1,298 research outputs found
AC magnetic susceptibility studies of Chinese red clay sediments between 4.8 and 4.1 Ma: Paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic implications
No full textRecent studies show that measuring AC magnetic susceptibility (with in-phase X′ and quadrature X″ components) versus temperature provides an effective way to map the grain-size distribution of pedogenic maghemite. Applying this method, we mapped the pedogenic maghemite grain-size distribution of samples of the red clay sediments deposited on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) during the interval 4.8-4.1 Ma, during which the validity of magnetic susceptibility as an East Asian summer monsoon precipitation intensity proxy has been questioned. The results show that the pedogenic maghemite grain-size distribution is the same as in the overlying loess-paleosol sequence and in the other intervals of the red clay sequence, suggesting similar pedogenesis mechanisms and marked precipitation seasonality on the CLP between 4.8 and 4.1 Ma compared with the other intervals. We argue that the seasonal position shift of the polar westerlies produces the required precipitation seasonality and thus produces a uniform pedogenic grain-size distribution during this time interval. Reconstructing paleo-rainfall on the central CLP on the basis of surface calibration results suggests that the intensification of the East Asian summer monsoon might be a key trigger for the subsequent significant ocean and cryosphere adjustments during the Pliocene. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union
Author Correction: Rapid increase in the risk of heat-related mortality.
No full textCorrection to: Nature Communicationshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40599-x, published online 24 August 2023 The original version of this Article omitted from the author list the 17th author, “Multi-Country Multi-City (MCC) collaborative research network”, which is the consortium providing the mortality data. A list of consortium authors and their affiliations are provided in the HTML version of this Correction. Part of the Author Contributions statement was incorrectly given and should have read ‘A.M.V.C., E.M.F., B.A., M.D.S.Z.S.C., Y.L.G., Y.G., Y.H., V.H., J.K., E.L., D.R., N.R., N.S., S.S., A.U., A.G. and the MCC were involved in resources and data curation.’ In addition, the primary affiliation ‘Climate Research Foundation (FIC), Madrid, Spain’ for Dominic Roye was missing
Corrigendum to Single-molecule fluorescence reveals the oligomerisation and folding steps driving the prion-like behaviour of ASC [J. Mol. Biol. 430 (4) (February 16, 2018) 491–508]
No full textThe authors would like to include the following authors and their contributions and funding details: Author list: Yann Gambin, Nichole Giles, Ailís O'Carroll , Mark E. Polinkovsky, Wayne Johnston, Dominic J.B Hunter, Kirill Alexandrov, Kate Schroder, Emma Sierecki. Affiliations: EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia. The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. Author's contributions: N.G., Y.G. and E.S. carried out the cell-free experiments. D.H. contributed the cell-free reagent. N.G., A.O.C., M.E.P., Y.G. and E.S. performed single-molecule coincidence analysis and AlphaScreen experiments and analyzed data. W.J. contributed to the development of the cell-free expression system. K.A. contributed to the development of the cell-free expression system and to formulation of the research objective. K.S. contributed to design and conceptualization of the study, and expertise in inflammasome biology. E.S. and Y.G. designed the study. Y.G., E.S., K.S. and N.G. drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Funding: The authors acknowledge the facilities and the scientific and technical assistance of the Australian Microscopy & Microanalysis Research Facility at the Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland. Y.G. and K.S. are supported by Australian Research Council Future Fellowships (FT110100478 to Y.G., FT130100361 to K.S.). The National Health and Medical Research Council supported the research (Program Grants 511005 and APP1037320 to K.A., and APP1100771 to Y.G. and E.S.). The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused
Ag NWs for Organic Photovoltaic Cells: Semitransparent and Stretchable Devices
No full textThe current developments on organic photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells are inspired by the idea that they can be processed from solution. One of the challenges in developing fully solution-processed OPV devices is the design of well-performing electrodes with low cost of deposition. This has been one of the focus of the academic and industrial community. Nowadays, the use of ITO as a semitransparent electrode has become a bottleneck. This is because it is brittle, has Indium (a rare element), and needs a high energy intensive deposition process. There are many alternatives presented but none of them match the performance of ITO. Here, we report a full solution-processed ITO-free semitransparent OPV device based on silver nanowires (Ag NWs). To demonstrate the potential of Ag NWs in OPV devices, they were employed as a bottom and top electrode without a post treatment to decrease their roughness. Record devices achieved only a decrease of 6.5% of efficiency in comparison to ITO based reference devices. Furthermore, due to its good bending properties, a working stretchable device was fabricated by depositing the different OPV layers on a pre-stretched elastomeric membrane. These results indicate that Ag NWs can successfully replace ITO as an electrode.Sustainable Energy TechnologyPhotovoltaic Materials and DevicesElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Zpif's law in the liquid gas phase transition of nuclei
No full textZpif's law in the field of linguistics is tested in the
nuclear disassembly within the framework of isospin dependent lattice
gas model. It is found that the average cluster charge (or mass)
of rank in the charge (or mass) list shows exactly inversely
to its rank, i.e., there exists Zpif's law, at the phase transition
temperature. This novel criterion shall be helpful to search
the nuclear liquid gas phase transition experimentally and
theoretically. In addition, the finite size scaling of the
effective phase transition temperature at which the Zpif's law
appears is studied for several systems with different mass
and the critical exponents of and are tentatively
extracted
Strategic Design of Multi-Actor Nascent Energy and Industrial Infrastructure Networks under Uncertainty
