1,721,217 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Atrial Fibrillation : from pathophysiology to therapy
No full textLa fibrillation atriale (FA) est l’arythmie soutenue la plus fréquente ; elle entraine une majoration significative de la morbidité et de la mortalité. Les mécanismes qui en sont responsables sont encore incomplètement connus, et sa prise en charge n’est pas optimale. Afin de mieux comprendre la physiopathologie de la FA, nous avons mené différents travaux sur des coeurs de moutons isolés et perfusés par un système de Langendorff mais également en créant un modèle chronique de FA persistante de longue durée. Dans un modèle ovin de FA persistante, nous avons ainsi démontré que la fréquence dominante (DF) de la FA augmentait progressivement pendant les premières semaines de l’arythmie, alors que les épisodes étaient paroxystiques, phénomène en rapport avec le raccourcissement de la durée du potentiel d’action secondaire au remodelage électrophysiologique. La DF se stabilisait dès lors que la FA devenait persistante, une fois le remodelage électrophysiologique maximal. L’accélération de la DF (dDF/dt) était significativement corrélée au temps nécessaire à la transition vers la FA persistante. Le remodelage structurel n’apparaissait que secondairement, une fois l’arythmie devenue persistante. Sur le plan thérapeutique, nous avons étudié les mécanismes anti-arythmiques de la chloroquine (bloqueur d’IK1) et de la ranolazine (bloqueur d’INa), molécules entrainant un ralentissement de la fréquence de rotation des rotors, une diminution de la DF et un retour en rythme sinusal. Ces travaux nous ont permis de mieux appréhender le rôle des ces courants ioniques dans le maintien de la FA. Enfin, nous avons démontré l’efficacité de l’ablation de la FA en utilisant le cryoballon (CB) de deuxième génération, efficacité grevée d’un taux de parésie du nerf phrénique élevé, dont nous avons pu prédire la survenue à l’aide d’un prédicteur simple, la distance entre le bord du CB et la cathéter permettant de stimuler le nerf phrénique pendant l’application. Une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes à l’origine de l’initiation et du maintien de cette arythmie, ainsi qu’une meilleure prise en charge thérapeutique permettraient d’améliorer la qualité de vie des patients et d’en diminuer le taux de complications.Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, significantly increasing patients’ morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms explaining the initiation and maintenance of the arrhythmia are incompletely understood, and the current treatment strategy is suboptimal. To better understand the pathophysiology of AF, we conducted various projects using Langendorff-perfused sheep hearts and a chronic model of long-standing persistent AF. In the model of persistent AF, we demonstrated that dominant frequency (DF) progressively increases during the first weeks of the arrhythmia, during its paroxysmal stage, due to the electrophysiological remodeling resulting in atrial action potential shortening. DF stabilizes once the electrophysiological remodeling is maximal, and the arrhythmia becomes persitent. The rate of DF increase (dDF/dt) was strongly correlated with the time to persistent AF. Structural remodeling appears secondarily, once transition has occured. We also studied the anti-arrhythmic mechanisms of chloroquine (IK1 blocker) and ranolazine (INa blocker), which slow the frequency of rotation of rotors, decrease the DF and favor reversal to sinus rhythm. These projects helped us to better understand the importance of these currents in AF dynamics. Lastly, we demonstrated the increased efficacy of AF ablation when using the second generation cryoballoon (CB), which regrettably increases the occurrence of phrenic nerve palsy. A simple, reliable predictor of this complication was found, the distance between the lateral edge of the CB and the phrenic nerve stimulating catheter. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the initiation and maintenance of AF, in conjunction with better therapeutic strategies will help to improve patients’ quality of life and decrease the complications of the arrhythmia
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Ontology based Automatic Reasoning applied to telecardiology alerts
No full textIntroduction :La télésurveillance des stimulateurs cardiaques et défibrillateurs sera à terme le standard pour le suivi des patients implantés. Pourtant, des alertes très nombreuses sont générées par ces dispositifs, et constituent un fardeau pour la prise en charge médicale. De plus, les alertes générées le sont indépendamment du contexte médical individuel du patient, et elles pourraient donc être mieux caractérisées. Cette thèse propose un outil de traitement automatique des alertes générées par la survenue de fibrillation atriale, et basé sur une modélisation des connaissances médicales de type ontologie en OWL2. En particulier, le score de risque cardio-embolique CHA2DS2VASc a été évalué par le biais de l’ontologie, ainsi que le statut d’anticoagulation du patient. Matériel et Méthodes :Une ontologie d’application a été créée en OWL2, afin de représenter les concepts nécessaires au raisonnement sur les alertes. Cette ontologie a été utilisée pour raisonner sur 1783 alertes de FA détectées chez 60 porteurs de stimulateurs cardiaques. Les alertes ont été classées automatiquement selon leur importance d’après une échelle de gravité de 1 à 4. La classification automatique a été comparée à celle réalisée par 2 experts médicaux comme référence. Résultats : 1749 alertes sur 1783 (98%) ont été classées correctement. 58 des 60 patients avaient toutes leurs alertes classées à l’identique par le système testé et par les évaluateurs-médecins. Une approche basée ontologie est à même de permettre un raisonnement automatique sur des données issues de dispositifs médicaux connectés, en les contextualisant en fonction des données médicales individuelles du patient.Introduction :Remote monitoring of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) such as pacemakers and defibrillators is the new follow-up standard. However, the numerous alerts generated in remote monitoring causes a burden for physicians. Morever, many alerts are notified despite the knowledge of patient condition and could be refined. This work proposes an automatic tool for classifying atrial fibrillation alert, based on an ontological knowledge model in OWL2. In particular, CHA2DS2VASc thrombo-embolic risk score and patient anticogulation status are accounted in order to determine alert importance. Materials and methods :An application ontology was designed in OWL2, in order to represent the concepts needed for processing alerts. This ontology was used to infer the importance of 1783 AF alerts among 60 CIED recipients, using a 4-grade scale. Automatic classification was compared to that of 2 medical experts.Results :1749 of 1783 alerts (98%) were correctly classified. 58 of 60 patients had every alerts classified with the same importance by the prototype and the human experts. An ontology-driven automatic reasoning tool is able to classify remote monitoring alerts, by using individual medical context. This technology could be important for managing data generated by connected medical devices
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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