16 research outputs found
“Китаизация” марксизма: предпосылки зарождения, исторический экскурс и “новый виток” развития в современном Китае
No full textDuring the global fi nancial crisis in 2008, the collapse of the ideology of Marxism can be traced in the scientific discourse — all the remaining socialist foundations and bases collapsed, and new formats were mixed and transformed into a chaotic order and new political foundations. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. The main social contradiction in China has transformed into a contradiction between the growing desire of people for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. Changes in the main contradictions in Chinese society have determined that the scientific discourse should consider people’s desire for a better life as the goal of social struggle, constantly strengthen people’s sense of happiness and security and constantly contribute to the overall prosperity of the nation. The main purpose of the article is to crystallize the “new round” of the development of Marxism in China, which began with the arrival of Xi Jinping to rule the Communist Party of the People’s Republic of China. The author reveal the prerequisites for the origin of Marxism in the world (from the level of an idea to a real embodiment), give a historical overview of the formation of Marxism in China (the main stages are identified and each of them is characterized), and also argue for the emergence of a “new round” of development in modern China based on a comparison of new bases of ideology and fundamental Marxist theories.Despite the collapse of the socialist system, it cannot be assumed that the external alternative to capitalization and socialization has historically exhausted itself. The experience of modern China, which opens up space for the development of capitalist forms in those parts of the economic space where they show their advantages and have not technically exhausted themselves, is much more consistent with Marx’s natural-historical approaches: not to jump over regular stages (falling, as a rule, into the abyss), but to create opportunities for development and the historical exhaustion of natural forms.В период мирового финансового кризиса 2008 г. в научном дискурсе прослеживается крах идеологии маркcизма: рухнули все остаточные социалистические устои и базисы, а новые форматы смешались и трансформировались хаотичным образом в новые политические устои. Социализм с китайскими особенностями вступил в новую эру. Главное социальное противоречие в Китае трансформировалось в противоречие между растущим стремлением людей к лучшей жизни и несбалансированным и неадекватным развитием. Изменения основных противоречий в китайском обществе определили, что в научном дискурсе стремление людей к лучшей жизни должно рассматриваться как цель социальной борьбы. У людей должно крепнуть ощущение благополучия и безопасности, что в свою очередь должно способствовать общему процветанию нации. Основной целью статьи является выявление и описание “нового витка” развития марксизма в Китае, который начался с приходом Си Цзиньпина к правлению Коммунистической Партией КНР. Автор раскрывает предпосылки зарождения марксизма в мире (от уровня идеи до реального воплощения), приводит исторический экскурс становления марксизма в Китае (обозначены основные этапы и дана характеристика каждого из них), а также аргументирует появление “нового витка” развития в современном Китае на основе сопоставления новых базисов идеологии и фундаментальных марксистских теорий.Несмотря на распад социалистической системы было бы неверно говорить, что противостояние капитализма и социализма исторически себя исчерпало. Опыт современного Китая, который открывает простор для развития капиталистических форм в тех частях экономического пространства, где они проявляют свои преимущества и технико-технологически не исчерпали себя, гораздо более соответствует естественно-историческим подходам Маркса: не перепрыгивать через закономерные этапы (попадая, как правило, в пропасть), а создавать возможности для развития и исторического исчерпания закономерных форм
CFD Modeling of Multiphase Flow in an SKS Furnace: The Effect of Tuyere Arrangements
No full textFunding Information: Open access funding provided by Aalto University. This work was supported by the China Scholarship Council, and School of Chemical engineering, Aalto university. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.The emerging bottom blown copper smelting (SKS) technology has attracted growing interest since it came into production. To further reveal the agitation behavior inside the bath and optimize the variable parameters, CFD simulation was conducted on a scaled down SKS furnace model with different tuyere arrangements. The Multi-Fluid VOF model was used for the first time in SKS furnace simulation and the simulated results show good agreement with an experimental water model reported in the literature, in terms of plume shape and surface wave. It was found that a low velocity region would appear on the opposite side of the bubble plume and persisted for a long time. To enhance the agitation in the low velocity region and reduce the dead zone area, an arrangement with tuyeres installed at each side of the furnace was recommended. Results suggested that a smaller tuyere angle difference would help to strengthen the agitation in the system. However, further investigation indicated that the difference in tuyere angle between two rows of tuyeres should be limited within a certain range to balance the requirements of higher agitation efficiency and longer lining refractory lifespan.Peer reviewe
