally-shared constructs about the ethical value of whistleblowing, how whistleblowers enact their roles and what the likely outcomes might be.
[Een dringende vraag voor organisatietheorie en organisatieverandering in het algemeen, en klokkenluidersbeleid in het bijzonder, is hoe een individu ertoe komt om zich onafhankelijk te kunnen denken ten aanzien van de sociale normen van hun organisatie. Hoe komen ze in een positie waarin ze zich genoodzaakt voelen om tegen die normen in te handelen, terwijl hun collega’s ze blijven gehoorzamen? Dit artikel traceert welke de culturele...
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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