No full textInfrastructure networks, such as gas transmission and distribution pipelines, electricity transmission and distribution cables, district heating networks and carbon capture and storage pipeline networks are vital infrastructures that form the backbone of our energy system. They transport commodities (i.e. gas, hot water, electricity) from one or several sources to one or several consumption/conversion sites through dedicated pipelines and cables. These infrastructure networks are undergoing major changes due to an increasing integration of renewable sources in the energy sector and increasing adoption of CO2 emission reduction measures by carbon intensive industries. For instance, the topology of the electricity network is undergoing changes to accommodate distributed power generation and the flexibility of consumers. Likewise, new pipeline infrastructures are being deployed for transporting CO2 from industrial sources to storage sites and greenhouses. This thesis focuses on the design of nascent energy and industrial infrastructure networks: networks that still needed to be built and for which neither scope, size, nor participants were certain. It develops systematic design analysis approaches to help improve design under uncertainty by means of flexibility. There are four parts to the thesis. The first part focuses on understanding the concept of flexible design and its application to the design of engineering systems and energy infrastructure networks. The second part focuses on flexibility analysis with the objective of improving their lifetime performance in the face of uncertain design requirements. A systematic engineering design approach combining graph theory network modelling, exploratory modelling and real options is proposed to explore candidate designs, identify valuable flexibility enablers and appreciate the value of flexible design strategies. The third part considers the role of risk sharing when actors co-invest in infrastructure networks under uncertain environment. Contractual arrangements are modelled between actors as a cooperative game and analyses the effects of uncertainty. The fourth part focuses on how private and public actors may enhance desired performances when developing new energy and industrial infrastructure networks under uncertainty.The Doctoral Degrees issued upon completion of the programme are issued by Comillas Pontifical University, Delft University of Technology and KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The invested degrees are official in Spain, the Netherlands and Sweden, respectively.QC 20171002</p
HIRM variations in the Chinese red-clay sequence: Insights into pedogenesis in the dust source area
No full textAlthough extensive rock magnetic studies have been performed on the Chinese loess-paleosol sediments, few comparable studies have been applied to the underlying red-clay sediments. Because of this paucity of data, our understanding of the mineral magnetic properties of the red-clay sequence, and the paleoenvironmental information encoded in them, is limited. Here we report hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM) variations from ∼8.1 to ∼1.2 Ma in the lower part of the loess-paleosol and the underlying red-clay sequences of the Chaona section on the Chinese Loess Plateau. The results indicate that there is a negative correlation between HIRM and frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility χfd (χfd = χlf - χhf, where χlf and χhf are magnetic susceptibility measured at 470 Hz and 4700 Hz, respectively) from ∼3.4 to ∼2.6 Ma and a positive correlation between these two proxies from ∼8.1 to ∼3.4 Ma and ∼2.6 to ∼1.2 Ma. We argue that the HIRM variations from ∼8.1 to ∼3.4 Ma and from ∼2.6 to ∼1.2 Ma reflect hematite availability in the dust source region, determined by the size of the area and climatic conditions of the dust source region. The negative correlation between HIRM and χfd between ∼3.4 and ∼2.6 Ma suggests that magnetic enhancement during this time interval may be related to the alteration of hematite/goethite to magnetite/maghemite. We also find that HIRM data between 8.1 and 3.4 Ma show high coherence with the 100-kyr eccentricity signals, suggesting eccentricity forcing of concentration variations of hematite in the dust source area. Higher resolution samples are needed to determine if concentration variations of hematite in the dust source area are coherent with the orbital obliquity and precession forcing signals. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd
A study of two-dimensional superconductivity at oxide interfaces using waveguide resonators
No full textQN/Steele La
Flexibility - For smart infrastructure planning and development under uncertainty cases of port expansions and carbon capture and storage projects (abstract)
No full textEngineering, Systems and ServicesTechnology, Policy and Managemen
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Precision measurement of the neutron spin dependent structure functions
No full textIn experiment E154 at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center the spin dependent structure function g{sub 1}{sup n} (x, Q{sup 2}) of the neutron was measured by scattering longitudinally polarized 48.3 GeV electrons off a longitudinally polarized {sup 3}He target. The high beam energy allowed the author to extend the kinematic coverage compared to the previous SLAC experiments to 0.014 {le} x {le} 0.7 with an average Q{sup 2} of 5 GeV{sup 2}. The author reports the integral of the spin dependent structure function in the measured range to be {integral}{sub 0.014}{sup 0.7} dx g{sub 1}{sup n}(x, 5 GeV{sup 2}) = {minus}0.036 {+-} 0.004(stat.) {+-} 0.005(syst.). The author observes relatively large values of g{sub 1}{sup n} at low x that call into question the reliability of data extrapolation to x {r_arrow} 0. Such divergent behavior disagrees with predictions of the conventional Regge theory, but is qualitatively explained by perturbative QCD. The author performs a Next-to-Leading Order perturbative QCD analysis of the world data on the nucleon spin dependent structure functions g{sub 1}{sup p} and g{sub 1}{sup n} paying careful attention to the experimental and theoretical uncertainties. Using the parameterizations of the helicity-dependent parton distributions obtained in the analysis, the author evolves the data to Q{sup 2} = 5 GeV{sup 2}, determines the first moments of the polarized structure functions of the proton and neutron, and finds agreement with the Bjorken sum rule
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