Essays on political economy and development
No full textThis thesis contains three independent research papers on political economy of development with a unified focus on leadership and decision makings within real world environments. The first chapter deals with country-cross experience using authoritarian turnovers, defined as a transition within nondemocratic regimes, as natural experiments. The final two chapters consists of China-based papers within contemporary historical context, i.e., the period since China’s reform and opening in the late 70s. The second chapter investigates the wealth creation and accumulating class, pinned down by global billionaires, people who have estimated wealth exceeding 1 billion U.S dollars based on Forbes’ database. The final chapter considers a critical theoretical along with a political struggle between two competing views on the interplay between market economy and socialism in the mid 80s. Using Deng Xiaoping’s southern talk in 1992 as an ending mark of that grand debate over the future institutional course of China, the third chapter seeks to provide a descriptive study on the effect of political shock on the social composition of super rich class in China, utilizing a database compiled from Chinese Academy of Social Science (CASS). Chapter 1, Does Authoritarian Turnover Deliver, using authoritarian turnovers (ATs) as natural experiments, investigates the institutional transition effects from one nondemocratic regimes to another. I ask the following question: does authoritarian turnover produce on average positive growth effects? Using this exercise, I attempt to provide another test on the nexus between democratization and growth. An emerging idea from this research is that authoritarian turnover is as likely to happen as a transition into democracy. To determine this, a new panel dataset from authoritarian regimes 7 between 1950 and 2014 was constructed. My estimates suggest that those authoritarian turnovers have an adverse small average growth effect. This implies that by failing to take into account authoritarian turnovers, democratization literature might have underestimated the effect of transition into democracy. From a decomposition analysis, it is determined that transitions into party regimes can once in a while deliver better outcomes than transitions into other authoritarian systems. In general, however, the transition to party regimes on average cannot deliver a better growth outcome than democratization. Chapter 2, Becoming Global Billionaires from Mainland China: Theory and Evidence, studies the the set of billionaires from mainland China, discusses how their social origins affect their financing patterns. Guided by a proposed conceptual framework relating socio-political backgrounds of the billionaire entrepreneurs to their observable financing decisions, I show, under conditions of an open economy, grassroots billionaire entrepreneurs (e.g., Jack Ma) could attenuate political economy as well as financial frictions via capital injections from foreign venture capitalists. Building a unique database, I find, using a human equation, that (i) the politically unconnected billionaire entrepreneurs financed by foreign venture capitalists are more likely to float their companies outside mainland China (mainly in Hong Kong and the U.S), use offshore financing vehicles, and enter into innovative sectors; and (ii) the politically connected global billionaire entrepreneurs, however, are strongly associated with a record of state-owned enterprise (SOE) restructuring. Chapter 3, Serving the People or the People’s Note: On the Political Economy of Talent Allocation, discusses the welfare-improving impact of Deng Xiaoping’s Southern Talks, through better allocation of talents. An efficient allocation of talents through occupational choice is central to modern economic growth. Removal of developmental barriers unfavorable to entrepreneurship might be a plausible channel for China’s superb economic performance. Using a newly compiled data on China’s Super Rich Persons (CSRP), the regression kink (RK) design reports supportive evidence on the politically induced structural change in the social compositions of entrepreneurs using as an event shock from Deng Xiaoping’s Southern Talks: consistent with pro8 market talent allocation framework (i) the share of super-rich entrepreneur having state sector experience and party membership declines; (ii) the effects on the attributes of the parental father of the entrepreneurs are rather limited. In short, the three chapters as a whole contribute to a study of political economy of development using real world experiences. At the core of each of the chapter, the central theme of the paper is unified under the interactions between decision makings of leaders, whether they are political or business leaders, and institutional environments. In chapter 1, the average effect of authoritarian turnovers, which by definition are associated with replacement of leaders, could be interpreted as selection effects of leaders in that setting. In chapter 2, the minting of Chinese billionaires is more or less made possible by the institutional innovations offered by an open economy in which offshore vehicles and other sets of financial innovations are available. In chapter 3, the shaping of a wealth creation class could be attributable to a political resolution of competing ideals and plans in a unique historical setting
CFD Modeling of Multiphase Flow in an SKS Furnace with New Tuyere Arrangements
No full textFunding Information: Open access funding provided by Aalto University. This work was supported by the China Scholarship Council, and School of Chemical engineering, Aalto university. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).There has been a great deal of focus on the optimization of tuyere arrangements in SKS bottom blown copper smelting furnaces since the last decade, as the improved furnace operation efficiency of SKS technology has potential that cannot be ignored. New –x + 0 + x deg tuyere arrangements with 14 tuyeres are proposed in this research paper. Using a previously verified numerical model, CFD tests on the velocity distribution and wall shear stress for scaled-down SKS furnace models were conducted, with a constant total volumetric gas flow rate, and different operating parameters and furnace cross-section geometries. The results indicate that, at a relatively low gas injection speed compared with the previously optimized tuyere arrangement, although the –x +0 +x deg tuyere arrangements are unable to supply enhanced agitation in the typical round furnaces, they achieve better performance in elliptical furnaces. At a comparatively higher gas injection speed, the – x + 0 + x deg tuyere arrangements can improve the agitation performance in a round furnace while maintaining an acceptable wall shear stress on the bottom and side wall. The agitation enhancement with the − x +0 +x deg tuyere arrangements can essentially be attributed to stronger interactions between bubble plumes and furnace side walls. To further exploit the advantages of the new tuyere arrangements, an optimized tuyere angle was confirmed by a full-scale furnace model simulation.Peer reviewe
Effect of variable pressure-assisted immersion process using (−)-epicatechin on the color, flavor, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content in roasted beef meat
No full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are more easily formed in beef meat than other meats. A previous study confirmed the inhibitory effect of (−)-epicatechin on PAHs in a fat model system. However, (−)-epicatechin solution demonstrates colloidal properties at high concentrations. Hence a variable pressure immersion method was applied to infuse (−)-epicatechin in beef cubes. The fixed variable pressure-assisted immersion process using (−)-epicatechin that ranged from 0.2 mM/L to 5.0 mM/L was found to influence color, flavor, and PAHs dose-dependently. The 0.2 mM/L (−)-epicatechin treatment stabilized color properties, reduced PAHs content, and promoted the formation of volatiles and free amino acids. However, the use of more than 1.0 mM/L (−)-epicatechin, gradually decreased the values of brightness (L*) and yellow to blue color (b*), volatiles and free amino acids content, and reduced the inhibitory effect on PAHs. Therefore, the variable pressure-assisted immersion process of meat in 0.2 mM/L (−)-epicatechin can inhibit PAHs formation without compromising flavor properties of roasted beef
Author Correction: MAD2B acts as a negative regulatory partner of TCF4 on proliferation in human dermal papilla cells
No full textA correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.</jats:p
Thermal decomposition and transformation mechanism of mullite with the action of sodium carbonate
No full textQuantitative analysis of crystalline and amorphous phases in pulverized coal fly ash based on the Rietveld method
No full text
Telomerase reverse transcriptase promotes chemoresistance by suppressing cisplatin-dependent apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells
No full textCisplatin is one of the most efficacious antimitotic drugs used in the treatment of a range of malignant tumors. However, treatment failures are common due to the development of chemoresistance. In addition to its telomere maintenance function, telomerase plays a pro-survival role, inducing decreased apoptosis and increased resistance against DNA damage. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect is critical to improve treatment outcomes. Previously, our group showed higher telomerase reverse transcriptase( TERT) expression in cisplatin resistant osteosarcoma cells. In this study, confocal fluorescence microscopy experiments revealed that TERT translocates from the nucleus to mitochondria in cisplatin treated osteosarcoma cells. We observed decreased apoptosis rate and improved mitochondrial function in TERT-overexpressing cells following cisplatin treatment. Based on these results, we further established that TERT inhibits cisplatin-induced apoptosis independently of telomerase reverse transcriptase activity. Moreover, TERT suppressed cisplatin-induced apoptosis and improved mitochondrial function via alleviating intracellular ROS in osteosarcoma cells. Our finding that TERT shuttles from the nucleus to the mitochondrion in response to cisplatin treatment and inhibits cisplatin-induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells may be especially important to overcome drug resistance.Natural Science Foundation of China [81502575]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2042015kf0069]SCI(E)ARTICLE
